From Here to Full Employment

Samuel Z. Westerfield Address     

调整就业结构促进充分就业

本文分析了我国当前失业和就业形势，指出就业结构性矛盾是妨碍扩大就业的重要因素，阐述了调整就业结构、促进充分就业的必要性、紧迫性和主要对策。     

Robert Browne and Full Employment

Among the valuable contributions Robert Browne made in his career was the role he played in shaping the “Equal Opportunity and Full Employment Bill of 1974” that was introduced by Congressman Augustus Hawkins of California. Browne defined full employment as “a condition in which all persons willing and able to work, no matter what their race, gender, or national origin would be guaranteed a job”. In his view, if the private sector was unable to produce full employment, the government should act as the employer of last resort. Language in support of that view was included in the Hawkins bill. Robert Browne believed only a national policy to achieve that goal would eliminate racial disparities in employment and unemployment—a long term reality in the American labor market. The 1974 Hawkins bill was met with only tepid Congressional support, little notice from civil rights leaders, and no response from the business community. Little was done to advance full employment legislation until Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota embraced the cause in 1975. Negotiations with Congressman Hawkins led to the development of the “Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1975,” a legislative measure to replace the Employment Act of 1946. The new bill was commonly known as the Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Bill. Robert Browne offered far less support for the new bill than for the original full employment bill introduced by Mr. Hawkins. The Humphrey Hawkins Bill failed to provide explicitly a job guarantee for all workers, and included an inflation target to make price stability co-equal with full employment as a national policy objective. The Humphrey–Hawkins Bill was enacted into law in 1978, and remains the nation’s policy dictum on full employment to this day.     

论四次分配与充分就业

经济学是围绕收入分配而展开的,就业率又是宏观经济学中重要的指标。宏观经济学主要是为解决就业问题而诞生的。就业是民生之本。就业与个人的生存和发展息息相关。传统的经济理论指导下所建立起来的三次分配的经济制度,不可能彻底解决社会财富分配和就业问题。只有进行社会财富的第四次分配,才可以实现社会的充分就业。为了应对这次由美国次贷危机所引发的全球金融危机,世界上受金融危机冲击的各国正在进行着大规模四次分配的实践。     

论浙江省实现充分就业的产业结构调整实证分析

就业结构是由产业结构决定的,产业结构的变化必然引起相应就业结构的变化。文章运用比较分析方法和回归分析方法分析了浙江省就业的产业结构的现状、演进以及产业结构与就业结构关联性,指出浙江产业结构调整应坚持的方向以及产业结构调整对就业的影响。     

Historical Amnesia: The Humphrey-Hawkins Act, Full Employment and Employment as a Right*

Economist William A. Darity has proposed a federal job guarantee with decent wages for all job seekers, an idea with deep, but largely forgotten, roots in US history.The article briefly explores some New Deal job-creation efforts and President Franklin Roosevelt??s proposal for an Economic Bill of Rights. It then focuses on two major attempts to secure full employment through legislation. The Full Employment Bill of 1945 was defeated; the compromise, the Employment Act of 1946 did not have full employment as its goal. After years of struggle, a much-weakened Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 passed, but then was violated and virtually ignored. Full employment shifts power from capital to labor, so major opposition can be expected from efforts to obtain it. Proponents need more power and a strong movement, including at the grassroots level, pushing for jobs for all--not just jobs for me or my group. Publicizing the benefits of past job programs and reintroducing the idea of a decent-paying job as a right are suggested, as well as making decent jobs for all the center of economic policy. This requires a fundamental break with neoliberalism and reallocating political power away from big business and Wall Street toward middle and working-class people and the working- and non-working poor.     

纳斯达克上市路线图

到别人的地盘上拿钱,就要按照别人的规矩来玩,否则还不知是谁给谁融资呢相当一部分中国企业企业创立时间不长,一时拿不出达到苛刻上市条件的财务报表,也许暂时不敢跟发展成熟的企业叫板,但他们的发展潜力不容忽视。它们有一个共同点:高成长性。这样的公司如果想在海外上市,可以更多地关注纳斯达克,因为高成长性正是纳斯达克吸纳新公司上市的重要指标。     

江油 李白开了一个好头

“匡山读书处,头白好归来。”这是杜甫写给李白的千古绝唱。李白的故里江油,地处龙门山脉与四川盆地的交接地带。奇特的地理, 造就了奇特的景观:境内平原、丘陵、高山、峡谷、溶洞、奇峰、湖泊、河流、飞瀑,应有尽有,美不胜收。也许正因为他小时候受到了故乡山水的熏陶,所以李白“五岳寻仙不辞远,一     

就业:稳定社会的一块基石

“民以生为本，以业为基”，有业为乐，无业为祸。如果失业群体过大，失业问题长期得不到有效解决，势必会产生一系列的经济、社会问题，甚至会演变为政治问题，因此，促进就业是关系改革发展稳定全局的重大战略任务，各级党委、政府都要把就业工作纳入经济社会发展的总体部署来考虑，结合改革发展稳定的各项工作来安排，作为关心群众生产生活的重点任务来落实。     

一个充满爱意的家庭

青岛是一座美丽的城市,山美水美,环境美。但青岛人并不为此沾沾自喜,因为他们还有更值得骄傲的地方,那就是千千万万个善良而美丽的青岛人和他们的家庭。他们普普通通,平平凡凡,甚至默默无闻,却以大爱之心温暖着每一个人。他们像一滴水珠,虽少,却能积少成多汇成波涛;他们像一簇火苗,虽弱,却无时不在传播着温暖;他们像一粒尘埃,虽小,却无处不在     

Jobs and Freedom Now! Functional Finance, Full Employment, and the Freedom Budget

Forty-five years ago, the A. Philip Randolph Institute issued ??The Freedom Budget,?? in which a program for economic transformation was proposed that included a job guarantee for everyone ready and willing to work, a guaranteed income for those unable to work or those who should not be working, and a living wage to lift the working poor out of poverty. Such policies were supported by a host of scholars, civic leaders, and institutions, including the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; indeed, they provided the cornerstones for King??s ??Poor Peoples?? Campaign?? and ??economic bill of rights.?? This paper proposes a ??New Freedom Budget?? for full employment based on the principles of functional finance. To counter a major obstacle to such a policy program, the paper includes a ??primer?? on three paradigms for understanding government budget deficits and the national debt: the deficit hawk, deficit dove, and functional finance perspectives. Finally, some of the benefits of the job guarantee are outlined, including the ways in which the program may serve as a vehicle for a variety of social policies.     

我国对外直接投资对国内就业影响的实证分析

利用中国1985年～2006年的数据建立计量模型,通过ADF检验和格兰杰检验,运用OLS实证分析我国对外直接投资对国内就业的总影响,结果表明,对外直接投资的增长可以带动国内就业增长.从三次产业就业结构方面分析,对外直接投资对于我国第二、第三产业就业人数变动的影响正向关,对第一产业就业人数变动的影响负相关,优化我国的产业结构.     

研究现代就业趋势促进我国劳动就业

本文分析了我国劳动力就业的趋势 ,提出了扩大劳动就业的建议     

行游茶马古道

易武：姜女蛇居住的地方。在傣族传说中，“易武”曾是一条善良的“美女蛇”，现在，在这个以“易武”命名的“美女蛇”居住的地方，“美女蛇”已然不在，传说中她出游的道路，成为了后来的“茶马古道”。     

发展小城镇 促进城市化

国际上,最典型的城市化道路主要有两种：在19世纪到20世纪50年代,以墨西哥为代表的拉美等国,依据“极核增长”理论,走以发展中心城市劳动城市化的道路。虽然在短期内造成了大城市表面的繁荣,但大量的农村人口迁移,在城市中形成了巨大的贫民窟。20世纪50年代后,各国反思“极核增长”理论,城市化进程中呈现出人口与资源适度分散的特点,即开始依循以发展中小城镇或新城镇为主线的城市化道路。在人们经济生活的文明与现代化程度不断提高的状况下,后一种道路将不可避免地成为主流,在推进城市化的过程中,中国将发展小城镇放在重要的位置,不仅顺应了世界城市化的趋势,也符合中国国情。     

安多：阳光撒满八部的院落

当火车从格尔木一路走来,从唐古拉山下来的第一站就是羌塘草原的藏北重镇安多。安多是这一段路途上最为繁华的城镇,海拔4700多米,距拉萨463公里。安多藏语意为“末尾或下部”。历史上曾有江措如瓦、多玛、嗄加、雪钦、雪穹、买玛、扎如和色多8个部落,所以又称安多八部。从地理位置上看,安多是青海进入西藏腹心地区的门户,是西藏与青海贸易交流最为集中的地方。当年,许多从青海入境的外国传教士与探险家,也就是在这一带,被西藏地方政府驱逐出境的。     

俄罗斯绘画艺术的集中展示 --"俄罗斯系列精品画册"编辑侧记

俄罗斯绘画以其强烈的人文精神及其高超的表现手法对我国当代油产生过深远影响。在俄罗斯这块神秘而充满民族风情的土地上,孕育了众多彪炳史册的美术巨匠。这些大师以深邃的艺术构思、精湛的绘画技巧构筑了20世纪俄罗斯绘画艺术的辉煌。特列恰科夫国家画廊和俄罗斯博物馆是俄罗斯久负盛名的国家级博物馆,在世界上享有很高声誉。在那里集中收藏了俄罗斯本土最优秀的画家所创作的油画精品,     

中国对外直接投资母国就业效应的区域差异分析

出于进一步优化我国对外直接投资结构之目的,文章分析了中国对外直接投资母国就业效应的区域差异。经过对中国全国范围内及各省(市、区)对外直接投资的母国就业效应的检验,结果证实:在长期内我国对外直接投资与就业间正相关,而最近8年各省(市、区)对外直接投资的母国就业效应存在一定差异,其中"一线城市"及沿边省份呈微弱负相关,其余省份为正相关。文章提出应针对不同区域采取有针对性的对外直接投资政策,并加强适龄劳动力可就业能力培养,以进一步减小对外直接投资母国就业效应区域差异。     

移民就业实现历史性重大突破——重庆市消除三峡移民"零就业家庭"目标提前实现

就业乃民生之本.产业空虚是目前库区各种矛盾和问题的症结所在,全市必须集中人力、物力、财力打好库区产业发展攻坚战.要倾力解决库区的就业问题.就业,是库区群众最大的心愿,最强烈的要求.