基于产业集群生命周期的技术创新研究

产业集群是当今产业组织发展的重要特征之一,也是开展技术创新活动的重要组织形式。本文在回顾生命周期理论的基础上,结合产业集群的不同发展阶段分别研究了技术创新的特征,分析了我国目前产业集群技术创新的发展困境及其制约因素,并从政府、中介机构、集群企业三个层面上探讨了提升我国产业集群技术创新能力的有效途径。     

基于产业集群生命周期的企业竞争形态演进

在现代经济中,竞争是市场运行的基础,也是企业生存和发展的基本方式,但在产业集群这种特殊的组织中竞争是怎样的?本文首先明确了产业集群与竞争的关系,认为适度竞争会促进产业集群的良性发展而过度竞争则会阻碍甚至破坏集群发展。并基于产业集群的生命周期分析了周期各阶段产业集群内企业竞争形态演进,以及各演进阶段的特征。以期为产业集群内企业竞争的研究提供依据。     

企业集群网络的形成逻辑与集群网络构建路径分析

网络组织是为平衡企业内部协调成本和外部交易成本而出现的一种创新组织,企业的网络化发展,逐渐导致了产业的网络化,即产业集群的出现,这是现代企业组织形式发展的必然趋势。为顺应这一经济发展潮流,推动地方经济发展模式朝企业集群网络化方向发展,应选准一个主导产业,扶植几家支柱企业,发展大批中小专业企业,建设几个专业市场作为构建基于专业协作的企业集群网络的发展思路。     

产业集群的网络化关系及治理模式的多元化研究

随着产业集群的进一步深化,产业集群内部逐渐催生出一种新的力量,被称为产业集群治理。对于集群中参与到国际竞争中的企业来说,如何有效利用网络组织间的关系与互动,从外部网络中所包含的各种知识来提高自己的竞争能力,已经成为企业建立竞争优势的重要课题之一。本文在网络组织关系的视角下探究了产业集群的多元化治理模式,对于企业进一步发展竞争优势、产业集群内部的协同发展以及相关部门制定合理有效的政策有重大意义。     

产业集群效应的经济学分析

本文从产业集群形成机制与发展动力的角度出发,阐明了集群成为企业有效组织形式的原理在于它具备集群的集聚经济效应。同时从规模经济、交易费用、范围经济、协同效应等角度对产业集群的集聚经济效应进行了理论上的分析阐述。产业集群的群居性促使产业集群具有单个企业所不能拥有的集聚经济效应。企业在既定的条件下要想获得更大的规模效益,产业集群是切实可行的方案。     

产业集群竞争力的模糊综合评价分析

产业集群作为一种介于企业自治与市场自由交易之间的组织形态,已经成为各国区域经济发展的首选模式和产业发展的重要组织形式。在探讨产业集群竞争力内涵的基础上,构建了产业集群竞争力评价指标体系。由于评价指标的多层次性,以及大部分指标的难以量化性和模糊性,采用模糊综合评价模型来分析产业集群竞争力,并对江门摩托车产业集群进行实证分析。     

基于网络组织结构的创意产业集群创新机制的研究

创意产业集群模块化网络组织生产模式是为适应复杂多变的市场环境、变幻莫测的需求结构及信息和计算机技术的不断发展而产生的一种社会生产组织形式和企业管理模式,它能够为集群内的企业提供一个高效运作合作网络平台,使集群保持持续的竞争优势。中国创意产业集群在未来发展中应充分利用模块化的生产组织形式,在实现地理范围内的网络创新发展的同时,主动融入全球模块化生产网络中,以最大化分享创新收益。     

产业集群内企业战略联盟模式的选择

产业集群已经成为区域经济发展的增长点,是促进我国经济进一步发展的新动力。由于市场竞争环境的加剧,集群内企业之间关系的恶化,使得企业在发展中出现了很多问题,产业集群的整体实力也逐渐下降。本文利用集群和企业战略联盟的各自优势,将集群内企业形成一种特殊的组织形态,以实现企业价值链的有机组合,整体实力的提高,以获得长久的市场竞争优势。     

培育产业集群 促进威海区域经济发展

产业集群作为介于企业科层组织和市场组织之间的一种中间组织形式,在现代经济发展中成为区域经济发展的普遍特征。区域经济竞争优势很大程度上体现为地区特色的产业集群的竞争优势。本文从发展产业集群的角度出发,在分析威海市产业集群发展状况的基础上,对如何促进环渤海经济区重要城市之一的威海市区域经济发展提出建议。     

东北地区发展产业集群的模式选择

产业集群作为企业组织生产的高效形式，已越来越显示出其优势和强大的竞争力。本根据产业集群形成的三种模式分析了东北地区发展产业集群的模式选择和发展过程中应该注意的几个问题。     

Industrial clusters, transactions costs and the institutional determinants of MNE location behaviour

This paper discusses the institutional and organizational assumptions underlying many of the currently popular notions of industrial clustering. By adopting a transactions costs perspective, we explain that there are three fundamentally different types of industrial cluster. We then discuss how the institutional differences between each of these clusters provide different possibilities for the location behaviour of the multiplant or multinational firm. Using two examples from the global semiconductor industry, we show that observations of industrial clusters must be interpreted very carefully when we are discussing multinational firms. The reason for this is that many simple clustering notions are predicated on assumptions which are often incompatible with multinational firms. The potential advantages of industrial clustering can only be understood when location strategies are considered with respect to the organizational and institutional logic of both the firm and the cluster.     

Firm size,age, industrial networking,and growth: a case of the Korean manufacturing industry

This paper investigates the roles of firm size, age, and industrial networking in determining firm growth. Analyses using the 2-year panel data of 7,889 Korean manufacturing firms between 1994 and 2003 confirm that firm size and age have significant negative effects on firm growth and significant positive impacts on firm survival. R&D and export activities are found to facilitate both firm growth and survival. The primary focus of this study is to examine the effects of industrial networking, such as subcontracting and clustering, on firm growth. The results show that subcontracting does not yield any positive effect for firm growth, but encumbers survival, which may be accounted for by the high subcontracting intensity among small firms. Clustering, on the other hand, is found to promote firm growth and survival. There is, however, little evidence that such a positive effect of clustering is derived from network externalities through cooperation and competition among firms in a cluster per se.     

Firm Clustering and Specialization: A Study of Taiwan’s Machine Tool Industry

This study investigates links between firm clustering and firm specialization. The paper argues that firms located in multi-centered, locally owned industrial districts are likely to be relatively specialized. Based on data from 163 companies in Taiwan’s machine tool industry, this study finds support for a positive association between location in a multi-centered, locally owned industrial district and firm specialization.      

Optimal industrial policy in vertically related markets

This paper examines the optimal industrial policy for an industry with a vertical market structure. A home firm and a foreign firm both import an intermediate good from a third country to produce a final good. How the home country government sets the optimal industrial policy has to take account of both profit shifting between the two final good producers and between the intermediate good producer and the home firm. We explain how the optimal industrial policy depends on the slope of the demand curve, the levels of technology spillover and product differentiation. In particular, there exists a critical level of technology spillover at which investments of the firms are neither strategic substitutes nor complements and the optimal industrial policy is always investment tax.     

Entry,Growth and Patenting in Industrial Clusters: A Study of the Aerospace Industry in the UK

This paper studies how firm performance is influenced by the strength of the industrial cluster (or industrial district) in which it is located. The paper presents estimates of firm-level employment and patent growth models for a range of '5-digit' aerospace industries in the UK. In these models, employment in the firm's own sector and employment in other sectors is taken as a measure of the strength of the cluster. Strong positive clustering effects are found in many sectors, but nevertheless some clustering effects are negative. Entry into clusters of this industry is also examined and some sectors are found to attract new entry while others are only attracted.     

Product Differentiation,Industry Concentration and Market Share Turbulence

Building on the current theory of industrial concentration, we analyze the relation between market size and product differentiation, and show how product differentiation impacts market share turbulence. We first propose that in markets where vertical product differentiation dominates, firms will have an incentive to escalate investment in advertising and/or R&D as market size increases. Secondly, such (firm‐specific) investments will make competitive advantage more sustainable as the firm is less imitable. This will not be the case if the market is primarily characterized by homogeneous products or horizontal product differentiation. Our predictions are tested using an original EU dataset for 1987 and 1997. Our results strongly support our predictions – the degree of market share turbulence increases with market size. However, this relation is weakened by competitive investment in advertising and R&D.     

黑龙江省信息技术外包企业提升竞争力的对策研究

在黑龙江省转变经济增长方式过程中,信息技术外包业正发挥着越来越重要的作用,逐步成为经济发展新的增长点之一。加快黑龙江省信息技术外包发展,必须突破当前市场环境、人力资源和相关政策法规等因素的制约,大力提升企业市场竞争力。政府应建立健全相关的政策法规,为进一步发挥产业园区的集群效应创造条件;引导企业成立行业协会。以促进企业自律。信息技术外包服务企业应深入分析自身的优劣势,制定科学的发展战略,改进人力资源管理机制,加大技术创新力度,提升信息安全管理水平,从而全方位提升信息技术外包企业的竞争力。     

Exploring the Role of Product Development Capability for Transforming Marketing Intelligence into Firm Performance

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study examines the role of product development capability for transforming marketing intelligence activities into firm performance on industrial markets.

Methodology/Approach: The authors apply structural equation modeling to analyze survey data from 342 industrial manufacturing companies.

Findings: Results reveal that sales integration and holistic macroeconomic view are particularly important features of the marketing intelligence capability on industrial markets to gain additional insights in order to develop products successfully. Results also reveal that product development capability transforms the marketing intelligence activities into firm performance on industrial markets.

Research Implications: This study offers new insights on marketing theory by extending and concretizing the concept of market orientation to a broader concept of the marketing intelligence capability for industrial markets. Further, this research reveals that the product development capability serves as a mediator to business performance.

Practical Implications: This study’s systematic and tangible outline of the dimensions of marketing intelligence and its link to the product development capability helps firms to better understand how to capitalize on market orientation’s potential values.

Originality/Value/Contribution: This research (a) reveals the relevant dimensions of marketing intelligence on industrial markets and (b) shows how the product development capability tranforms marketing intelligence activities into firm performance on industrial markets.     

Clustering as an organizational response to capital market inefficiency: evidence from microenterprises in Ethiopia

Absence of a well-developed capital market has been listed as a key obstacle to industrialization in developing countries in the development literature. In this paper, we show that industrial clusters, through specialization and division of labor, can ease the financial constraints of microenterprises even in the absence of a well-functioning capital market. By using data from more than 17,000 microenterprises in four sectors and four regions of Ethiopia, we find that clustering lowers capital entry barrier by reducing the initial investment required to start a business. This effect is found to be significantly larger for microenterprises investing in districts with high capital market inefficiency, indicating the importance of clustering as an organizational response to a credit constrained environment. The findings highlight the importance of cluster-based industrial activities as an alternative method of propagating industrialization when local conditions do not allow easy access to credit.     

Optimal trade,industrial, and privatization policies in a mixed duopoly with strategic managerial incentives

Abstract

This paper examines optimal trade, industrial, and privatization policies in a home-market model of mixed international duopoly with strategic managerial incentives. Under linear demand and constant marginal costs, the optimal degree of privatization is shown to depend crucially on cost and demand parameters and on the availability of strategic trade and industrial policies. If both firms are equally efficient, optimal trade and industrial policies drive out the foreign firm and the privatization policy loses its effect on national welfare; however, if the home firm is less efficient, then full privatization combined with an import tariff and a production subsidy is optimal for the home country, while an export subsidy is optimal for the foreign country. If trade and industrial policies are unavailable and if both firms are equally efficient, full state-ownership, which drives out the foreign firm, becomes optimal; however, if the home firm is less efficient, only partial privatization is optimal, The state-ownership share is increased if either the market size grows, the home firm's efficiency increases, or the foreign firm's efficiency decreases. Further, the paper demonstrates the potential conflict between privatization and trade liberalization policies.