征收关税的3×2李嘉图模型

无关税的3×2李嘉图模型中,如果一个国家没有对其他两个国家的比较优势,而且其交易效率低,那么有可能被排除在贸易之外。对征收关税的3×2李嘉图模型进行超边际分析表明,生产两种商品的国家与完全专业化的国家间进行的是非自由化贸易,而两个完全专业化国家间倾向于自由贸易,这是征收关税的3×2李嘉图模型的一般均衡的特点。     

一种新的考虑全要素生产率的成本函数估计法

研究目标：探索全要素生产率异质性对成本函数模型估计的影响。研究方法：简要归纳出各类成本函数族和基于半参数法的生产函数改良思路,将以往用于生产函数估计的Olley-Pakes（OP法）运用到成本函数估计中,构建了一个基于半参数估计的成本函数计量模型。研究发现：通过与最小二乘法、固定效应、随机前沿的回归结果对比发现,OP法用于估计成本函数能够在一定程度上控制同步性问题以及样本选择偏差问题,并能测算与分解企业间异质的全要素生产率。研究创新：通过改良成本函数估计方法以控制全要素生产率的异质性和同步性问题。研究价值：对该方法论的探讨有助于成本函数在经济统计、计量经济模型估计、政策效应评估等领域的推广与改良。     

人力资本、配置效率及全要素生产率变化

考虑到人力资本的异质性,本文将劳动分为低技能劳动和人力资本,利用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型测算了中国1997—2012年30个省市全要素生产率的变化。在引入要素价格的基础上,借助 Kumbhakar 模型对全要素生产率变化进行分解后发现：（1）配置效率不高制约了全要素生产率的增长;（2）配置效率表现出物质资本和劳动低配,人力资本高配;（3）报酬结构调整对配置效率改进模拟结果表明改善人力资本配置效率最有利于全要素生产率的增长;（4）发挥人力资本配置效率优势,还需进一步扩大教育规模。     

贸易成本、比较优势与出口结

研究目标：总体贸易成本对一国出口贸易结构的影响。研究方法：测算30个样本国与其所有贸易伙伴国的双边贸易成本和各国的总体贸易成本,并利用行业层面数据构建计量模型,将贸易成本与劳动力和资本等要素禀赋一起,经验地研究总体贸易成本对一国出口结构的影响。研究发现：总体贸易成本可以和资本与劳动力等要素禀赋一样,成为比较优势的来源,影响一国对外出口行业的选择;一国即便不具有资本禀赋的优势,但只要不断降低总体贸易成本,完全可能选择生产并出口高贸易成本密集度和资本密集型行业的商品。研究创新：从比较优势的角度经验研究了总体贸易成本对出口结构的影响。研究价值：为产业结构升级提供了新思路。     

数字经济对全要素生产率的影响研究——来自国家级大数据综合试验区的证据

基于国家级大数据综合试验区的准自然实验，运用2014—2019年280个地级市的面板数据，采用多期双重差分法实证检验数字经济对全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明：数字经济显著提升了全要素生产率，这一结论在经过多种稳健性检验后仍然成立；中介效应检验表明，数字经济通过提高资源配置效率和促进技术创新来提升全要素生产率；异质性分析表明，数字经济对低资源禀赋城市、低数字经济发展水平城市以及智慧城市的全要素生产率具有促进作用，抑制高资源禀赋、高数字经济城市的全要素生产率，而对非智慧城市的作用则不明显。因此，应基于大数据综合试验区深度挖掘数字经济的直接作用与间接作用，同时采取差异化发展战略，培育壮大全要素生产率增长新动能。     

中国企业出口中的禀赋优势与生产率

利用中国2008年～2009年工业企业数据,文章试图揭示中国企业出口与要素禀赋和企业生产率之间的关系,即形成中国企业出口竞争优势来源和快速的贸易规模的扩张的原因。文章的研究结果发现出口企业的出口深度越高,则企业的生产率越低且劳动力投入越密集,体现了中国企业出口行为中要素禀赋优势的重要性,但是也出现了生产率悖论;文章还采用分位数回归方法进行进一步的分析,结果发现高生产率不是推动中国企业出口的重要因素,而禀赋优势才是中国出口贸易增长的重要原因。     

欠发达地区旅游业发展的战略选择--从比较优势到竞争优势

不同的地区有其不同的要素禀赋结构，旅游业所采取的发展战略也应有所不同。欠发达地区自身的要素禀赋结构状态决定了其旅游业发展必须选择与之相符的技术路径－从比较优势到竞争优势。本文分析了欠发达地区旅游业发展应如何按照比较优势原则进行技术选择，以及在此基础上，欠发达地区如何利用比较优势，创造自身的竞争优势，增强旅游业和产品的竞争力。     

全要素生产率提升中“结构红利假说”的非线性检验——基于285个城市面板数据的双门限回归分析

已有关于“结构红利假说”的文献大多基于线性模型,但产业结构升级过程中存在着经济增长的“结构性加速”和“结构性减速”阶段,表明产业结构升级对社会生产率的影响很可能是非线性的。本文基于2002—2015年中国285个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用双门限回归模型考察产业结构升级对全要素生产率的非线性影响,并结合城市要素禀赋结构和产业结构变迁成本进一步分析非线性关系的形成机理。研究发现,中国地级及以上城市全要素生产率提升中存在“结构红利”;产业结构升级对全要素生产率的影响是非线性的,随产业结构升级的推进先逐渐递增后逐步减弱;分样本看,副省级城市或直辖市全要素生产率提升中的“结构红利”效应最显著;产业结构升级对中国全要素生产率增长的影响主要是通过技术效率途径,而技术进步途径贡献不足。     

新新贸易理论文献综述

本文分析了新新贸易理论的提出背景、核心思想、中国经验和面临的挑战,以及多重异质性模型的理论和实践意义。随着经济全球化的深化,企业已经成为出口行为的主体,基于企业层面异质性的新新贸易理论正在构建传统贸易理论的微观机理。新新贸易理论的核心理论思想是企业层面异质性是预测和解释贸易行为的基础,其经典模型是生产率异质性模型。这一模型极具理论启发,但也遇到了中国现实的挑战;拓展生产率异质性模型,发展多重异质性模型不仅可以提升新新贸易理论的现实解释力,而且可以释放更大的理论创新空间。     

全要素生产率中的加成定价与规模报酬效应

研究目标：考察经典方法估计全要素生产率时是否因加成定价或规模报酬效应而出现估计偏差。研究方法：基于放松完全竞争和规模报酬不变假设的增长核算框架估计全要素生产率,并在分别估计加成定价率和规模报酬率基础上对古典索洛余值进行分解。研究发现：加成定价效应是造成古典索洛余值与全要素生产率偏差的重要原因;富有弹性的劳动力市场可以降低全要素生产率受到经济冲击的影响。研究创新：基于扩展后的增长核算框架估计了中国、韩国、日本和美国的全要素生产率,分析古典索洛余值是否存在估计偏差以及偏差的主要来源。研究价值：分离新古典索洛余值中的加成定价和规模效应,可以有效降低经验研究中全要素生产率的估计偏差。     

Building manufacturing flexibility with strategic suppliers and contingent effect of product dynamism on customer satisfaction

A critical capability sought by an increasing number of firms is manufacturing flexibility, because it allows to effectively respond to dynamic markets. Grounded upon a supply chain perspective, this paper aims to assess antecedents of manufacturing flexibility that stem from the upstream relationships with strategic suppliers. Additionally, it is one of the first to analyze the contingent effect of product dynamism on the impact of manufacturing flexibility on downstream customer satisfaction. We apply structural equation modeling to a sample of 155 companies in order to analyze our hypotheses. Results strongly indicate that buyer-supplier collaboration facilitates inter-organizational learning that in turn allows organizations to develop manufacturing flexibility and increase customer satisfaction. Approaching manufacturing flexibility from a broader supply chain view thus pays off. Moreover, we apply multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to explore the contingent effect of product dynamism on the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and customer satisfaction. Results suggest a stronger impact of manufacturing flexibility on performance in the context of higher product dynamism in companies’ customer markets, confirming the importance of a contingency view to flexibility.     

Ambidextrous culture,contextual ambidexterity and new product innovations: The role of organizational slack and environmental factors

Contextual ambidexterity, defined as the simultaneous pursuit of alignment and adaptability at business unit, is linked to several organizational outcomes including improved performance and innovation outcomes. Extant research posits ambidextrous organizational culture as an important enabler to contextual ambidexterity but suffers from a lack of a well‐meaning scale for the same. In addition, there is very little understanding as to how tasking and facilitating environment can be on firms' endeavour for contextual ambidexterity and the outcomes thereof. Therefore, the current piece of research has twin objectives using two separate studies. First, to develop a scale for ambidextrous organizational culture construct and second, to analyse the role played by the external forces (munificence and dynamism) and internal slack resources on the relationships between ambidextrous organizational culture and contextual ambidexterity and between contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation outcomes through an empirical investigation in India. Using structural equation modelling on data from 414 respondents, we found environmental munificence to strengthen the relationships between ambidextrous organizational culture and contextual ambidexterity and between contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation outcomes. On the other hand, environmental dynamism had a dampening impact on these relationships. Our findings also suggest that for low slack organizations, dynamic and unmunificent environments magnified the negative impact on an organisation's ambidexterity efforts and new product innovation outcomes.     

中国的最优化动态IS-LM模型构建与应用

传统的IS-LM模型由于存在许多缺陷一直以来都备受批评。理性预期革命之后出现的基于跨期动态最优化的IS-LM模型却能够很好地克服传统的缺陷,逐渐受到当代宏观经济学家的青睐。本文尝试在最优化IS-LM基本模型的基础上,引入对定期存款的配置行为,加入政府和国外部门,将模型拓展为四部门三资产模型,然后利用中国数据采用理性预期的方法对参数进行估计,并解释了方程系数的含义。最后对于模型如何实现动态化用以描述经济的演化作了一些探讨。     

The organizational choice of human resource management practices: a study of Chinese enterprises in three cities in the PRC

This study examined the effects of an organization's contextual variables on the choice of human resource management (HRM) practices to secure, nurture, reward and retain managerial employees. The contextual variables included organizational characteristics (ownership, age and size), on the one hand, and its competitive strategies (innovation, quality and cost) and the strategic role of the human resource function, on the other. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of general managers and human resource directors from 326 joint ventures and state-owned enterprises located in Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangzhou, three major cities in China. Using structural equation analysis, we examined both the direct and indirect effects of the contextual variables on HRM practices. The indirect effects were measured through the strategic role of the human resource function. Results indicated that ownership and the strategic role of the human resource function were key variables in explaining an organization's choice of HRM practices. Age and size of the organization had limited effects. Compared with cost and quality strategies, the innovation strategy affected HRM practices, both directly and indirectly, indicating the increasing dynamism of the Chinese economy in its move towards a market orientation.     

Supplier-Focused Knowledge Management in the Automobile Industry and Its Implications for Product Performance

abstract    This study focuses on the impact of knowledge management in supplier relations (termed as supplier-focused knowledge management, SFKM) within the automobile industry of an emerging economy (Brazil), on financial and product performance. A model of the relationship between supplier-focused knowledge management, including its associated processes, and performance is described and the associated hypotheses are developed and then tested. Knowledge sharing through face-to-face communication is positively related to both product and financial performance, while technological knowledge sharing has a positive impact on product performance under conditions of high technological dynamism. Supplier involvement in the production process is related to product performance and use of knowledge management tools is related to financial performance. The results support the major hypotheses of our SFKM model. These results are discussed in the context of the knowledge management and supplier-relations literatures in terms of the contributions, implications for research and practice, and directions for future research.     

逆向物流具有时滞的一个EOQ扩展订货模型

在假设销售商允许消费者退货,且退回物品经一个滞后期修复处理后仍然可和“新产品”一样销售的条件下,提出了一个扩展的EOQ订货模型。结果表明,与经典的EOQ订货模型相比,该模型的订货周期、订货数量及订货平均成本都有不同程度的增加。销售商应采取有救措施尽量降低退货率及缩短退货的修复滞后时间。     

排污权交易条件下缺陷产品生产库存策略研究

自二十世纪初以来,生产库存控制理论一直是运筹学研究中的重要领域。生产库存控制研究使用量化方法建立生产库存模型,给出最生产优库存控制策略。本文建立了排污权条件下易存在缺陷产品的生产库存模型,并对模型的解及其性质进行了分析,给出了基于排污权交易的缺陷产品的生产库存最优控制策略。     

Aspiring for,and Achieving Growth: The Moderating Role of Resources and Opportunities*

abstract In this article, we use the theory of planned behaviour to develop a model of small business managers’ growth aspirations and the level of growth achieved. We empirically test this model on a large longitudinal data set of small firms using hierarchical regression. Consistent with previous findings and others’ assumptions, we find that small business managers’ aspirations to expand their business activities are positively related to actual growth. However, the relationship between aspirations and growth appears more complex than stated. It depends on the level of education and experience of the small business manager as well as the dynamism of the environment in which the business(es) operates. Education, experience and environmental dynamism magnify the effect that one's growth aspirations have on the realization of growth.     

The role of human capital philosophy in promoting firm innovativeness and performance: test of a causal model

In the present study, we developed and tested a causal model of the relationships between firm strategy, industry environment, human capital philosophy, innovativeness, and firm performance. Our results indicate that a differentiation-oriented strategy influences the relative use of an empowerment-oriented human capital philosophy of the firm, moderated by a firm's industry environment. Moreover, firms' human capital philosophies moderated the relationship between strategy and firm innovativeness. We also found support for the proposition that innovativeness mediated the relationship between human capital philosophy and firm performance. In addition, results also indicate that industry dynamism influences new product sales directly and industry survival difficulty moderates the relationship between firm strategy and new product sales. Survival difficulty also had a negative effect on firm profit. Overall, we found support for the mediating roles of human capital philosophy and innovativeness in the relationships between firm strategy, industry environment and firm performance. Implications are discussed.     

LINEX Loss Functions with Applications to Determining the Optimum Process Parameters

In the classical Taguchi quality model, the symmetric quadratic loss function has been used to measure the loss of quality. However, there are a number of situations in which the symmetric quadratic loss may be inappropriate. In this paper, we proposed an asymmetric loss function, called linear exponential (LINEX) loss function, to determine optimum process parameters for the product quality. When the coefficient of LINEX loss function is small, it will be close to the quadratic loss. Moreover, the trade-off problem between quality and cost will be discussed.