Recollections of My Career

Editorial Note:Professor Sumitro Djojohadilcusomo is one of the principal architects of Indonesia's post-independence economic policy. He has held key economic portfolios in both the immediate post-independence era and in the New Order. In addition, as Professor of Economics at the University of Indonesia, and as a tireless lecturer and writer on economic issues, he has been instrumental in shaping the education of several generations of economics students in Indonesia, many of whom are now in key government positions. At the end of August, Professor Sumitro generously agreed to be interviewed on his long career by two members of the BIES editorial board, Anne Booth and Thee Kian Wie. In preparing this interview for publication, the editors have tried to preserve Professor Sumilro's own words to the greatest extent possible; his lucid and entertaining remarks are thus reproduced with a minimum of editing. The interview began with a question to Professor Sumitro about his early training in economies.     

Recollections of My Career

The Bulletin's occasional series of interviews with the older generation of economists has so far focused upon those who have served as ministers or held high positions in the civil service. A rather different perspective on economic conditions and economic policy under the Old Order is offered here by one of Indonesia's veteran pribumi (indigenous) entrepreneurs, Soedarpo Sastrosatomo, best known for his involvement with Bank Niaga and the Samudera Indonesia shipping group. Notable as one of the few pribumi to have survived in the forefront of business since the early years of Independence, he aimed in his business ventures to be an agent of soaoeconomic progress, a goal for which he is still working. His experience covers the fields of importing, office machines and computers (Soedarpo Corporation, est. 1952), insurance (Asuransi Bintang, est. early 1955), banking (Bank Niaga, est. late 1955) and, in the transport industry, agencies, stevedoring, shipping and freight forwarding (Samudera Indonesia and associated firms, 1964 onwards).

In view of the priority given after Independence to fostering the emergence of an indigenous business elite and the generally disappointing results, an underlying theme is that elusive factor of production, entrepreneurship. The interview therefore devotes some attention to Soedarpo's atypical family and educational background, as a prelude to his acquisition of banking skills and foreign contacts during a posting to the United Nations in New York (1948–50). By 1952, when he embarked on a business career, he was still inexperienced but better prepared than most of his contemporaries. The middle sections of the interview focus on the problems of capital formation, import licensing and inflation under the Old Order. Finally, Samudera Indonesia's role in the development of Indonesia's deepsea liner shipping is traced from the mid 1960s into the 1980s, showing how, even for a mature enterprise, survival still depends upon a judicious combination of local knowkdge, foreign Connections, and scarce capital.     

Recollections of My Career

Teuku Mohamad Daud, a pioneer Indonesian entrepreneur, was born in Perlak, Aceh, in 1920. Educated in Aceh and Jakarta, he joined the fledgling Indonesian National Army (TNI) at the proclamation of independence in 1945. Charged with procuring military equipment for the TNI Sumatra Command based at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Mr Daud was forced to finance the procurement by smuggling agricultural commodities, with the help of his uncle, Teuku Abdul Hamid Azwar. In 1947, at the suggestion of Vice President Hatta, Mr Daud and his uncle established Indonesia's first state-owned general trading company, the Central Trading Corporation (CTC, renamed PN Tri Bhakti in 1961, and later PN Panca Niaga), based in Bukittinggi. Mr Daud became a director of CTC while remaining on the TNI staff, and was later President Director until his resignation in 1966. He and several colleagues then established a group of private companies, engaged mainly in construction work.

On 1 October 1996 and again in June 1997, Mr Daud talked with Howard Dick and Thee Kian Wie of the BIES Editorial Board about his experiences in running CTC, both during Indonesia's revolutionary struggle and in the early period of independence, and about his views on the role of government in commerce. References to current government policy relate to the Soeharto administration.     

Recollections of My Career

Mohammad Sadli, Professor Emeritus in the University of Indonesia's Faculty of Economics and Chairman of the Institute for Research and Development (LP3E) of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin), is one of the group of economists who fashioned Indonesian economic policy under the New Order government after it took power in 1965. He was Chairman of the Technical Committee for Capital Investment (1967–73), Minister of Manpower (1971–73), Minister of Mining (1973–78), Secretary-General of Kadin, and later LP3E-Kadin's first director. Despite retiring from the University in 1987, Professor Sadli continues to write and give seminars in Indonesia and abroad. In 1992 he granted an interview to Thee Kian Wie and Chris Manning of the BIES Editorial Board, and discussed his career, economic policy formulation in the early years of the New Order, and issues such as foreign investment, manpower and labour relations, the 1975 Pertamina crisis and government-private sector interaction.     

Recollections of An Itinerant Career

Of the many foreign social scientists who have carried out fieldwork in Indonesia since the second world war, few have gone on to reach the eminence of Professor Clifford Geertz. His books, written largely on the basis of his work in Java and Bali in the 1950s, have become classics. They have inspired a vast amount of debate and subsequent research on issues as diverse as the anthropology of religion and the economics of agricultural development, both in Indonesia and in other parts of the developing world. In 1986 Professor Geertz spent six months revisiting his original fieldwork site in Pare, East Java. During a visit to Canberra in late 1987, he gave the following interview to Anne Booth and Jamie Mackie. The interview began with a question on how the original decision came to be made for a group of Harvard graduate students to mount a team study of Pare in 1952.     

Recollections of My Careerlections of My Career

Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, Professor Emeritus of the Faculty of Economics at the University of Indonesia (FEUI), was born in Solo, Central Java, in December 1927. After participating in the war of independence, he resumed his secondary education in Malang, completing it in 1949. He then studied economics at the University of Indonesia (UI) and later became a teaching assistant there. Suhadi spent two years doing postgraduate study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later obtained a PhD in economics at the University of California at Berkeley. Returning to Indonesia and his teaching post at FEUI, he became editor of the journal Economics and Finance in Indonesia (EKI). He was Head of the R&D Agency in the Department of Trade from 1973 to 1975 and again in 1983-88, and Director General of Foreign Trade from 1975 to 1983. Professor Suhadi served as the Representative of the Government of Indonesia in the Uruguay Round when it was launched in 1986, and since 1992 has been a member of the Eminent Persons Group of the APEC (Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. His other activities include membership of Indonesia's National Research Council (DRN), and of organisations such as the Regional Advisory Board of the ASEAN Economic Bulletin, the journal of the ASEAN Economic Research Unit of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore. He is now also Vice Chairman of the Jakarta-based Trade and Development Institute. On 8 July 1994, Professor Suhadi talked with H.W. Arndt, Hal Hill and Thee Kian Wie about his views on Indonesia's economic development under the New Order, and particularly about trade policy. On 19 September 1995, in a second interview with H.W. Arndt, Mari Pangestu and Thee Kian Wie, he elaborated further on his work at the Ministry of Trade and his participation in the Uruguay Round and the APEC Eminent Persons Group (EPG).     

乡关何处

每当别人谈到故乡、以及有关故乡的话题时,我就无法插话,心里也是一片茫然、惆怅。我不知道怎样来进入这个话题,又怎样来讲述我的故乡。故乡这个词汇总是有一种离开的含义。一个人曾经在某一块土地上出生、成长,到了一定的年龄,大多是青年的时候,离     

员工辞职救了我的企业

自以为没受金融危机影响，但员工一个个辞职离去，给老板敲醒了警钟。危机时刻，重新审视做了十年的企业，并及时进行了全面调整，企业才在这次危机中立于不败之地     

我的眼里只有你

近两年,电动汽车进入我们的视野.电动汽车可以广泛利用多种能源,有效利用夜间低谷电力,具有能源实际利用效率高、能实现车辆行驶中的"零排放"、噪声污染小等显著特点.特别足具有明显的节能和环保效益.但目前由于车用动力电池性能与价格的原因,电动汽车价格高于燃油车,续驶里程也较短.对于电动车前景,投资者是充满信心的.但是,作为普通民众,又是怎么看待这个问题的?     

外国学者对职业生涯管理的研究

随着经济全球化进程的加快和后工业社会的到来,组织不得不越来越频繁地进行各种变革,这对企业和员工的职业管理提出了严峻的挑战。在这种形势下,企业和员工应当积极地采取各种有效的行为策略,以加强对职业生涯的管理,从而实现员工的职业成功。     

梦幻记旅

关于行走的记忆 　　7月26日,我们一行5人从哈密出发了. 　　同行老周说这是一次艰难之旅.我却一直认为这是一次山水、民情和古老文化的沐浴.我对于西域山水的钟爱一直就是用嚎叫的方式来表达或者发泄的.在我的旅途上任何的“极限“都是一种幸福和快乐. 　　……     

无边界职业生涯时代的就业能力

无边界职业生涯时代来临,雇员从追求终身就业保障转而追求终身就业能力保障。文章通过访谈、现场问卷调查的方法,得出无边界职业时代的就业能力主要包括：环境适应力、意志力、专业技能、自我学习能力和人际沟通能力。自我学习能力的认同程度在性别上存在显著差异,其他4个指标在性别上差异不显著。环境适应力、意志力、专业技能、自我学习能力的认同程度在职位上存在显著差异,人际沟通能力在职位上的差异不显著。     

会计学专业大学生职业规划教育

当前,大学生就业形势日益严峻,各高校采取各种方式指导大学生就业,其中大学生职业规划指导是一种很重要的方式,但目前的指导大多是泛泛而谈。本文试图将职业规划和会计学专业结合起来谈谈该专业大学生职业规划教育问题。     

对企业利润分享式人力资本投资博弈模型的创建及其应用分析

现代管理的核心问题是人 ,对人的认识和管理是管理学的核心问题。由于东西方文化对人的认识的差异性 ,决定了在学习、借鉴西方的管理理论和经验时 ,要结合中国实际 ,要创造中国特色的管理学。     

蒲自庆和他的燃情事业--重庆燃气(集团)公司董事长、总经理蒲自庆访谈录

重庆拥有得天独厚的天然气资源,重庆是天然气开发利用最早、用气规模最广的现代化大城市;在推进重庆经济社会发展的进程中,重庆燃气（集团）公司在以董事长、总经理蒲自庆为首的领导班子带领下,强化燃气企业的公共性、公益性、基础性的管理服务功能,在打造重庆燃气品牌、创建全国和谐劳动关系模范企业、全国文明单位,实施优势扩张,建设企业文化等诸多方面,创下了令人瞩目的辉煌业绩,为重庆经济社会发展作出了巨大贡献。重庆燃气（集团）公司改革发展的历程和成果,标志着现代企业发展的方向,具有极其重要的典范意义;为此,本刊记者专访了重庆燃气（集团）公司董事长兼总经理蒲自庆。[编者按]