我国装备制造业技术创新能力研究——基于DEA和Granger检验的实证分析

运用DEA和Granger检验,对我国装备制造业技术创新能力进行评价,对其创新动力进行实证分析。结果表明:我国装备制造业整体创新能力不强,多数行业的技术创新动力来自技术引进、技术改造,技术自主研发能力和消化吸收能力较弱,技术进步效应低下。文章分析了各子行业优势、劣势,并对其创新资源配置给出了指导提出相应的建议和措施。     

Separability test for the electricity supply industry

This paper examines the vertical integration issue of the electricity industry. This industry is typically vertically integrated and heavily regulated. The paper investigates the potential technological efficiency loss due to the vertical disintegration using the translog production function. Three separability hypotheses using the Allen-Uzawa elasticity of substitution are tested to examine the feasibility of various degrees of disintegration of the current industry structure. All three separability hypotheses are rejected, and the cost of disintegration is estimated. Further, estimates indicate that the electricity industry appears to have exhausted economies of scale. Unlike other deregulated industries, disintegration of the electricity industry will entail technological efficiency loss.     

The impact of renewable energy diffusion on European consumption-based emissions

The amount of carbon embedded in the final consumption of goods and services in a country or region depends on the amount of goods and services consumed and the emission intensity of the production processes along global production chains. A reduction of consumption-based emissions can be achieved from both sides, a reduction in total consumption and a reduction in the emission intensity of the production processes. The power sector is one of the most carbon intensive industries along global production chains and the global deployment of renewable power generation technologies (RPGTs) is one possibility to significantly reduce emissions in this industry. This paper combines three different strands of literature, multi-regional input–output analysis, dynamic energy–economy–environment models and technological change in renewable energy (RE), to model the impact of the global diffusion of renewable energies on European consumption-based emissions. The global diffusion of RE technologies (photovoltaic and wind) depends on the development of technology costs, which are modeled using learning curves. With increasing deployment of renewables within the EU as well as increasing RD&D efforts, the EU can achieve an accelerated costs decrease for these technologies, thus fostering deployment of RPGTs at a global scale through the effect of decreasing costs. This behavior indirectly influences the electricity mix abroad, making it less carbon intensive, so that consumption-based emissions of the EU decrease.     

The effect of environmental dynamism on returns to inventory leanness

This paper adds to the empirical inventory management literature by examining the moderating effects of environmental dynamism on the relationship between inventory leanness and financial performance. While the financial implications of inventory management practices have been extensively studied in the literature, it is clear that lean inventory strategies may not have the same payoff for all firms in all industries. Grounded in inventory theory, this study explores how firm characteristics and environmental dynamism—measured in terms of innovative intensity, demand uncertainty and competitive intensity—moderate the inventory leanness–performance link. We use hierarchical linear modeling to analyze a data set of 5749 firm-year observations from 123 U.S. manufacturing industries. In line with the hypotheses set forth, the results indicate that innovative intensity in an industry increases the effect of inventory leanness on firm performance while competitive intensity has the opposite effect. The hypothesis with respect to the moderating role of demand uncertainty is not supported. Another interesting and important finding is that inventory leanness accounts for nearly one third of the variation in firm performance after controlling for firm size and growth, thus underlining the importance of efficient and effective inventory management for overall firm success.     

产业内贸易的技术进步效应研究——以我国高技术产业为例

本研究根据1996-2008年的相关数据,以我国高技术产业的产业内贸易和技术进步为研究对象,在对高技术产业的产业内贸易程度和技术进步率进行定性分析的基础上,采用Engle-Granger协整检验和回归等方法,对我国高技术产业产业内贸易对于技术进步的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,我国高技术产业的产业内贸易对我国技术进步具有一定的正面效应。因此,我们应该充分利用产业内贸易引发的技术外溢与技术扩散效应,不单纯的引进和模仿他国技术,而是自主开发和技术创新,提高我国高技术产业的技术含量,提升高技术产品各产业链的整体竞争力。     

数字技术赋能服务业生产率：理论机制与经验证据

本文基于理论模型阐释数字技术对服务业生产率的影响,分析高技能劳动力与市场化水平对二者关系的调节效应,并从数字产业的发展与数字技术的应用等维度构建指标体系,测算2011—2019年中国30个省份的数字技术水平,实证检验数字技术对服务业生产率的影响与异质性冲击。结果表明：（1）数字技术对服务业生产率有显著的赋能效应;（2）数字技术对服务业生产率的赋能效应在中西部地区更加凸显,在东部地区暂未显现;（3）数字技术对服务业生产率的影响更加偏向于批发和零售业,交通运输、仓储和邮政业,金融业,房地产业等数据要素投入较多的行业;（4）高技能劳动力更易适应数字技术带来的变化,能够强化数字技术对服务业生产率的赋能;（5）市场化水平的提高能够进一步释放数字技术红利,从而显著增强数字技术对服务业生产率的积极影响。     

精密装备制造企业科技管理模式的研究

精密装备制造业是为国防和经济提供生产、技术装备的制造业,能够提供广义制造业所需的关键设备及零部件,处于制造产业链的顶端,是制造业的核心组成部分,涉及极多的复杂、精密和尖端技术。论文首先概述了精密装备制造企业的特征及现状,并基于传统精密装备制造企业科技管理模式的问题,分别从以持续眼光优化项目、处理技术创新与技术引进的关系、重视并加强风险管控和产学研等方面,就精密装备制造企业科技管理模式的优化提出了建议。     

The challenge of computer-integrated manufacturing

Recent years have seen major changes in the pattern of industrial production. Three forces have been particularly significant in driving industry along the road to advanced automated production; growing international competition, the example of Japan and the availability of new technology. Their combined effect is a trend towards advanced and integrated manufacturing systems.These changes require what are often radical adjustments in the philosophy of production management, away from traditional concerns with discrete operations and towards a total systems management approach.This paper examines some of the features of the challenge posed to production management by the technological changes embodied in the “factory of the future”.     

Reconciling the Porter hypothesis with the traditional paradigm about environmental regulation: a nonparametric approach

This paper estimates the impact of pollution abatement investments on the production technology of firms by pursuing two new directions. First, we take advantage of recent econometric developments in productivity, efficiency analysis and nonparametric kernel regression by adopting a conditional nonparametric frontier analysis. Second, we focus not only on the average effect but also search for potential nonlinearities. We provide new results suggesting that pollution abatement capital affects with a bell-shaped fashion technological catch-up (inefficiency distribution) and does not affect technological change (shifts in the frontier). These results have relevant implications both for modeling and for the purposes of advice on environmentally friendly policy.     

Group technology application in China

Great attention has been paid to Group Technology (GT) along with the development of multi-product and small-batch production in China. GT has become an important technological innovation project in the Chinese machinery industry and has been widely applied nationally. It is extending into the area of higher technology. This paper is about a Chinese way of combining GT with industrial production and its successes over the last 10 years.     

Innovation and technical change in the U.S. steel industry

The renewed interest in small business according to Piore and Sable (The Second Industrial Divide. Basic Books, New York, 1984) is explained by the choice of technological modes that society faces today. This paper presents the evidence on the use of flexible-specialization technologies in the steel industry. After laying out the difference between mass production and flexible-specialization technologies, I explores the process of innovation in the steel industry in conjunction with the concept of flexible technologies. Finally, I examine the role played by management in bringing the new technology on line.     

Industrialization bottlenecks and the development of industrial technology

Policies other than those designated as dealing primarily with technology have important consequences for the technological development of industry. This is especially true in a region such as Latin America, where most technological development accompanies ongoing investment activity, and is shaped to a considerable extent by market needs and evolving problems related to production and the supply of inputs. Problems become bottlenecks when they interfere with a smoothly functioning process of industrialization and are difficult and costly to overcome; it is essential to understand more about such bottlenecks, the way in which they are perceived and the manner in which they are most successfully dealt with. This paper lists the major categories of bottlenecks and discusses the special significance which four of them have for the technological development of industry. The four considered are constraints in importing production inputs, financing difficulties, human resources limitations, and unclear economic signals. It is suggested, moreover, that certain resolutions of these bottlenecks in the short run lead to serious problems in the long run, and may interfere with a desirable course of technological development.     

我国农产品物流要素贡献率实证研究

本文根据1991-2005年我国农产品物流行业投入产出数据,利用生产函数拟合法对影响农产品物流行业发展的劳动力、资本、技术三大要素贡献率进行计算与分析：资本投入和技术进步是推动我国农产品物流行业增长的主要力量,劳动要素对农产品物流行业的贡献相对有限。我国农产品物流行业面临劳动要素贡献低,而资本、技术要素虽贡献率高但起点较低的困境。因此必须完善硬件设施、提高技术水平和劳动者素质。     

FDI对东道国内资企业技术进步影响作用的实证研究——基于苏州和宁波的比较

本文以Caves(1974)的经典模型为基础构建计量模型,以苏州、宁波两地的工业部门为研究对象,分析检验两地FDI对东道国内资企业技术进步的影响作用。分析结果表明,苏州的FDI对本土的内资企业的技术进步产生了显著的促进作用,而宁波的FDI所产生的作用非常微弱,并没有促进内资企业的生产率的提高。     

The Role of Export Market Participation in the Choice of Organizational Form of Production Technology*

This paper shows that the reason for a higher capital–labour ratio, observed for exporting firms, is a higher capital intensity of their production technology. Exporters choose to use different organizational forms of their production process, in which the share of capital and intermediate inputs in the final output is higher than that of non‐exporters. The organization of the production process is part of the firm's organizational strategy, which generates within‐industry heterogeneity in factor intensities and production technologies. The results of this study indicate that the decision to export is preceded by a process of restructuring production technology, which then has the effect of increasing a firms’ productivity and in so doing prepares them for competition in the global market.     

文化与科技融合的实现路径

文化发展与科技创新两者交织融合,科技创新是文化发展的重要引擎,文化发展也成为科技创新的引领。文化与科技融合本质是由科技突破和技术创新所带来文化产业在生产方式、消费方式、产业形态和产业结构等方面的变革,融合的核心是价值链重构,融合广泛发生在产业、市场、企业和生产要素等领域。目前,我国文化与科技的融合相对滞后,发展压力与发展机遇并存。从路径上来说,可从产业、市场、企业和人才四个方面实现文化与科技的融合。     

Efficiency and Technological Change in the U.S. Brewing Industry

This study demonstrates that the measurement of technological change and economic efficiency are tightly linked. Efficiency measures may depend on carefully controlling for technological change, while tests of technological change may be sensitive to empirical model specifications. Moreover, the study underlines Solow's (1994) and Romer's (1994) admonition that econometricians should pay attention to industry and institutional evidence in building models of technological change. The empirical results presented here suggest that there has been substantial technological change in the U.S. brewing industry from 1950 to 1992. This occurred in the form of a dramatic shift in technology beginning with the introduction of super breweries in about 1972. There has also been a substantial increase in scale economies, which undoubtedly caused many inefficiently small firms to exit the industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Further results suggest that a more complete specification of technological change and the stochastic nature of the frontier production function leads to higher and more tenable estimates of efficiency.     

莱钢冷轧薄板HPH罩式退火炉过程控制系统

随着强对流技术的引进和HPH（高效氢气）技术发展,罩式全氢退火炉已在一些冶金行业的现代化冷轧生产线中得到普遍采用,罩式退火炉的工艺过程较复杂,控制的设备和介质数量较多,本文主要针对过程控制系统做简要介绍。     

实体企业金融化对技术创新的影响研究

以2007—2017年中国沪深A股非金融类上市企业为样本,本文研究金融化对企业总体技术创新、突破式创新以及渐进式创新的影响。结果表明,金融化会显著抑制企业不同类型技术创新,且对突破式创新的抑制作用较大。在此基础上,将经济不确定性纳入研究框架发现,经济不确定性增加不仅会扩大金融化对企业不同类型技术创新的抑制作用,且这一抑制作用因企业所有权和所属产业不同而有所差异。其中,对于低创新强度的国有企业和非高新技术企业,经济不确定性增加会扩大金融化对其渐进式创新的抑制作用;而对于高创新强度的非国有企业和高新技术企业,经济不确定性增加则会扩大金融化对其突破式创新的抑制作用。进一步分析不同期限的金融资产投资对企业不同类型技术创新的影响,发现长期金融化会显著抑制企业不同类型技术创新,而短期金融化的影响则不显著。     

How do technological innovations affect corporate investment and hiring?

In this paper, we study the relation between technological advancement, and corporate investment and hiring. We build a corporate investment model with dynamic technology conditions, and we find the optimal investment and labor inputs increase in response to technological innovation shocks. Consistent with the model predictions, we empirically show that corporate investment and hiring increase following technological advancements, using various measures of technological innovation. Further, we find the effect is stronger for firms in more innovative industry, firms with higher capital intensity and firms with higher market-to-book ratio. Our findings provide evidence for the endogenous growth theory, i.e., firms with successful innovations tend to expand in capital investment and employment, suggesting technological innovations are, to some extent, Hicks-neutral.