人工智能视角下创新管理研究综述与未来展望

人工智能作为全球新一轮科技革命和产业革命的核心驱动力，将对创新本身带来深刻变革。在回顾人工智能创新管理研究文献基础上，从技术、制度、组织和法律理论视角入手，分别对人工智能视角下技术创新路径、创新政策、创新模式与知识产权制度创新进行系统梳理与评述，在此研究基础上提出并界定“机器创新”这一新的技术创新模式，丰富了该领域的理论研究。结合人工智能视角下的创新管理研究现状，针对系统视角下人工智能领域创新生态系统研究空白，绘制出人工智能视角下未来创新管理研究的4条路径，并对未来研究进行展望。     

公司治理视角下企业创新研究脉络与热点图谱量化分析

为全面客观分析不同公司治理机制对企业创新的影响，基于Web of Science数据库2000-2019年463篇公司治理视角下企业创新研究文献，运用CiteSpace 软件绘制文献时空分布、双期刊叠加、文献共引及聚类、关键词时区等知识图谱，厘清研究分布情况、脉络轨迹及发展前沿。结果表明，文献数量逐年提高且尚未达到峰值，美国、中国为高产国家，该领域研究存在不同学科期刊间的知识流动。研究视角划分为创新决策动态视角、特定股权背景视角、委托代理视角，形成了以所有权结构、董事会职能及高管治理对企业创新影响为基础的研究主题框架，研究热点和前沿随公司治理主体关注重点变化和创新类别细化发生动态演进。最后，针对研究薄弱环节，提出未来研究方向。     

电子政务的绩效评估及发展创新

该文以科学发展观为视角,解析我国电子政务发展中的问题及原因,探讨我国绩效评估中的理念创新、战略创新、体制创新、方法创新和环境创新。试图通过这些不同层次的绩效评估创新,从思想和体制机制入手,促进我国电子政务建设走向精细化、可持续化的健康发展之路。     

技术创新理论模型的多维解读

本文从适用性、过程、知识、条件、领导力等五个维度对影响较大的经典创新模型理论进行深入分析,试图全面地再现作为一个完整体系的创新理论的各角度轮廓。适用性视角下的模型探讨有企业与新创企业这两种类型企业与渐近式或突破式创新之间的最佳匹配关系;过程视角下的模型则将创新划分为若干差异显著的不同阶段,逐个探讨各阶段创新的本质特征,以及技术在各阶段中的演化规律;知识视角下的模型探讨了产品的不同结构所涉及的不同类型知识、它们对于创新的影响以及产品的知识含量不同所产生的不同效应;条件视角下的创新模型则分别从微观和宏观的角度,试图识别除了技术要素之外对于创新成功以及竞争优势的确立产生影响的条件因素;领导力视角下的创新模型的研究焦点集中于管理者应该如何根据自身对于技术的熟悉度选择最有效的创新机制,以及领导力对于创新的作用。     

基于资源视角的创新开放度研究:一个理论框架

从创新资源的视角,分析了横向资源、纵向资源、官产学研资源和商业中介资源4类创新资源的特点,并结合开放广度和开放深度两个维度构建了基于不同类型创新资源的创新开放模型,制定了针对不同类型创新资源的组合开放策略,提出了相应的管理对策和建议,并对未来研究进行了展望。     

半虚拟创新团队中虚拟性概念界定与量表开发

个性化创新成为“随经济”时代企业跨界合作、迭代创新的竞争优势,广泛存在的半虚拟创新团队是契合“随经济”实现创新的最小单元。虚拟性作为半虚拟创新团队的特性,对团队各方面都能产生影响。基于虚拟性对半虚拟创新团队的作用,从边界视角和技术视角出发,结合质性研究和量化研究,从成员合作特点中提取虚拟性概念内涵,解构虚拟性维度,开发测量量表。研究发现,虚拟性在半虚拟创新团队中普遍存在,且表现差异、程度不同,虚拟性维度主要表现在3个方面：团队成员多样性、沟通信息丰富度以及虚拟工具依赖度。     

服务创新内涵及其研究视角

服务经济时代的到来,使得推动服务业发展的服务创新越来越受到重视。但在服务创新内涵的界定方面,不同的学者从不同的视角进行了界定,不同的界定的侧重点各不相同,在回顾以往学者的界定的同时,提出了自己的观点。同时,在服务创新的研究视角方面,经历了一个从注重技术因素到注重服务自身特性再到兼顾技术因素与服务自身特性的整合视角,在回顾以往学者研究的基础上,提出了服务创新的进一步研究方向。     

技术惯域演进视角下“二元式”创新战略选择研究

在复杂的超竞争环境下,企业快速响应环境变化、开发新产品和新技术是其生存发展的关键。企业如何在创新实践中运用探索式创新和开发式创新变得尤为重要(将探索式创新和开发式创新归纳为"二元式"创新)。运用案例研究方法,基于技术惯域演进视角,探索了技术惯域的变动态、渐稳态、稳变态(刚形态)对"二元式"创新战略选择的影响,在研究中以江苏恒立高压油缸股份有限公司1990-2014年探索式创新和开发式创新战略选择为案例,探讨了企业在技术惯域演进各个阶段进行"二元式"创新战略的路径选择,从内生角度为企业创新战略选择提供理论支撑。     

开放式创新导向—能力与创新绩效——CEO个性的调节作用分析

资源的广泛分布和信息技术的快速发展推动了创新模式从封闭走向开放.开放式创新如何促进企业绩效是管理者关注的焦点,成为战略管理和创新管理领域研究的重要内容.以往的研究基于组织层面,大部分集中于探讨开放度与创新绩效之间的直接关系,忽略了企业内部人的因素在开放式创新管理中的作用和影响.笔者在现有研究的基础上,拓展了自变量的内涵并增加了观测的视角,认为开放式创新导向—能力共同构成了影响企业创新绩效的关键因素.同时,CEO作为战略决策者,其个性对开放式创新实施的过程、范围、程度以及效果具有重要的影响.通过对国内208家企业为样本的实证分析,结果表明开放式创新导向—能力与企业创新绩效正相关;CEO个性对二者之间的关系起正向调节作用.     

主流创新生态系统与新流创新生态系统:概念界定及竞争与协同机制

基于复杂适应系统理论和全面创新管理理论,对主流创新系统和新流创新系统的内涵和特征等进行了界定,并从内外部适应性主体、创新要素客体等视角,阐述了两个系统的构成要素。在此基础上,利用复杂适应系统理论中的反应-刺激模型以及基于生态学中的物种竞争和协同视角,研究了主流创新系统和新流创新系统竞争和协同的演化机制,分析了两者在演化周期不同阶段的竞争和协同特征。     

Can open innovation improve firm performance? An investigation of financial information in the biopharmaceutical industry

Over the past decade, open innovation has seemingly become the dominant approach for revitalising a company’s innovation process. Can open innovation improve firm performance? This study optimises the measures for open innovation based on existing literature and by considering the actual situation in China. We draw conclusions from an analysis of 516 annual reports and data from Wind of 172 biopharmaceutical companies from 2013 to 2015. Result indicates that open innovation strategies have different effects at different times: (1) Inbound open innovation has a negative impact on short-term (1–2 years) firm performance, but an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship will develop after about 3 years. (2) Outbound open innovation has a negative impact on short-term firm performance, but leaves a positive effect in the long run. Therefore, enterprises should maintain a moderate inbound open innovation level and improve the degree of outbound open innovation to improve long-term performance.     

Explicating the market dimension in the study of digital innovation: a management framework for digital innovation

Digital innovation is gaining momentum among academics and business practitioners. Featuring increasingly cross-industry and multi-actor innovation processes, digital innovation reveals the inherent technology bias in the dominant perspectives on innovation. This study aims to transfer the focus from technology-centred ideas of digital innovation to a more balanced concept in which digital innovation is conceptualised as a combination of multiple needs and solutions linked to various actors and their behaviours. The study builds on a longitudinal case study. The article contributes by providing a partial response to the explicit calls for strategic frameworks that capture the process of digital innovation. Furthermore, the article explicates the market dimension of digital innovation and extends the analysis of the market dimension from a limited view of customer information and user knowledge to further include needs, actions, and behaviours of market actors directly or indirectly using, complementing, or substituting the digital innovation and innovation process.     

Is newest always best? Firm-level evidence to challenge a focus on high-capability technological (product or process) innovation

This paper sets out to address a gap in the empirical literature on the importance of ‘low-capability’ innovation for firms. The study is framed around discussion of the conceptual bias that remains in policy and academic literature towards a narrow subset of technological (product or process) innovation labelled ‘high-capability’ innovation in this paper. The paper argues that this bias influences the public and business community's understanding of the term ‘innovation’ and has implications for innovation measurement, research, policy and strategy. The study uses data from an economy-wide, regional innovation survey based on the Oslo manual, and includes 648 innovative firms covering all industry sectors. The paper combines elements of both subject and object approaches to innovation measurement, using data from an open-ended survey question to explore the alignment between what firms report as their ‘most important innovation’ (MII) and firm capabilities for introducing ‘high-capability’ technological innovation. Results show that a substantial share of firms report an MII that is a ‘low-capability’ innovation, including those firms with high R&D intensity, those with novel technological innovation, and firms in more innovative sectors of manufacturing and knowledge intensive business services. The paper discusses the implications of this result for future innovation measurement and research.     

基于灰色层次分析方法的企业生态创新系统主导力评价

历史的考察表明,企业进程的实然状态是非生态化的,而生态觉醒之后的企业发展的必然趋势是生态化,导致二者背离的恰恰是作为推动企业发展的“技术创新一利润”中轴。持续创新是企业生存与发展的基础,遍历世界所有持续创新的企业均是具有强劲的创新主导力的企业。本文基于可持续发展的视角,将生态理论引入企业创新系统主导力研究领域,建立了企业生态创新系统主导力评价模型,并运用灰色层次分析方法进行了实证研究,以探寻企业生态创新系统的特征及其存在性,揭示企业创新系统的规律,为企业创新主导力的培育提供理论基础。     

金融发展对中国高技术产业技术创新模式的影响

构建基于面板向量自回归模型的误差修正模型和脉冲响应函数,利用2001—2010年中国27个省级行政单位的面板数据,对中国金融发展的3个构成要素——金融发展规模、金融发展结构和银行发展效率与高技术产业的2种技术创新模式——产品创新和过程创新的关系进行实证分析。结果显示:金融发展与过程创新模式之间存在长期因果关系,但与产品创新模式之间不存在长期因果关系。得出结论:目前中国金融发展对技术创新的促进作用更多依靠金融发展规模的扩张而非银行发展效率的提升和金融结构的优化;鉴于产品创新是过程创新的目的和载体,目前存在较强的金融体系功能细化需求,该趋势下的产品创新与金融结构发展及银行效率的进一步拟合将进一步提升高技术产业的技术创新能力。     

A theory of innovation for process-based innovations such as nanotechnology

Many see Nanotechnology as the technology that will underlie the next Schumpeterian wave creating new opportunities for wealth and job creation. Further it is a process based or materials technology. Yet all currently used models of innovation are based on assembled products or service products and these simply do not recognize the differences in materials products nor the “enabling” nature of Nanotechnologies. If nanotechnology is poised to become the economic engine of this millennium and if current models of innovation, which are utilized, by policy makers and firm based strategist alike are based on technology product paradigms that are dissimilar to the realities of nanotechnology and other process-based technologies then there is cause for concern.Here the authors provide a model and supporting cases demonstrating a new process or materials based innovation model that is based on the tight coupling between product and process innovation of not only Nanotechnology-based products but other process-based products. This is an important finding, because it identifies and remedies a gap in the literature associated with earlier process and product innovation models. For process-based products like materials, food, chemicals and nanotechnologies any change to the manufacturing processes results in significant changes in end product features. The implications of this model to practice are considered.     

供应链环境下产品创新过程分析及评价研究

供应链环境下产品创新流程设计及对供应商的评价成为产品创新的关键。本文分析了知识经济条件下的产品创新的新模式,提出供应链环境下产品创新的基本流程,并进一步研究了基于成本-时间模型的产品创新供应链节点企业的评价模型。     

中国情形下企业创新的要素及选择机制

本文参考国内外有关创新影响因素的研究,结合调查问卷的结果,总结归纳出我国企业自主创新路径中的关键因素,这些关键因素包括管理层自主创新意愿、企业文化的创新程度、组织学习水平、创新投入水平、组织对创新的激励程度、技术机会能力和市场定位能力等。在确定了这些关键因素之后,本文进一步探讨这些因素之间的相互关系,认为在创新过程中,各要素从战略、组织行为和能力这三个层面形成一种彼此促进的机制,它决定着企业的创新方式和创新绩效,企业应根据自己的战略、能力和现有的技术状况,选取二次创新、集成创新和原始创新等适合自己的方式和方法,确保技术研发、新产品市场化以及后续发展这三个环节形成良性循环并最终完成自主创新。     

Exploring the mediating role of innovation in the effect of the knowledge management process on performance

The aim of this study is to explore the mediating role of innovation components in the relationship between knowledge management processes and performance. The research questions were investigated through questionnaires with top-level managers of a firm operating in the Turkish telecommunication industry. The results of the study indicated that knowledge management processes affect all innovation components. In addition to the direct effects of the knowledge management process on firm performance, marketing, product and process innovation are mediators in the relationship between the knowledge management process and performance. Finally, this research sheds light on how firms can manage their knowledge to gain a competitive advantage based on innovation.