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1.
Takashi Negishi 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2008,4(2):167-173
From the studies of the history of economic thought, we can learn that many theorems of the modern general equilibrium theory were well anticipated in the classical economics and the economics of the marginal revolution. For example, first, what Johann Heinrich von Thünen (1783–1850) did, in his strange theory of natural wage, can be interpreted as an early, pioneering attempt to use the so-called Negishi method (1960), which is now intensively used for the proof of the existence theorem and the numerical calculation of a general equilibrium. Second, as is well known, no exchanged transactions are permitted out of equilibria in the famous Walrasian tatonnement adjustment process towards market equilibria. Against this, the importance of transactions carried out at disequilibria is emphasized in the studies of the so-called Hahn–Negishi non-tatonnement process (1962). As a matter of fact, in the classical economics, this is exactly what William Thomas Thornton (1813–1380) insisted against the authority of John Stuart Mill (1800–1873). Finally, subjectively perceived (often kinked) demand curves are considered in my proof of the existence of a general equilibrium in the case of monopolistic competition (1961). To my surprise, however, I found later that such demand curves were already hidden in Adam Smith's (1723–1790) consideration of markets and the division of labor, and that the increase of demand never fails to lower the price of goods. 相似文献
2.
Abstract This paper models and tests the stability of the demand for money in five East Asian countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—in the context of an open economy. The Johansen multivariate cointegration vector error correction analysis against quarterly data covering the period 1985:1–2001:4 was used. It was found that a stationary long run cointegrating relationship exists between broad money, real income, domestic interest rates, foreign interest rates corrected for exchange rate depreciation, and the expected rate of depreciation of the exchange rate. The results show that US Treasury bills rates and the foreign exchange rate vis-à-vis the US dollar play a significant role in the East Asian countries money demand relationship. This suggests that currency substitution vis-à-vis the US dollar may be an important consideration in the design and implementation of monetary policy in the East Asian countries. Furthermore, the results show that the Asian currency crises impacted the money demand functions negatively in these countries. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ stability tests show no evidence of parameter instability of the money demand functions in three of the five countries throughout the period under investigation. 相似文献
3.
Guojie Zhao An Li 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(9):50-55
With the development of China's economy, the environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. The economic crux of environmental pollution is external diseconomy; it causes the market malfunction. To solve the problem of environmental pollution, the government needs to take measures to carry on essential intervention to the market. Government interference includes administrative measures characterized of orders and controls and the economic means based on market; the latter mainly includes two kinds of measure: emissions charge and emissions trading. On the contrary, emissions trading have great advantages; it is on terms that the gross control index of disposal of pollutants is confirmed, using the market mechanism, through emissions trading between the polluters, to achieve the low cost pollution control. 相似文献
4.
自2008年金融危机以来,人民币国际化问题开始得到国内外的高度关注,中国也采取了一系列的积极行动加快推进人民币国际化.然而,人民币国际化不仅仅是单纯的货币兑换和流通条件的改变,而是一项涉及经济金融各个领域的综合性改革,在推进人民币国际化的进程中,任何一个环节的不匹配都有可能引致巨大的经济金融风险,特别是其中潜在的大规模的货币替代、反向货币替代风险,更易导致人民币国际化进程的逆转,必须加以重点关注并积极进行风险的防范和控制.文章分析了资本大规模流动的理论模型,在此基础上分析了人民币国际化引发货币替代、反向货币替代的形成路径,提出了在人民币国际化进程中防范货币替代、反向货币替代风险的政策建议. 相似文献
5.
GDP指标被称为是\"20世纪最伟大的发明之一\",它能衡量一个国家经济现状及其经济景气周期,也是提供经济健康与否的最重要依据。但是,这个指标并不完美,它也有很多弱点。为此,文章对GDP的优点和缺点作了一个肤浅的分析,目的是为人们正确认识该指标提供一个粗浅的参考。 相似文献
6.
对完善我国上市公司治理结构基本原则的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
替代是社会经济活动中经常发生的一种普通现象 ,企业要善于将替代转达化为自己的商业机会。可以实现替代的领域是极为广泛的 ,本文认为一般企业要更多地关注形式产品和企业服务方式的替代。要实现替代 ,就必须努力地进行创新。 相似文献
7.
Jakub Growiec 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2008,4(4):483-502
This paper derives the macro‐level production function from idea‐based microfoundations. Labor‐augmenting and capital‐augmenting developments are assumed to be Pareto‐distributed and mutually dependent. Using the Clayton copula family to capture this dependence, a new “Clayton–Pareto” class of production functions is derived that nests both the Cobb–Douglas and the constant elasticity of substitution. In the most general case, technical change is not purely labor‐augmenting over the long run, but it augments both capital and labor. Under certain parametrizations, the derived elasticity of substitution between capital and labor exceeds unity and, therefore, gives rise to long‐run endogenous growth. 相似文献
8.
Darlington Mushongera 《Development Southern Africa》2017,34(3):330-346
Although consensus to move beyond gross domestic product (GDP) for measuring development in Africa exists, efforts to operationalise the idea have been frustrated by institutional barriers and lack of an integrated methodology. This article addresses the methodological problem by introducing an innovative graphic tool – The Gauteng City-Region Socio-Economic Barometer. The tool pulls together a set of 38 indicators across 10 sectors into a single analytical visual. Its efficacy rests in its ability to show each individual indicator, sector, and the overall socio-economy simultaneously. The Barometer not only acts as a tracking and diagnostic tool but as a benchmarking tool as well. Applied to Gauteng province of South Africa, the Barometer shows that high levels of GDP do not necessarily mean good quality of life. Assessment of welfare solely on the basis of GDP can therefore be misleading for government. The Barometer methodology is an invaluable tool for governments committed to evidence-based planning. 相似文献
9.
后金融危机时代我国货币政策工具的优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
货币政策是我国宏观经济调控的重要途径之一,在特定时期内制定实施合适的货币政策能够促进经济发展目标的实现。在以转变经济发展方式、优化经济结构为目标的后金融危机时代,货币政策的制定不仅要考虑对经济总量的调控,更要兼顾经济结构的调控。本文旨在对当前我国央行货币政策工具的实施情况进行归纳,以期发现新时期在兼顾总量与结构调控的背景下当前货币政策工具的不足,并提出优化货币政策工具的建议。 相似文献
10.
为研究不同开挖法对色季拉山隧道开挖的围岩稳定性的影响,对比分析两台阶开挖法、三台阶开挖法和全断面开挖法在开挖过程中围岩的应力变化及变形情况。基于钻孔SJLSZ-1位置处岩石样品的岩性参数,结合隧道相关支护数据,利用Geo-Studio软件中的SIGMA/W模块分别对该隧道不同开挖法开挖进行数值模拟,并分析隧道开挖的稳定性。结果表明:3种方法在开挖过程中以及全部开挖后,掌子面围岩XY位移主要集中在隧道的顶部及仰拱,而最大主应力主要集中在隧道的左拱腰以及右拱腰;对比云图变化及监测点数据,全断面开挖法的XY位移量最小,拱顶24.8 mm,右拱脚28.3 mm;应力变化最小,左拱腰690.303 kPa,右拱腰721.171 kPa;综合数值模拟分析过程中监测点的位移数据以及应力数据发现,全断面开挖法为隧道的最优开挖方法。研究结果可为类似隧道开挖提供参考。 相似文献
11.
消费是经济增长的一个重要因素,对经济增长具有直接的拉动作用,同时对消费的调节也成为国家宏观调控的一个重要手段。本文以宁波市为例,选取了社会消费品零售总额与国内生产总值的数据进行协整分析,并进行了格兰杰因果分析,得出了二者之间存在长期均衡关系。 相似文献
12.
不平衡推力法是目前规范推荐的地震作用下滑坡地质灾害的稳定性评价的主要研究手段之一.传统的不平衡推力法处理地震荷载采用单值输入,不考虑地震波在岩土体中传播过程中的时空变化.针对该问题,基于滑坡体地震波传播规律,改进形成了考虑多点地震作用的不平衡推力法.针对云南某高速公路沿线典型滑坡,开展不同地震烈度下的不平衡推力与安全系数分析,研究结果表明:考虑多点地震作用的滑坡稳定性较传统不平衡推力法降低明显;滑坡中部由于地形的锁固效应阻滑作用明显,在Ⅸ度地震下极易失稳.研究结果为滑坡地震动力稳定性评价提供了方法. 相似文献
13.
文章针对城镇职工基本养老保险统筹账户面临的问题,重建了可持续运行能力的衡量指标。以现行制度为基础构建模型,利用精算方法预测统筹账户收支规模及平均替代率的变化趋势。在对退休年龄、在岗职工的平均工资和参保人数对账户可持续性造成综合影响进行比较静态分析之后发现:提高参保率是较为得力的措施。同时文章还借鉴国外经验提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
14.
This article considers a transition toward European monetary union that combines increased substitution of currencies and greater monetary, financial, and fiscal policy coordination. It explores how such a transition would affect national inflation and interest rates and required reserve ratios when governments depend in part on seigniorage funding for public expenditures. We find that greater coordination of policies would lead to lower inflation and interest rates but higher reserve-requirement ratios. Because higher reserve-requirement ratios could place European banks at a competititve disadvantage, we conclude that the interaction between reserve requirements and seigniorage concerns makes it less likely that the gradualist approach of the Maastricht treaty is a sustainable means of transition to European union. 相似文献
15.
中国建筑业总产值的多元线性回归分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在建筑业的企业类型视角下,从国有企业、集体企业、港澳台商投资企业、外商投资企业、其他等5个方面建立建筑业总产值影响因素多元线性回归模型,用2013年中国统计年鉴中2000—2012年建筑业总产值的数据对构建的线性回归模型加以可行性验证,结果显示建筑业总产值与参与建筑业的企业类型存在显著的多元线性回归关系。 相似文献
16.
我国资本市场的起点和发展路径的扭曲导致其信息替代机制的扭曲,是导致我国资本市场低效率、高风险的根本原因。因此,本文通过研究资本市场信息对价格的影响机制,分析我国资本市场的风险根源,为我国资本市场建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
以最大期望利润为目标,讨论了随机需求环境下,两个零售商出售可以互相替代的同质产品的博弈模型。通过计算得到了两个零售商的最优订购量,并研究了替代系数对最优订购量的影响。然后,将本模型与报童模型进行比较,证明采用替代策略可以同时提高两个零售商期望利润。 相似文献
18.
19.
Jeong Ho Kwak 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(3):243-257
Abstract The impact of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) growth on other telecommunication services, such as landlines and mobile telephony, has gained significant interest in Korea recently. An emerging alternative to landline telecommunications, VoIP is experiencing explosive growth in demand and is providing significant economic utility to consumers. The rapid growth of smart phones has also created a considerable amount of controversy regarding the potential impact of VoIP on the mobile phone market. This study provides quantitative estimations of consumer surplus for landline, mobile and VoIP services in the Korean telecommunications market using monthly call data from January of 2006 to June of 2009, a period when VoIP services grew rapidly. Empirical analyses are conducted to estimate consumer surplus based on the demand functions of each telecommunication service. Additional analyses are conducted on consumer surplus change as well. Policy implications for the rapid growth of VoIP and its impact on consumer surplus change are also discussed. 相似文献
20.
产业融合产生过程的模型研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据自组织理论,产业融合产生的过程以融合型产品出现为标志,分为从无到有、从出现到实现两个阶段。文章结合单个产业发展模型,构建了产业融合产生过程的数学模型,并在此基础上运用数值模拟统计软件对产业融合产生过程的模型进行了验证。文章认为,产业融合模型的合理性及融合型产品的替代效应在产业融合的实现过程中起着关键作用。 相似文献