安徽省金融支持特色农业发展问题研究

安徽是农业大省,发展特色农业是安徽提高农业生产力、农业增产、农民增收的现实选择。金融是现代经济的核心,发展特色农业需要金融的大力支持。而安徽省金融支农还不能满足特色农业发展对金融服务的需求。通过分析金融支农存在的问题,提出了改善农村金融服务特色农业发展的政策建议。     

Development policy and water services in South Africa: an urban poverty perspective

This paper explores the impact of overall macroeconomic development policy on water service delivery policy and urban poverty in South Africa. It scrutinises ambiguous definitions of ‘urban’ in the literature, which tend to obscure the extent of urban poverty in this country. This is crucial given that a large proportion of the urban poor live in informal settlements, which are sometimes lumped with rural areas. Informal settlements are generally characterised by limited essential services such as housing, water supply, storm-water facilities and sanitation services. Water services, like other social services, retain the racial imprint of apartheid. Consequently, water policy in South Africa attempts to address water issues from an equity perspective. By analysing the effects of the tariff subpolicy within the water policy, the paper recommends that free basic water should be made available only to poor households.     

基于逻辑模型的村级工业园改造评价——以广州市为例

以村级工业园改造为主要对象的集体工业用地更新是存量土地开发与城市经济转型的重要力量。基于逻辑模型评价框架,构建资源投入-行动响应-成果产出-综合效益四维度评价概念模型,采用定性分析为主,综合运用部门统计数据、文献和实地调研资料,以广州市为例对村级工业园改造进行总体评价。基于评估结论提出,为推动村级工业园改造实现高质量发展应拓展投资渠道、强化长远整体规划、实施精准招商、创新治理机制、通过政策性引导约束无序竞争。     

Urban agriculture in South Africa: Policy issues from the international experience

Recently, an increase has been observed in the practices of urban food gardening and the cultivation of vacant land on the peripheries of South Africa's metropolitan areas. In this paper it is argued that urban agriculture represents an issue of considerable importance for South African policy makers. A review is undertaken of research on informal agriculture in Asian and African cities. On the basis of this International review certain suggestions are offered for policy debates and research in South Africa.     

The informal food marketing system in urban environments: Case studies of Kagiso and Orange Farm

The rapid development of urban townships and the failure of the formal sector to meet the township demand have led to the emergence of informally organised marketing systems, which have certain advantages over their formal counterparts. This note presents the findings of a study on the informal marketing of vegetables and fruit in two townships of Gauteng Province, namely Kagiso and Orange Farm. The data collection procedures are discussed first and then the results are presented with regard to the kinds of vegetables and fruit sold, their pricing, supply and transport, and the constraints faced by informal traders.     

乡村振兴战略背景下贵州省新型城镇化发展路径

贵州省新型城镇化的发展能够推动地区经济,也是实现乡村振兴战略的重要路径。贵州省城镇化建设过程中存在着城乡之间差距大、城乡公共基础设施配置不均等问题。通过研究贵州省城镇化发展现状,指出贵州省新型城镇化发展过程存在的问题,从完善城乡空间布局、挖掘乡村资源、加强生态环境保护、完善政策制度体系、探索创新模式5个方面,提出贵州省新型城镇化发展路径。     

Monitoring and evaluation of women's rural development extension services in South Africa

In South Africa, rural women's extension services are frequently based on the Western, middle-class ideology of a woman's place being in the private or domestic sphere of the home. Consequently, almost all extension services have a home economics feature which advocates the teaching of Western-type domestic skills, such as sewing, crocheting, knitting, cookery and child care, to name a few. The home economics extension services offered to rural women are inappropriate and ineffective in relation to women's triple role pertaining to reproductive, economic and community managing activities. Furthermore, most of the extension services are irrelevant to the real conditions of poverty prevailing in rural areas. Much of the planning of extension services is based on the needs of rural communities as decided by policy planners. Even where participatory approaches have been adopted, the monitoring and evaluation of progress made in achieving the objectives are often neglected. This article defines the concepts of monitoring and evaluation, explains their purposes in rural extension services, identifies suitable indicators for measuring sustainability of programmes, and highlights appropriate methods for collecting, handling and analysing data. In recognition of the inadequacies of and confusion in women's rural extension programmes, the article encourages reorientation of the processes used in monitoring and evaluating agricultural and rural development extension services in South Africa.     

Youth engagement in agricultural policy processes in Malawi

This study assesses the nature of networking between youth and agricultural policy-makers – given youth disillustionment with agricultural livelihoods. Using the Malawi case, a mixed-methods approach shows, first, that local government departments which are mandated to work on youth issues are the main hubs of information for youth in agriculture. The Ministry of Agriculture plays a secondary role. Second, the study shows that youth in agriculture have little or no direct interactions with each other. Therefore, youth remain on the periphery of agricultural policy-making and their role in shaping agricultural policy dialogue is negligible. This is attributable to both lack of a deliberate government policy to include the youth and lack of a unified youth platform. The onus is therefore on the youth to ensure that they are effectively engaged in agricultural policy dialogue. The study concludes with policy recommendations relevant for countries with a ‘youth/agriculture’ problem like Malawi.     

Cultural policy and urban regeneration in Western European cities: lessons from experience, prospects for the future

This paper reviews the uses of cultural policy and planning as tools of urban regeneration in western European cities. Following a brief assessment of the evolution of European cultural policy in recent decades, the paper studies the origins and development of the European City/Capital of Culture programme and explores the experience of cities considered to have succeeded in re-imaging and regenerating themselves through cultural activity and special events. The paper ends with a reflection on the notion of cultural planning and its potential as an integrated alternative to urban cultural policy, and offers recommendations for further development within the UK context.     

县域城镇化政策创新的着力点

当前县域城镇化面临着一些政策障碍,亟待解决。文章从发展规划、产业发展、农民进城、城镇建设、管理服务等关系到县域城镇化的重要方面探讨县域城镇化政策创新,以期为相关机构提供决策参考。     

低碳经济时代下山西都市农业发展的实证研究

都市农业是融生产、生活、生态等多功能于一体的高层次、高品位的一种崭新的农业形式,近年来在国内外进行了广泛的研究与实践。本文基于低碳经济的研究背景,结合山西省情,对山西省都市农业的发展进行了SWOT分析,并构建了因子分析模型,进行实证分析。研究结果表明:山西省南部的晋城、长治和运城的都市农业发展水平最高;太原、忻州的都市农业发展水平最低。最后,提出山西省都市农业发展的对策建议。     

Transport expenditure and affordability: The cost of being mobile

Measuring and understanding the transport expenditure patterns of households and individuals is critically important for formulating pro-poor transport policies, as well as for monitoring their effectiveness. This paper reviews evidence on transport expenditure and affordability in South Africa, focusing especially on low-income and mobility constrained persons. The results indicate that a person's location along the urban–rural continuum significantly affects both their transport expenditure levels and the perceived severity of their transport affordability problems. Public transport users in displaced urban settlements and isolated deep rural locations and medium-income car commuters in suburbs and urban townships face the highest transport expenditure and affordability problems. Disabled and elderly people were found to have similar expenditure patterns and perceptions as travellers at large. Spatially targeted interventions in both transport supply and land use policy are suggested to address transport affordability problems in South Africa.     

都市农业综合发展水平评价及影响因素分析——以吉林省长春市为例

本文在构建都市农业综合发展水平评价指标体系的基础上,实证分析了长春市都市农业的综合发展水平及影响因素。研究发现,长春市的都市农业正步入发展建设阶段,并受到农业经营主体素质,土地经营规模,投资及农产品市场化程度等因素的制约。其中财政对农业支出和全社会农业生产投资是影响都市农业发展的主导因素,同时农产品的市场化程度、土地经营规模以及农民科技文化素质也依次对长春市都市农业的发展产生较大影响。     

宁波加快推进港口经济的思考

港口经济作为宁波发展的特色优势,已经成为推动宁波经济发展的重要引擎。面临新的发展形势,如何又好又快地推进宁波港口经济的发展成为一个值得关注的问题。本文从宁波港口经济发展的现状出发,对其存在的问题进行剖析,并从加快"三位一体"港航物流服务体系建设、建立宁波港口物流战略联盟、做强做优临港工业等几个方面提出了对策建议。     

Problems and prospects for the development of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun,Botswana

This paper draws on the tourism system framework to examine the problems and prospects of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun, Botswana. These are young centres that have a growing number of tourist attractions, facilities and services that could promote urban tourism. The findings of this study, based on both secondary and primary data sources, indicate that urban tourism in Botswana is relatively undeveloped because there is no substantial domestic market, tourist attractions in urban centres are poorly developed and marketed, and city development plans and the national tourism policy are not integrated. The study concludes that, for tourism to become a viable economic sector in the country, urban tourism should be integrated into Botswana's tourism policy and city planning.     

对统筹新疆城乡就业问题的探讨

党的十六届三中全会明确提出了“五个统筹”，其中，统筹城乡就业不仅是统筹城乡发展的重要内容，而且也贯穿于其他几个重要统筹之中。当前，扩大内需、维护社会和谐稳定、缩小城乡差别、改善民生等都对统筹城乡就业提出了现实的要求和全新的内涵。本文在就业与统筹城乡发展提出的背景下，对新疆城乡居民就业现状进行了分析，同时指出了统筹城乡就业的政策障碍，在此基础上提出了统筹新疆城乡就业的政策建议。     

Access to the agricultural market for small farmers in Southern Africa: The farmer support programme

Two recent events have led to a re‐evaluation of the appropriate approach to agricultural development in the self‐governing and independent national states in Southern Africa. First, the support and establishment of private farmers is generally emphasized in the agricultural development policies of these states. Although no clear‐cut strategies for implementation have emerged, greater attention is being given to research on the small farmer approach which is prominent in the literature on agricultural development. Second, an investigation into the financing of agriculture in the self‐governing and independent national states has recently been concluded within the system for multilateral co‐operation between the SATBVC states. The proposals emanating from this investigation also conform with the principles of the small farmer approach. The purpose of this paper is to motivate the need for a small farmer approach, and to show how the principles of this approach can be transformed into operational policy. In this regard the design of a farmer support programme is discussed.     

Grain crop capacity forecast as the basis for agricultural output prediction

Medium-term forecasting of grain crop capacity is considered, which is one of the central problems in the procedures of working out federal-and regional-level agricultural and food policy, and in the development programs of agricultural enterprises. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the grain crop capacity indicator the authors suggest a special algorithm for a medium-term forecasting. Possible applications for this algorithm are shown with reference to specific commodity producers. Methodological recommendations are given for forecasting regional-level agricultural production.     

粮食生产波动影响因素的实证分析——以江西省为例

本文以江西省为例,实证分析了江西省粮食波动状况及其影响因素,结论认为,政府的农业支出支持政策、农业劳动力的投入和粮食播种面积是影响粮食产出的主要因素。最后,本文提出了推动粮食持续、稳定发展的相关政策建议。     

Agricultural extension system reform and agent time allocation in China

We conducted a nationally representative survey to measure the impact of China's institutional reforms in public agricultural extension on the time allocation of its one million agricultural extension agents. We found that Chinese agents spent much less time than their titles would suggest on providing agricultural extension services, and that agents whose base salaries were funded fully or partially by commercial activities spent substantially less time serving farmers. The institutional incentives associated with the source of funding have a much larger effect on agent time allocation than do the levels of funding. We conclude that the recent government policy to separate commercial activities from extension services is a step in the right direction and should be expanded. The results also suggest that, at least for agricultural extension, the goal of many national governments and international donors to develop locally financing institutions to sustain development projects may be misguided.