货币政策对房地产价格的影响研究——基于纳入市场参与者预期模型的实证分析

本文通过理论分析和实证检验发现:影响房地产市场价格最重要的因素是市场预期,其次是货币渠道,而信贷渠道对房地产行业的影响有限。房地产市场价格的波动对居民其他消费具有财富效应。货币渠道和市场预期容易形成闭环联系,在经济景气期容易形成泡沫。因此,要注意货币政策的规律性。     

房地产泡沫的虚拟经济决定论及其实证检验

对于房地产泡沫的理论解释的研究有很多,主要是从实体经济层面、虚拟经济视角、产业经济学这三个角度进行研究,目前大多数是从第一奈路径展开。文章对一些比较具有代表性的理论假说进行总结分析,并在此基础上利用来自中国和日本的数据对房地产泡沫的虚拟经济决定论进行实证检验,最后给出自己的意见和看法。     

经济泡沫与泡沫经济的形成

经济泡沫在现存的任何经济制度下都必然存在。信用制度的建立,人的有限理性及信息传导机制的时滞和不完善都会促成经济泡沫,但价格机制的引导和货币发行的有限性又必然刺穿泡沫。而经济泡沫的产生离不开经济泡沫,它往往起源于证券、房地产市场的过度投机,并伴随通货膨胀和虚拟资本的过度发展。     

基于VEC模型的比特币价格泡沫分析

比特币作为数字货币的代表,其价格波动引发了学者的争论。选取比特币价格与比特币数目、日交易量、我的钱包用户数量、总交易量等指标,通过建立VEC模型,运用单位根检验、协整检验、方差分析方法,对比特币价格波动进行实证分析。实证结果表明:比特币价格存在明显的非理性价格泡沫,可通过一系列举措降低非理性泡沫但不可消除非理性泡沫。     

我国货币流动性对房价波动的动态影响研究

抑制房地产价格过快上涨、合理疏导货币流动性成为近年来我国经济中备受关注的两个问题。在此背景下,本文运用定性与定量分析相结合的方法研究了货币流动性冲击对我国房地产价格的动态影响。实证结果显示:货币流动性的增强会导致房地产价格上涨,货币流动性变化对房地产价格波动的贡献率随着时间的推移逐渐增强,且房地产价格波动受到自身供给与需求不均衡的影响较大。     

资产价格与货币供应量的实证分析

在货币单一规则和泰勒规则的基础上,在模型中加入资产价格来检验我国货币政策与经济发展、通胀及资产价格之间关系,通过实证分析得出货币供应量与GDP缺口、通胀、房价指数存在负向变动关系,却与股价指数正向相关。增发的货币供应量越来越多地流向了虚拟经济,致使流向实体经济的部分逐步下降,解释了我国货币供应量猛增,而实体经济仍固步不前的现象。     

我国房地产泡沫的动态自回归检验——以上海为例

伴随着我国经济的发展,房地产泡沫一直是一个热议的话题。本文借鉴股市泡沫研究中的动态自回归检验方法,以上海房地产市场为例,对我国的房地产泡沫进行实证研究。     

北京市房地产价格影响因素浅析——从实证中看房地产政策

以北京市为例,通过对房地产价格影响因素的分析,研究各种因素对房地产价格的作用机理,并通过对影响我国现阶段房地产价格的主要包括土地价格指数、房地产市场供给、房地产需求、房地产租赁价格指数等因素,利用统计方法,与房地产销售价格指数的历史数据进行实证检验。实证检验表明目前北京市的房地产政策能够很好的把握当前经济形势,能够使用经济手段调节房地产市场。     

北京市房地产价格影响因素浅析-从实证中看房地产政策

以北京市为例,通过对房地产价格影响因素的分析,研究各种因素对房地产价格的作用机理,并通过对影响我国现阶段房地产价格的主要包括土地价格指数、房地产市场供给、房地产需求、房地产租赁价格指数等因素,利用统计方法,与房地产销售价格指数的历史数据进行实证检验。实证检验表明目前北京市的房地产政策能够很好的把握当前经济形势,能够使用经济手段调节房地产市场。     

我国房地产价格与货币供给量关系的实证研究

房地产市场的健康发展对我国的经济可持续发展有着重要的意义。而房地产价格的稳定性是其健康发展最直接的指标。利用国家统计局网站公布的数据建立货币供给量和房地产价格长期协整关系。对数据进行季节调整,去除季节变动因素,建立分布滞后模型,得到房地产价格与货币供给之间存在着长期的弹性。采用Eviews6.0对上述数据进行格兰杰因果检验,最终得出货币供给量是房地产价格的长期格兰杰原因,货币供给量对房地产价格变动有一定的影响。     

我国调控房地产价格的货币政策分析

美国由于对资产价格做出的货币政策滞后给经济带来了很大负面影响,我国也应该认识到积极的财政政策和货币政策会带来资产价格泡沫隐患,尤其是房地产泡沫问题应该受到关注。现阶段货币政策调控房地产市场面临着放松调控将导致房地产泡沫卷土重来,过度调控会阻碍经济的持续发展,微观主体预期对货币政策有效性构成挑战,基层中央银行落实政策难到住等问题。完善我国货币政策调控体系就要增强货币政策的连续性、一致性和透明度,防止心理预期的变化引起房地产价格的震荡,还要加强一般性货币政策与选择性货币政策之间的配合以及货币政策与其他调控政策的配合。     

Quo vadis Wohnungspolitik?

The massive increase of property prices in some regions of Germany is a direct consequence of the ongoing financial and debt crisis. Low interest rates and high inflation expectations increase the demand for real estate. In addition to a potential price bubble risk, social problems arouse more and more public interest. Currently, many tenants are facing significant rent increases. Thus, the shortage of housing dominates the current housing policy discussions. The so-called “package for affordable building and living” includes stricter rent controls and other economic policy interventions which aim to ease the situation in the real estate market, but the interventions have the opposite effect.     

Boom or Bubble in the US Real Estate Market?

This paper attempts to provide an answer to the question whether the recent surge in US real estate prices is fundamentally driven, or whether the current situation reflects bubble symptoms. This is a question of paramount importance since in the case of a bubble in real estate prices the question emerges if and how the Fed should react to it. Implicitly, monetary policy in the euro area is addressed as well, with France and Spain experiencing exorbitant price increases of real estate during at least the last four years and the ECB trying to play down the dangers of this development for price stability.

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* The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable comments by Thorsten Polleit.     

Betting the house

Is there a link between loose monetary conditions, credit growth, house price booms, and financial instability? This paper analyzes the role of interest rates and credit in driving house price booms and busts with data spanning 140 years of modern economic history in the advanced economies. We exploit the implications of the macroeconomic policy trilemma to identify exogenous variation in monetary conditions: countries with fixed exchange regimes often see fluctuations in short-term interest rates unrelated to home economic conditions. We use novel instrumental variable local projection methods to demonstrate that loose monetary conditions lead to booms in real estate lending and house prices' bubbles; these, in turn, materially heighten the risk of financial crises. Both effects have become stronger in the postwar era.     

资产价格、通货膨胀与货币政策的动态分析:理论与中国实践

传统的CPI和GDP平减指数仅仅涵盖了普通商品和服务,股票和房地产等资产价格上涨的因素并不包括在内。随着现代金融的不断深化,通货膨胀与资产价格的内在关系越来越被人们所关注。虽然刚刚经历了2008年的金融危机,2009年房地产价格仍然不断快速上涨,有关泡沫的言论不断升温。探寻资产价格变化与通货膨胀预期的内在关系,完善货币政策对于资产价格的反应机制,对于维护经济金融的平稳发展意义重大。     

Zinspolitik ade! Wie man Immobilienpreisblasen dennoch überstehen kann

After the financial crisis, some Euro countries are still facing major economic problems. They require favourable interest rate conditions in order to free themselves from their difficulties. But due to the low interest rate policy of the ECB, the risk of a housing price bubble in Germany is increasing. Since a rise in interest rates is not expected in the near future, other national institutional possibilities come to the fore. High capital ratios of both the borrower and the banks, and long rate fixation periods may counteract the development and impact of price bubbles. This might improve the stability of the German real estate market.     

信用扩张的合理界限与房价波动研究

房地产业是资金密集型产业,它的供给与需求很大程度上由信用扩张程度来决定。而信用扩张的合理边界作为货币政策的目标,决定了房地产的繁荣程度与价格水平的高低。因此,货币政策对房价具有重要的影响。但是,由于所有的金融交易都存在着内在与外在的不稳定,这就需要一系列的金融制度安排来保证信用扩张边界的合理性。同样,由于金融制度不完全性、效应的滞后性及利益的渗透性,金融交易制度安排的缺陷可能成为房地产价格波动的制度性根源。由此,本文从货币政策的制度因素来讨论与研究信用扩张过度与房价的波动关系,并希望从中寻求对房价波动更为一般性的解释。     

The impact of monetary policy on oil price persistence: An application of the smooth regime-switching model

This paper employs the smooth transition autoregressive model to evaluate the persistence of oil price changes, and chooses monetary policy variables as transition variables of the model to assess their roles in the persistence effects. The empirical results show that oil price changes displayed asymmetric adjustments within different regimes and were more sensitive to the movement of interest rates than inflation rate. In addition, high inflation rate would give rise to low oil price persistence, and expansionary monetary policy would bring about higher oil price persistence. Moreover, when the short- and long-term interest rates were over their threshold values, the persistence effects of oil price changes were opposite. In the present relatively low US interest rates, adopting either an inflation-targeting policy or/and a debt-financing policy to stimulate economic growth, the timing is appropriate and the effect will be positive and expected because of low persistence of oil price changes.     

Monetary Policy,Vagabonding Liquidity and Bursting Bubbles in New and Emerging Markets: An Overinvestment View

‘Capitalism without failure is like religion without sin’. Charles Kindleberger's book Manias, Panics and Crashes points out that speculation and crises have always been present: the world economic crisis of the 20th century, the South Sea bubble in the 18th century, and the tulip mania in the first part of the 17th century. Starting with the Japanese bubble in the 1980s we take the reader on a tour through 20 years of bubbles in emerging markets and industrial countries which have recently culminated in the 2007/08 US subprime market crisis. We explain the global stock market and real estate booms based on the real and monetary overinvestment theories of Hayek, Wicksell and Schumpeter, arguing that ample liquidity supply originating in the large industrialised countries has contributed – independent from the exchange rate regime – to overinvestment cycles in new and emerging markets around the globe. The policy implication is to keep interest rates not too low for too long in response to bursting bubbles.     

房地产泡沫生成与演化--基于金融支持过度假说的一种解释

本文在房地产市场局部均衡的框架下,探讨了金融支持过度与房地产泡沫生成和演化的过程,提出了金融支持过度假说,认为如果房地产开发商和置业者都可以从银行取得贷款,当房地产市场存在群体投机行为时,房地产价格将高于基础价格,并且会随着金融支持力度的增加而不断上升,这一上升的部分我们称之为泡沫.此时,如果房地产借款者违约行为迅速蔓延,房地产泡沫将随之破灭,并有引发金融危机的危险.本文最后利用文中所确定的衡量金融支持过度的临界值,对我国房地产金融支持程度进行了实证分析.