美联储宽松货币政策的调控逻辑与实践

2007年次贷危机发生后,美联储采取了以利率调控、量化宽松(QE)和扭转操作(OT)为内容的宽松货币政策。实施宽松政策的目的在于通过调低短期名义利率、增加货币供应降低长期利率和金融产品风险溢价,以增加经济金融体系流动性和信贷可获得性,进而推动美国经济走出危机。本文分析了美联储宽松货币政策的理论基础、调控逻辑与操作实践,反思了货币政策在应对危机中的效应、调控框架构建、超额流动性传导等问题,以期为我国央行政策操作提供一些参照与借鉴。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响

2013年12月19日,美联储宣布削减量化宽松每月资产采购规模100亿美元,标志着正式启动QE退出,美联储QE退出增加了全球经济复苏的不确定性,对我国跨境资金流动产生深远影响,从而引起了市场的高度关注。本文回顾了美国量化宽松政策的实施过程和退出步骤,分析了量化宽松政策退出的主要传导机制与渠道,剖析了美联储量化宽松政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响,并提出了相关政策建议。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响

2013年12月19日,美联储宣布削减量化宽松每月资产采购规模100亿美元,标志着正式启动QE退出,美联储QE退出增加了全球经济复苏的不确定性,对我国跨境资金流动产生深远影响,从而引起了市场的高度关注。本文回顾了美国量化宽松政策的实施过程和退出步骤,分析了量化宽松政策退出的主要传导机制与渠道,剖析了美联储量化宽松政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响,并提出了相关政策建议。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响

2013年12月19日,美联储宣布削减量化宽松每月资产采购规模100亿美元,标志着正式启动 QE退出,美联储 QE退出增加了全球经济复苏的不确定性,对我国跨境资金流动产生深远影响,从而引起了市场的高度关注。本文回顾了美国量化宽松政策的实施过程和退出步骤,分析了量化宽松政策退出的主要传导机制与渠道,剖析了美联储量化宽松政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响,并提出了相关政策建议。     

量化宽松货币政策下央行政策变化对备行业的影响

金融危机爆发后,各国政府采取量化宽松的货币政策来刺激经济的增长。但是发达国家并没有很快走出衰退,其货币政策当局即将开展第二轮量化宽松货币政策。中国人民银行随即调整了货币政策。本文将通过分析量化宽松货币政策的效应以及人民银行此次加息,来阐述通货膨胀预期不断上升的情况对各行业的影响。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策的影响及其退出展望

2008年美国金融危机爆发至今,美联储实行了四轮超宽松的货币政策(QE1～QE4)。在刺激其经济复苏的同时也给世界上其他国家尤其是新兴市场国家的经济带来了更大的冲击和不确定性。本文主要分析了美国量化宽松货币政策对中国经济发展的影响,并提出了一些应对措施来加强中国经济稳定,以减轻其有可能对中国经济造成的负面影响,同时对美国量化宽松货币政策的可能退出时机、操作目标、退出模式等因素及其影响进行了前瞻性分析。     

美国量化宽松货币政策及中国面临的挑战

随着次贷危机的不断蔓延和影响的逐渐深化,美国等发达国家纷纷采取了量化宽松货币政策来稳定和刺激经济。此种极端货币政策将对全球经济金融产生深远影响＇本文着重分析美国量化宽松货币政策可能造成的影响。     

量化宽松货币政策的主要目的是降低长期利率

量化宽松货币政策通过降低长期利率而发挥作用,较为有效地缓解了流动性危机,其传导机制与常规货币政策的传导基本相同。宏观模型表明,量化宽松货币政策对经济增长和通货膨胀都具有积极影响,这种影响并不仅仅限于金融危机期间。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策退出对我国跨境资金流动的影响分析

本文在回顾美国历次量化宽松货币政策的实施情况及未来可能的退出步骤的基础上,研究发现我国外汇资金净流入受美国量化宽松货币政策影响较大。针对美联储量化宽松货币政策退出产生的影响,本文提出了相关政策建议。     

日本量化宽松货币政策的实践及其启示

20世纪90年初,日本央行通过不断下调中央银行调贴现利率和隔夜拆借利率以抵抗通缩和经济增长缓慢的状况,在常规的利率调控工具应对经济持续通缩毫无办法时,日本采取了量化宽松货币政策。本文总结与分析日本2001年3月至2013年4月量化宽松货币政策操作实践及其效果,以其为我国央行的政策操作提供借鉴。     

金融危机前后的美联储货币政策调控方式演变

2008年国际金融危机前后,美联储的货币政策调控方式发生了明显变化.从金融危机之前准备金短缺下的公开市场操作调控转变为金融危机之后准备金充裕下的利率走廊与公开市场操作相结合的调控方式.本文详细分析了危机前后美联储货币政策调控方式的变化情况,这对于理解和预测未来美联储货币政策调控具有重要意义.     

The Causality Effects of the Federal Reserve's Monetary Policy on U.S. and Eurodollar Interest Rates

Previous studies argue that U.S. interest rates will become more sensitive to changes in eurodollar rates as international financial-market integration increases. However, the empirical results of these studies are suspect because they select their subperiods in an ad hoc manner and ignore the different trading hours of the U.S. and London markets. This study adjusts for the markets' different trading hours and uses Goldfeld and Quandt's switching regression technique to show that the causal relation between U.S. CD rates and eurodollar rates is impacted by the Federal Reserve's monetary policy. Because the latest subperiod exhibits uni-directional causality (i.e., U.S. interest rates cause changes in eurodollar rates), the results cast doubt on the implicit assumption made in the literature that interest-rate causality is only affected by increasing levels of financial-market integration.     

On the Effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's Margin Requirement

A portfolio-theoretic model of the optimal margin account is developed. It is argued that the Federal Reserve's goal in setting the margin requirement is to influence investor equity ratios. Using the average equity ratio as the dependent variable and the arguments of the model as independent variables, an empirical model is estimated. It is concluded that the margin requirement is an effective regulatory tool.     

A Bayesian interpretation of the Federal Reserve's dual mandate and the Taylor Rule

When the Federal Reserve was established by the US Congress in 1913, its charter mandated that the new central bank “promote an elastic currency” and the institution was given extraordinary powers to serve as a lender of last resort to the banking system. Congress was reacting to the cycle of financial panics that had beset the country since the Civil War and had worsened with the Panic of 1907. Congress sought to find a remedy to prevent runs on banks turning into full-fledged financial crises. The term “elastic” in the opening words of the charter was intended to underscore the need for a robust banking system that could withstand shocks and not collapse upon itself. There was no mention whatsoever of a dual mandate of promoting price stability and encouraging full employment.With prodding from the US Congress, the Federal Reserve became highly involved in the management of the economy of the United States after WWII, focusing on inflation and full employment objectives. In 1993 Professor John Taylor set forth an elegant and simple framework (aka, the Taylor Rule) for analyzing the interest rate policy of the Federal Reserve in terms of its dual mandate.This paper examines Federal Reserve behavior from the mid-1950s to 2011 through the lens of the Taylor Rule. Our contribution is to use a dynamic linear model with Bayesian inference to update the evolution through time of the key parameters surrounding the inflation and full employment mandates, using only the information available to the Federal Reserve at each point in time. Our findings provide a more nuanced quantitative view than is previously available in the literature of how the Federal Reserve shifted its management of its dual mandate over time and in response to different economic challenges. Moreover, our research leads to serious questions of how Federal Reserve decision making may change in the future, following the financial panic of 2008, pointing toward numerous avenues for new research.     

Coordinating Monetary and Macroprudential Policies

This paper studies noncooperative games between a monetary authority and a macroprudential regulator whose objectives are a subset of those in the social loss function. The analysis is based on a New Keynesian model with a financial sector and a financial friction à la Gertler and Karadi (2011). When the friction affects the financing of all factors of production equally, macroprudential policy is shown to be a powerful additional tool, fully eliminating inefficiencies, regardless of the source of the shock and no matter whether the central bank and the regulator cooperate. But when trade‐offs are present and policy is discretionary, the institutional arrangements become crucial. While coordination leads to higher welfare than a setting in which each authority takes the decision rule of the other as given (namely, the Nash equilibrium), our analysis shows that a noncooperative setting in which the macroprudential authority acts as a leader within the period can be superior to cooperation. Finally, our conclusions are unaffected by whether the macroprudential instrument affects funding costs or acts as a liquidity requirement.     

通货紧缩压力与当前货币政策选择问题研究

近年来随着经济和物价指标的下滑,我国面临的通缩压力及其政策应对等问题受到持续关注。本文在回顾历史经验和梳理前期文献的基础上,对通过货币扩张治理通缩的效率问题进行了理论分析,并利用2005年1月—2014年12月的宏观经济数据构建MS-FAVAR模型用以研究了不同经济区制下物价与主要宏观变量之间的动态关系。研究结果表明,货币政策效率的非对称性在我国非常明显,受信贷顺周期和财政扩张挤出等因素的影响,如果在紧缩条件下轻易选择激进政策加速货币扩张,对治理通缩和拉动经济的效果可能并不理想。本文建议,当前应继续保持货币供给平稳增长并调整信贷结构,同时根据国外经济情况的变化,利用各项改革制度的实施在需求端寻找缓解通缩压力的机会。     

2003中国货币政策盘点

2003年中国货币政策可谓好戏连台,从年初开始闹得沸沸扬扬的人民币汇率问题,到年中掀起轩然大波的"121"房贷政策,然后再到下半年于无声处听惊雷的准备金率调整,最后在年底又悄然推动利率市场化,无不成为各界关注的焦点.     

我国资产价格泡沫与货币政策

研究资产价格与货币政策的关系是一个重大研究课题。本文试图对资产价格泡沫现状与危害、资产价格泡沫形成原因及在资产泡沫下的货币政策操作问题作一探讨。     

美联储货币政策走向何方？

今后美联储货币政策的不确定性,将进一步增大世界各国货币政策协调的不确定性和难度,发达国家是否能够与美国协调一致需要取决于各自的具体经济形势,而不是一味地与美国保持统一,新兴经济体国家则更倾向于依据形势的发展变化来调整符合本国国情的货币政策     

美国联邦所得税政策的变迁

美国联邦所得税是美国联邦税制结构中的主体税种,美国联邦税收政策集中体现于美国联邦所得税政策,研究美国联邦所得税政策有助于我们全面把握美国税收政策的走向。美国联邦所得税政策变迁可以划分为六个主要的阶段。