Marketing in Russia

ABSTRACT

This paper offers a study of the development of the commercial banking system in two East European countries. Based on surveys conducted in Hungary and Poland, the authors discuss elements of the competitive market structure in the banking sector. Findings indicate that the commercial banks in Hungary and Poland have become more competitive, but there are differences between the two countries, especially in the way that the banks use sources of foreign funds.     

Foreign banking in developing countries; origin matters

Driven by globalization and increased financial integration, the last decade has seen many foreign banks entering developing countries. Although the majority of these banks are from high-income countries, recently banks from developing countries have followed suit. This paper looks at this phenomenon, by examining the differences and similarities between developing and high-income country foreign banks. Using a large dataset on banking sector FDI in developing countries, we find that 27% of all foreign banks in developing countries are owned by a bank from another developing country, while these banks hold 5%of the foreign assets. The importance of developing country foreign banks is much larger in low-income countries (both in number of banks and in terms of assets) and this type of foreign banking is strongly regionally concentrated. Although foreign bank entry by both developing country as well as high-income country banks seems to be driven by economic integration, common language and proximity, banks from developing countries are more likely to invest in small developing countries with weak institutions where high-income country banks are reluctant to go. This result seems to suggest that developing country banks have a competitive advantage dealing with countries with a weak institutional climate. Furthermore, our results indicate that developing country foreign banks have a higher interest margin and are less profitable than foreign banks from high-income countries.     

中资银行引入战略投资者的潜在风险研究

当前,我国各大商业银行纷纷通过出让部分股权引入境外战略投资者。分析中国银行业引入战略投资者的潜在风险,认为对境外战略投资者抱以过高希望是不现实的,收益是潜在的,其实现与否取决于诸多条件,因而不能对境外战略投资者抱以过高的期望。     

Sources of TFP growth in the Malaysian Islamic banking sector

This paper attempts to empirically analyse productivity changes of the Malaysian Islamic banking sector during the period of 2001–2004 by applying the non-parametric Malmquist productivity index method. During the period of study, the empirical findings suggest that the Malaysian Islamic banking sector has exhibited productivity progress during the earlier years before declining during the latter years. The results suggest that foreign banks have exhibited higher productivity levels compared with their domestic counterparts during the earlier years, while the domestic banks’ productivity levels were relatively higher compared with the foreign banks during the latter years.     

开放经济条件下外资银行对我国商业银行效率影响研究

在开放经济条件下,外资银行已成为我国金融体系的重要组成部分。本文采用固定效应下的GLS法,运用面板数据实证分析了外资银行对我国商业银行效率的影响。研究发现,外资银行进入对我国商业银行效率具有显著的正面影响,改善了我国商业银行的收入、成本和利润状况。     

Competition and the Provision of Banking Services to SMEs in the U.K.

This paper examines the report produced by the Competition Commission on the provision of SME banking services in the U.K. The report is assessed in terms of underlying assumptions used to describe and assess how banks operate and perform. The Competition Commission suggested “remedies” are drawn from a specific economic model assumed to be representative of the U.K. banking industry. It is concluded the remedies proposed by the Competition Commission are misplaced and may impose a substantial future cost on both banks and SMEs receiving banking services. It is proposed that the ramifications of this case are substantial for the present system of allocating bank funding to SMEs, in both the U.K. and international economies where similar antitrust or competition guidelines are employed.     

从国有商业银行组织的变迁看我国银行并购的意义

国有商业银行组织变迁的历史表明 ,银行组织规模边界的过度扩张 ,虽然最大限度地动员金融资源 ,支持了国民经济增长 ,但也直接导致了国有商业银行配置金融资源的低效率。银行并购则可以优化国有商业银行组织结构 ,提高国有商业银行的竞争力 ,并保持金融体系和社会秩序稳定 ,促进国民经济持续增长。     

中资银行和外资银行竞争力的对比研究

中国加入世贸组织后,金融市场将按承诺逐步开放,这意味着外资银行与中资银行之间的竞争将日趋激烈。从银行经营的外部环境、经营安全性、资产数量和质量以及业务开展等方面着手,对外资银行与中资银行进行比较分析,针对中资银行在经营中存在的问题并提出相关建议。     

Bank branching deregulation and the credit risk of the regional banking sector: Evidence from city commercial banks in China

From 2006 to 2011, with the change in regulatory policies, most regions of China relaxed restrictions on the intercity branching of city commercial banks, which led to a significant increase in the number of nonlocal branches of city commercial banks. We assess the impact of this bank branching deregulation on the credit risk of the regional banking sector across 286 prefecture-level cities in China. We find that deregulation has increased the credit risk of the regional banking sector in host cities by intensifying competition and encouraging risk-taking behaviors such as “lowering lending criteria” and “attracting deposits with higher interest”. Moreover, this effect becomes more pronounced in regions with a higher initial level of the loan-to-deposit ratio and regions with a higher initial level of competition in the banking sector.     

Efficiency,scale and scope economies in the Ukrainian banking sector in 1998

This paper evaluates the current development of the Ukrainian banking system. The research was concentrated on the evaluation of cost and profit efficiency and scale and scope economies for 79 from 168 Ukrainian commercial banks in 1998. There is evidence that small banks operate more efficiently in cost terms but are less efficient in profit terms and furthermore, there is a substantial difference in scale economies between small and large banks. Large banks show significant diseconomies of scale while small ones show significant scale economies. This result could suggest that current technology in the financial sector does not allow efficient growth and concentration of the financial sector in Ukraine.     

外资银行进入对我国银行业的影响——基于面板数据的分析

本文基于我国14家商业银行1996—2003年的面板数据,对外资银行进入对我国银行业产生的影响进行了理论和实证分析。结果表明:外资银行进入对我国银行的盈利能力产生了负面影响,对银行经营管理水平的提高有积极促进作用,与银行抗风险能力提升有较弱的正相关关系,对银行开展存贷款业务能力无显著关系。在此基础上,提出了简要的政策建议。     

Ownership Reform,Foreign Competition and Efficiency of Chinese Commercial Banks: A Non‐parametric Approach

Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the pressure for bank reforms has mounted as China ought to have fully opened up its financial market to foreign competition by 2006. Efficiency is key for domestic banks to survive in a liberalised environment, but it appears that the last hope for raising bank efficiency is through ownership reform. Whether ownership reform and foreign competition can solve China's banking problem remains to be tested. This paper aims to answer this question using a non‐parametric approach to analyse the efficiency changes of 15 large commercial banks during 1998–2005. We find that ownership reform and foreign competition have forced Chinese commercial banks to improve performance, as their total factor productivity rose by 5.6 per cent per annum. This coincides with the recent bullish Chinese stock markets led by three listed state‐owned commercial banks. Despite such encouraging results, we remain cautious about the future of Chinese banks, as the good results may have been artificially created with massive government support and the fundamentals of the banks may be still weak.     

我国商业银行应对资本监管的经营管理策略

银行监管的核心问题是资本监管问题。本文依据巴塞尔协议构建的全球银行监管框架,分析了我国商业银行资本监管日趋严格的现状和国外商业银行针对资本监管采用的经营管理策略。在深入剖析资本监管对我国商业银行经营管理影响的基础上,提出了我国商业银行应采取资本筹集、资产证券化和改变经营管理模式等3个策略来应对新的资本监管标准。     

城市商业银行发展外汇业务研究

作为我国银行业的后起之秀,为了实施特色化、差异化发展和经营转型,城市商业银行应当抓住我国外向型经济蓬勃发展的黄金时期,发挥自身优势,大力开拓外汇业务,全方位开展本外币一体化经营.提高对外汇业务的认识,增强本外币一体化经营意识;加强外汇业务队伍建设,做好外汇业务人才储备和培养工作;建立灵活的贸易融资授信政策,确保贸易融资业务审批效率;强化对外汇业务的绩效考核;重视对外汇业务的研究与创新,凸显特色;建立与当地涉外单位或部门的信息沟通机制.     

商业银行表外业务的中外比较

据位居美国消费金融业务龙头地位的花旗银行新近公布的消费白皮书载,21世纪的世界十大金融消费趋势无不与表外业务密切相关。而我国商业银行仍以传统的资产负债业务为主,表外业务相当落后而且发展极为缓慢。为提高我国表外业务开展能力对中外商业银行表外业务进行了比较,以期对我国今后深入开展表外业务有所借鉴。     

商业银行市场营销的国际比较及对策建议

随着我国金融全球化进程加快和金融开放的扩大 ,我国商业银行面临日益激烈的市场竞争。银行业竞争已悄然步入客户经济时代 ,营销观念在很大程度上决定了最终竞争格局。近年来 ,中国的银行业逐渐认识到营销的重要性 ,并进行了积极的探索。借鉴发达国家商业银行市场营销的成功经验 ,找出中外银行营销差距 ,并就如何提高我国银行的营销竞争力提出相应的对策建议。     

Determinants of efficiency in South East Asian banking

This paper explores the efficiency of banks in five South East Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) using the non-parametric data envelopment approach and Tobit regression. The results indicate that efficiency has significantly declined over the period 1998–2004 indicating that the post-1997 crisis restructuring had a negative influence on bank performance. In line with the established literature on emerging markets, foreign banks appear to be more efficient than the domestic counterparts. However, state-owned banks exhibited greater efficiency than their local private sector peers. Among country-level factors, national banking development shows a strong and positive link with bank efficiency. The results are robust to different assumptions of bank inputs, outputs, technological changes, and national banking convergence.     

银行业全面开放背景下国有商业银行的竞争力研究

在系统分析了国有商业银行与外资银行相比较的竞争力状况的基础上,找出国有商业银行所面临的问题,并探求造成这些问题的原因,从而从转换政府职能,提高国有商业银行员工素质,完善银行业监督管理体系,重塑银行组织结构,加快金融创新,完善社会信用体系等方面提出提高国有商业银行竞争力的措施。     

Customer-driven philosophy in the banking industry under different ownership status: the case of Greece

Relationship banking (RB) philosophy has become a topic of increasing importance in strategic marketing management. RB concerns inter alia the applying of customer-driven strategies using advanced information technology. This study investigates RB in the Greek banking industry overall and also under different ownership status (privately owned vs. stated-controlled vs. foreign banks). Based on a wide field of research during the period 2005–2006, indeed, we find that banks in Greece apply the philosophy of RB; however, privately owned and foreign banks implement RB strategies more systematically and effectively in comparison with state-controlled banks. The usefulness of our results is twofold: they satisfactorily justify the considerable growth of the private banking sector in the Greek economy and significantly enrich the service-profit chain of this specific industry.     

Technology and intermediation: do banks pass the gains to their customers?

A key function of the banking system is to facilitate intermediation between borrowers and lenders. In this paper we single out for attention the money transmission function of banks to test whether intermediation costs have been reduced by technology and passed on to consumers. Using data for the commercial banking sector in Ireland over the period January 1986 to August 1996, we find that the gains from technology in the provision of banking services, provided they exist, have not been passed on to the bank customers in the form of a lower bank interest rate spread.