我国城市社区业主委员会之探究——从立法论的视角

目前,我国城市社区发展迅猛,随之社区管理中出现了一些自治组织。而与业主共同权益关系最紧密的就是业主委员会,我国有关法律法规对业主委员会的定位非常模糊,以至于实践中产生了诸多问题,如对业主委员会的产生、法律地位等界定不清。本文拟从立法论的角度来探讨一下业主委员会的相关法律问题。     

郑州市物业管理领导小组办公室关于推行住宅小区业主代表协调委员会的指导意见郑物[2011]4号

为了健全和完善住宅小区物业管理制度,充分发挥业主在物业管理活动中的主体作用,创新业主大会、业主委员会成立前,业主自我管理模式,促进和谐社区建设.现结合我市实际,制定住宅小区业主代表协调委员会指导意见. 一、指导思想 以国务院《物业管理条例》、《郑州市物业管理条例》、住建部《业主大会和业主委员会指导规则》等法规制度为指导,以《郑州市物业管理纳入社区建设工作的意见》、《郑州市加强社区物业管理工作的实施意见》等政策要求为依据,坚持"社区主导、业主参与、自我管理、权责一致"的总体思路,积极拓宽业主自我管理渠道,搭建相关责任主体之间的沟通平台,实现住宅小区日常管理有组织、自我服务有途径、协调议事有制度的社区物业管理新局面,推动社区物业管理健康有序发展,逐步实现全市住宅小区业主委员会的全覆盖.     

业主团体法人治理制度是发展方向

2003年6月颁布的《物业管理条例》为我国商品房住宅小区的物业管理设计了全体业主组成业主大会,业主大会为小区物业管理的权力机构,业主管理委员会(简称“业委会”)为业主大会执行机构的业主自治管理机制和制度。遵循这样的制度安排,在更深入的物业管理实践中一些基础的深层面的问题浮出水面成为焦点,如业主大会或业主委员会的法律地位、业主     

《物业管理条例》确立的七项基本制度

为了规范物业管理活动,维护物业管理当事人的合法权益,《物业管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)突出建章立制的重要作用,确立了以下七项物业管理的基本制度。一是,业主大会制度。各地在物业管理实践中,大多采用业主委员会制度,即由业主召开会议,选举产生业主委员会,代表全体业主行使有关物业管理的权利。从实践效果来看,业主委员会制度对物业管理行业的发展起到过一定的促进作用。但由于该制度集决策和执行于一体,缺乏有效的监督机制,难以体现全体业主的意愿,有违权责一致的原则。在实践中,有少数业主委员会成员侵害大多数业主的利益,也有的住宅…     

建筑物区分所有权人管理团体法律地位之中外对比

我国物权法规定,业主可以设立业主大会,作为区分所有权人管理团体的最高意思机构。业主大会之下,设有业主委员会,作为意思执行机构,负责日常管理事务。对于业主管理团体的法律人格问题我国目前尚未定论,法国、德国、日本、我国香港的物业管理法律制度均确认业主管理团体的法律人格。笔者认为其法律性质为非法人组织,并肯定业主委员会的诉讼地位的说法,在诉讼中享有诉讼的主体资格;业主委员会能参与诉讼的范围限于保护业主的共同权益。     

论我国业主委员会制度的缺陷及其完善

业主委员会是广大业主实现自律自治的前提和关键,但由于我国业主委员会发展较晚,立法不完善,至今还存在着许多缺憾。本文从分析诸如业主委员会法律地位不明确,组建困难,经费难,缺乏对业主的约束机制,成员多为义务工,缺乏相应的利益保障等缺陷入手,找出其中存在的问题和导致缺憾的原因,并提出相应的对策。     

建筑物区分所有权制度变化及影响

<正>新增居民委员会对设立业主大会和选举业主委员会指导和协助职能,有利于帮助业主提升法律素养和自治能力,提高业主大会和业主委员会的成立率;也有利于协调业主和物业管理人之间的关系,促进物业管理关系的和谐发展。《民法典》将对物业管理产生深远影响,本文主要通过对《民法典》物权编第六章"业主的建筑物区分所有权"与     

业委会发展的困境及其突破

城市社区业主委员会担负着推进城市社区建设、深化基层社会自治、培育公民社会的责任。就当前我国城市社区业主委员会的发展状况来看,业主委员会正面临着发展困境,集中表现为业委会与业主及其他治理主体间的权利矛盾关系、业委会作为"代议式"治理机构所存在的内部问题。协商民主承认多元利益,倡导在公共利益原则主导下多元主体平等、理性地参与公共事务的决策,其理念与制度设计有助于破解城市社区业主委员会的发展困境,有利于突破社区治理的瓶颈。     

中国基层社区业主组织建设任重道远——对业委会组织与制度建设的思考与展望

我们国家2007年颁布《物权法》以来，在建筑物区分所有权的法律框架内，广大业主积极参与基层社区业主组织建设的热情远远超过各级政府参与推动的力度，这既客观反映了《物权法》一一“建筑物区分所有权”的立法原意及其法治精神，又充分体现了业主在共有物权激励下主动参与集体行动的原动力。业主白发的集体行动不仅维护了社会的公平与正义，而且使社区治理进入了良性的轨道，这是公民社会的特征，这是中国社会的进步！ 毋庸置疑，在中国现行的制度框架内，业主自发的集体行动能否成功很大程度取决于各级政府和职能部门的支持力度。从近期中央政府颁布的有关加强基层建设的政策法规可以预见：中央政府在未来的若干年里将加强对街道居民委员会的领导，加大对基层组织建设的财政支持和资源配给，这无疑为与街道居民委员会有着密切联系的社区业主组织带来成长与发展的机遇。     

国企整体上市中出资人监督机制应解决的几个问题

在我国企业制度转轨或并轨背景下,国有企业整体上市中出资人监督机制应解决以下几方面问题:重构出资人监督机制以避免两种不同法律性质的监事会衔接的困难;外派监事将面临监督或负责对象、问责机制等变化带来的法律障碍及风险进一步研究;外派监事会治理机制内生化的合理性及有效性;相关法律法规体系之修改与完善也刻不容缓;如果要推进国务院国有资产管理委员会直接持股实践,应尽快解决其法律地位和功能重新定位以及民商事主体意识和能力提高等问题。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。