The influence of social relationships on international students' intentions to remain abroad: multi-group analysis by marital status

International graduate students are regarded as highly educated global human resources who are necessary for many organizations to survive the global competition. Even though it is regarded that being married is a key factor influencing international mobility, there is little research on differences in intentions to remain abroad between the single and the married. The purpose of this study was to examine how international graduate students' intentions to remain in the USA after graduation differ by marital status. Using a multi-group path model analysis, the hypothesized model was individually tested by marital status, and relationships between the variables were compared. Data from a self-report survey (n = 451) provided that single students' relationships and married students' relationships differed. There was a negative significant relationship between home country family ties and intention to remain for single students. The relationship between satisfaction with the university and intention to remain was positively significant only for single students. There was a positive significant indirect relationship between social support and intentions to remain for single students. The significance of this study can be found in the contributions to research and practices in recruiting and retaining international graduates.     

Perceptions of the value of the HR function

This article explores the added value of the HR function as it is perceived by three groups of managers: top managers, HR managers and line managers. Despite the fact that literature about strategic HRM focuses almost exclusively on the value of the HR function as a strategic partner, it was assumed that its perceived value for the business would not be restricted to the area of strategy formulation and implementation. Several 'result domains' can be distinguished in which the HR function can deliver value to the business. Based on our review of the literature, the degree of strategic involvement of the function was used as a second perspective to investigate its perceived added value. To examine our propositions, a qualitative study was carried out in which 97 HR managers, 38 top managers and 178 line managers participated. The results confirm our thesis that the perceived value of the HR function contains more than just the fulfilment of its role as a strategic partner. Based on our results, an integrated model for the perceived value of the function has been developed.     

共享审计能够提高企业价值吗?——基于我国A股上市公司的实证研究

以2011—2019年我国A股上市公司供应链企业共享审计为研究对象,实证研究共享审计对企业价值的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明,共享审计能够促进企业价值的提升,且分析师跟踪人数越多,共享审计对企业价值的促进作用越显著,进一步研究发现共享审计主要通过降低信息不对称和抑制盈余操纵行为来影响企业价值。研究结论为进一步探讨企业价值提供了新的视角,也为促进资本市场高质量发展提供一定的借鉴和启示。     

Food-For-Work versus Cash-For-Work: Emergency Assistance in Palestine

In this paper we analyse the provision of emergency assistance (food assistance, cash transfers, employment programmes, etc) to a country whose economy has been decimated since the start of the second intifada. We try to simulate the different potential effects brought about by these different policies and, in particular, to draw some policy implications concerning the Food-for-Work versus Cash-for-Work debate. To that end we have constructed a general equilibrium model of the Palestinian economy that we calibrate on the (pre-intifada) Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of 1998. We give a so-called 'intifada-shock' to construct a counterfactual 'post-intifada' SAM which serves as basis for our policy simulations. We show that monetary aid from abroad is to be preferred to food aid from abroad. We argue that a labour-oriented approach (subsidizing the most labour-intensive sectors) is to be preferred to a welfare-oriented approach where the subsidized sectors produce those goods that dominate the consumption basket.     

Price Fairness in the Case of Green Products: Enterprises' Policies and Consumers' Perceptions

This study investigates the extent to which prices of ecological products are fair. In particular, it explores the gap that can exist between the pricing policies adopted by enterprises and the consumers' price expectations in terms of fairness. The existing academic literature on sustainable consumption neglects this question. Findings from a qualitative investigation combining a consumer study and enterprise case studies show that managers' behaviors vary. While some enterprises take into account consumers' expectations and purchasing power to propose a fair price based on the value of the green product, others continue to adopt a pricing policy that is exclusively based on profitability and competition. The authors draw some business and academic implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

技术势差、要素替代与制造业核心技术突破——基于系统动力学模型的理论分析

在有限的前沿技术公开度之下,巨大的技术势差是制约中国制造业核心技术突破的重要原因。从宏观上讲,经济和技术政策均会对技术变革产生一定的影响。从微观上讲,核心技术突破所获得的持续利润增长决定了企业技术研发的创新投入动机。利用产品质量模型并借鉴L-V理论,引入前沿技术势差、要素替代弹性等关键变量构建系统动力学模型,研究发现：较为宽松的技术竞争环境能够带来更高的研发产出效率,而降级技术势差初始门限值则能激发企业较高的研发投入动机;相反,要素替代弹性的上升则不利于研发投入的产出效率增加。为此,中国制造业核心技术的创新和突破,不仅需要宽松的技术竞争环境,还需要降低与国际前沿技术之间的势差。     

Willingness and capacity: the determinants of prosocial organizational behaviour among nurses in the UK

Employees' prosocial organizational behaviour (PSOB), such as 'helping' and 'service quality' behaviour, is widely recognized as an important contributor to organizational success, particularly in service industry. Empirical studies in this area have been mainly conducted in the US context with samples of non-professional service workers. In this paper, PSOB among UK National Health Service nurses was empirically examined. Based on the general motivation and performance literature in psychology, nurses' PSOB performance was theoretically hypothesized to be a function of both their 'willingness' and their 'capacity' for PSOB performance. The 'willingness' component is captured by nurses' 'commitment' to their workplace and to their occupation, while the 'capacity' factor is tapped by nurses' sense of 'self-efficacy'. The empirical results of this study indicate that the level of PSOB is significantly explained by both commitment and self-efficacy and the contributions of self-efficacy and commitment to PSOB were independent and incremental. However, of the two forms of commitment, it was nurses' organizational rather than their occupational commitment which proved to be important. The theoretical contributions of the study and its implications for HRM practices are discussed.     

'The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates': a reappraisal

While there is now a mature literature on many aspects of the management of employees on international assignments (IAs), there is still considerable controversy about the numbers of expatriates who actually fail in these. Traditionally, this has been defined as the number of staff who return home before the agreed end of an IA, because of poor work performance and/or personal problems. Employing this definition, the research described in this paper supports the view that expatriate failure rates (EFRs), among UK employees are, indeed, very low (on average, around 8 per cent). However, this article argues that this traditional definition has limitations and does not reveal the true extent of the problems which IAs can cause to some expatriates and their dependants both during their time abroad and after returning to the UK. The paper then goes onto argue that a broader definition of 'failure' is needed, which includes: an acknowledgement of the considerable stresses and strains experienced by a minority of staff who are under-performing on IAs; the 'poaching' of successful managers by other companies while they are abroad or at the end of their IAs; the often negative outcomes of repatriation experienced by many employees in recent years; the negative (and largely unreported) effects on some families and the career prospects of partners and negative views about the prospect of overseas postings in the future.     

Frontier-free Europe: a study of female migrants in the banking sector

Legislation on 'freedom of movement' guarantees the recognition of qualifications between countries of the European Union (EU), and is meant to provide migrants with access to employment in all member states. This paper reports on a study undertaken of EU migrant women in the banking sector in Britain, Germany and Spain. The discusses the experiences of migrants with regard to access to employment and positions abroad comparable to those held prior to migration. Migrants in this case experienced obstacles in the access to such employment. Although their experiences influenced by labour-market needs, findings suggest that the determining factors for barriers encountered were differences in the education and training cultures of countries pre- and post-migration, and the values and attitudes attached to these in of expectations by employers and migrants themselves.     

Goodbye Germany! The influence of personality and cognitive factors on the intention to work abroad

The demand for internationally mobile employees is increasing with globalization. Being able to assess an employee's intention to work abroad already at the stage of hiring becomes an important criteria for employee selection. Cognitions specified by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) were examined as mediators of the relationship between individuals' personality traits and the intention to work abroad. Utilizing a sample of 518 German business students, mediation analysis suggests that the cognitive constructs contained within the TPB fully mediate the relationships between the personality traits of openness to experience and extraversions and the intention to work abroad.     

Understanding the value of project management from a stakeholder's perspective: Case study of mega‐project management

Project management can generate significant value for organizations (Thomas & Mullaly, 2007). However, the value of project management varies depending on the different size and complexity of projects managed. Focusing on mega‐projects, this study explores the value of project management from the stakeholders' perspective, thereby creating a value framework. In the case of SHRBC Company, it analyzes the company's project management practice and the value of project management, and consequently certifies the applicability of this value framework through empirical study.     

企业社会责任报告语调与分析师预测：信号还是迎合？

运用文本分析方法提取了2010—2018年上市公司社会责任报告的文本语调信息，基于信号理论和迎合理论探讨企业社会责任报告语调对分析师预测的影响。研究发现，企业社会责任报告的净正面语调降低了分析师预测偏差和分析师预测分歧度，并且在分析师预测存在乐观偏差时这种作用更加显著。进一步分析发现，企业社会责任报告语调对分析师预测的积极作用仅发生在强制披露和不遵守可持续发展报告指南的企业中以及经验较少、非明星分析师中。经济后果检验发现，社会责任报告语调通过降低分析师预测偏差和分歧度缓解了公司股价崩盘风险。研究结论不仅有助于丰富非财务信息披露经济后果和分析师预测影响因素两个领域的学术文献，而且可以为监管部门合理规范企业社会责任报告披露和投资者有效利用企业社会责任报告中的语调信息提供有益借鉴。     

Models for comparative analysis of culture: the case of Poland

This paper examines the main theoretical frameworks for analysis comparative cultural attitudes. A critical discussion of the work by Kluckhohn Strodtbeck, Hofstede and Trompenaars leads to a new theoretical approach for study the national cultural attitudes and norms of behaviour. A methodology based on research is designed to compare the 'internalized' norms of behaviour with 'perceived' norms. Two different but complementary techniques are applied to a sample of Polish students to investigate Polish cultural attitudes using Hofstede's dimensions. Significant discrepancy is found between what people perceive communicate in public as the 'national cultural norm', and what they have internalized cultural attitude and norm of behaviour. The findings from this exploratory research indicate that there are different levels of internalization of cultural attitudes, and respondents express different cultural values in response to different research tools.     

Stakeholder Engagement and Sustainable Corporate Community Investment

This paper presents the findings of research exploring the value and impacts of corporate community investment (CCI) through community partnerships. The research considered the community partners' perceptions of the value and impact of CCI. We adopted an inquiry paradigm utilising constructivist ontology, interpretivist epistemology and a case study method. In dialogue with Wesfarmers Ltd's community partners, the ‘realities’ presented by these beneficiary stakeholders were interpreted and understood (verstehen). While the CCI programmes with each of the not‐for‐profit organisations had different objectives, we were able to classify, under broad headings, the nature of the benefits to the community. One question highlighted is whether all corporate investing is the same? We found two aspects to this: the strategic fit for the community organisation of proposed investment and whether the corporate partner sought a relational as opposed to transactional approach to funding provision. Recommendations can be made for the funding structure deemed to be most effective from the community partners' perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Does it pay to venture abroad? Exporting behavior and the performance of firms in Indian industry

Using contemporary data for a firm-level sample of over 600 Indian firms, this paper investigates the impact that an export-orientation has on the profitability of the firms studied. The results, based on a two-stage least squares method, establish a positive and significant relationship between firms' levels of exports and profitability. For firms from developing and transition economies like India it does pay to venture abroad, and the ability to sell goods overseas has a significant impact on firms' economic performance. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环保产业政策支持与企业环境治理动机——基于重污染上市公司的经验证据

以2006—2015年沪深A股重污染上市公司为研究样本,实证考察环保产业政策支持企业参与环境治理的动机。研究表明,环保产业政策支持企业的环境治理行为兼具价值创造动机与高管自利动机,且主要体现在非国有企业或高融资约束企业方面。进一步分析发现,环保产业政策支持企业的环境治理投资整体有利于企业价值创造,但具有时滞性。具体而言,基于价值创造动机的环境治理投资可提升企业价值,而高管自利动机下的环境治理投资不利于企业价值创造。这一研究丰富了环保产业政策的分析视角以及企业环境治理投资的相关研究,为政府从高管动机层面优化环境治理政策以实现高质量可持续发展提供经验证据。     

Not part of the family? The limits to managing the corporate way in international hotel chains

Companies increasingly seek solutions to the corporate/local dichotomies perceived to be a feature of more traditional approaches to managing across national boundaries. At the human resource level, the rhetoric of transnationalism emphasizes integration being achieved through 'soft' mechanisms, such as corporate culture devices, which encourage all managers to develop an international (for this read corporate) perspective on what they do. In theory, managerial staff are recruited and promoted on a 'best person for the job' basis and national identities are played down. Drawing upon evidence from three international hotel chains (one American, one French and one Swedish), this paper argues that there is a disjuncture between corporate culture devices which assume that they can transcend national origins and the issues of interest and identity which inform the activities and experiences of managers at unit level. The paper suggests that companies need to be aware of the danger of assuming that one can be trained to be 'one of the family'. Rather, we argue that local managers are potentially disadvantaged in terms of career progression as managers from the parent country utilize criteria of acceptability informed by processes of socialization which are more institutionally embedded and derived than has been assumed.     

董责险对企业非效率投资的抑制机理 ——基于监督与信号传递效应的共同中介作用

董事高管责任保险作为一种分散企业经营风险的工具,也是保险公司以非投资者身份参与上市公司治理的一种重要形式.本文以2007—2018年A股上市公司作为研究样本,运用中介效应分步检验法,研究表明董责险通过降低企业内部代理成本和加剧外部融资约束来抑制企业的非效率投资和过度投资行为,代理成本和融资约束在其中发挥部分中介作用,说明董责险一方面能够完善企业的监督机制,另一方面又向外界传递企业存在风险的信号.进一步检验发现,董事高管责任保险的抑制作用在成熟期企业和国有企业中表现得更加显著.本文为上市公司购买董责险、健全和完善公司治理机制提供参考.     

担保网络影响分析师盈余预测偏差吗？

以2008—2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,采用社会网络分析法考察上市公司担保网络对分析师盈余预测的影响。研究发现,上市公司加入担保网络会显著增加分析师盈余预测偏差,降低预测准确度,这种负面效应在双向担保、跨省融资担保、长期处于担保网络以及位于担保网络结构洞位置的上市公司中更加明显,而上市公司选择退出担保网络则有效降低了这种负面影响,提高了分析师盈余预测准确度。进一步研究发现,会计信息可比性是担保网络影响分析师盈余预测偏差的一条重要作用路径。调节效应分析结果显示,高质量的内部控制、良好的公司治理等内部治理机制与媒体监督、机构投资者治理等外部治理机制均能够有效降低担保网络上市公司对分析师盈余预测偏差的消极影响。研究结果有助于进一步梳理企业间复杂关系对资本市场信息传递效率的影响,为资本市场各方参与者有效缓解担保网络的消极影响提供了经验证据与政策方向。