东道国网络结构三维嵌入与零售专业技能跨国转移

从网络视角运用嵌入关系来分析零售专业技能跨国转移具有重要意义.通过对沃尔玛、家乐福和乐购在华子公司的案例分析,发现零售企业海外子公司东道国网络的关系嵌入、网络中心度、网络密度对零售专业技能跨国转移的效果有正向影响,群体中心度对零售专业技能跨国转移的效果有负向影响.     

国际零售业发展趋势及我国零售业发展的对策

2004年底,我国取消了对外商投资商业企业在地域、股权和数量等方面的限制,中国零售业全面对外资开放。随着跨国零售集团的大举进入,我国零售企业面临严峻的挑战。所以,必须考察在经济全球化条件下世界零售业的发展趋势,从中比较分析中外零售业的竞争优势、劣势,从而采取适当的对策来提升我国零售业的国际竞争力。     

A Learning Framework for Customer Integration: Know-How Acquisition, Dissemination and Utilization

Successful product innovation has increasingly been recognized as an outcome of integrating customers in the new product development process. Despite the attention of this research subject, the comprehension of how to learn from customers is still limited in scope and in depth. This research investigates ‘learning’ in the customer integration context and discusses a conceptual framework from learning theory with customer know-how acquisition, dissemination and utilization as critical steps. The paper reports a comparative case study of new product development projects in a business-to-business context. The findings show empirical support for the developed framework and demonstrate the importance of a differentiated consideration of the three steps. They lead to determinants for successful customer know-how integration in new product development projects.     

Learning and knowledge in early internationalization research: Past accomplishments and future directions

This article provides an evaluative overview of international entrepreneurship literature, in which the issues of learning and knowledge feature as central components underlying the causes, processes, and outcomes of early internationalization. We rely on Huber's (1991) categorization of five knowledge acquisition types - experiential learning, vicarious learning, searching, grafting, and congenital learning - to organize our review and to guide our examination of the literature. We discuss convergent findings in terms of conceptual and empirical issues and set forth areas for future research.     

A Framework for Understanding Corporate Social Responsibility Programs as a Continuum: An Exploratory Study

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs are increasingly popular corporate marketing strategies. This paper argues that CSR programs can fall along a continuum between two endpoints: Institutionalized programs and Promotional programs. This classification is based on an exploratory study examining the variance of four responses from the consumer stakeholder group toward these two categories of CSR. Institutionalized CSR programs are argued to be most effective at increasing customer loyalty, enhancing attitude toward the company, and decreasing consumer skepticism. Promotional CSR programs are argued to be more effective at generating purchase intent. Ethical and managerial implications of these preliminary findings are discussed. Julie Pirsch, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Villanova University. She researches in the areas of cause-related marketing, corporate social responsibility, and new product development. Shruti Gupta, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Management at The Pennsylvania State University at Abington, in Abington, Pennsylvania. Dr. Gupta’s research interests lie in the area of corporate social responsibility, cause-related marketing, environmental consumerism, and social marketing issues. Stacy Landreth, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of North Texas. She researches in the areas of cause-related marketing and social marketing alliances, as well as advertising source effects.     

政府对农村金融支持的国际比较研究

建设社会主义新农村,离不开金融的支持。但我国现行农村金融体制还存在种种缺陷,严重阻碍了农村经济的发展。文章探讨了美国、日本、印度、泰国等国家的成功经验,并针对我国的实际情况,提出了建立健全农业金融法律体系;完善农村金融体系建设;建立农贷风险补偿机制,提高防范和化解农村金融风险的能力;拓展多种渠道筹集资金支持农业发展;建立多渠道资金回流农村的长效机制;不断创新金融产品和服务形式;规范和引导农村民间金融的发展。     

Customer Experience Management in Retailing: An Organizing Framework

Survival in today's economic climate and competitive retail environment requires more than just low prices and innovative products. To compete effectively, businesses must focus on the customer's shopping experience. To manage a customer's experience, retailers should understand what “customer experience” actually means. Customer experience includes every point of contact at which the customer interacts with the business, product, or service. Customer experience management represents a business strategy designed to manage the customer experience. It represents a strategy that results in a win-win value exchange between the retailer and its customers. This paper focuses on the role of macro factors in the retail environment and how they can shape customer experiences and behaviors. Several ways (e.g., promotion, price, merchandise, supply chain and location) to deliver a superior customer experience are identified which should result in higher customer satisfaction, more frequent shopping visits, larger wallet shares, and higher profits.     

提高我国零售企业国际竞争力的对策

面对国际商业企业的冲击,我国零售企业要发挥自身发展空间和发展潜力较大及国家政策支持的优势,通过创新来提高国际竞争力。在制度创新方面,积极推进以产权制度为核心的改革,建立产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度,组建跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制的企业集团,形成产业的有效规模;在经营创新方面,塑造企业形象,实施品牌战略,建立现代企业文化,合理布局网点,扩大经营空间,使多种零售业态共同发展,新业态快速成熟;在管理创新方面,实施知识管理和战略管理,建立科学的人才激励机制和培养机制;在技术创新方面,采用先进的经营技术和管理技术,发展电子商务。     

人民币成为储备货币的条件探讨

比较学术界流行的储备货币形成条件与牙买加体系下储备货币演化的实际过程,得出一国货币成为储备货币须具备稳定的政治经济环境等五个条件.据此考查人民币,其成为储备货币的五个条件中已成熟了三个,还缺少两个;但从目前我国政府的政策看,另两个条件完善的时间也并不遥远.     

构建我国国际化采购人才培养体系的研究

本文认为,我国国际化采购人才的培养应采取学校培养、社会培训、企业再造、国外招聘、单位选送、联合培养、友好交流等方式。学校培养应通过符合国内教育模式和指导思想的国际化采购与供应链管理方向的工商管理专业或物流管理、公共(政府)管理、商业管理专业来完成,培养层次应落实在专科、本科和研究生教育上,以本科教学为主,侧重于实践,强调资源收集、分析、获取,机会捕捉、渠道建立、成本分析论证、工作与质量保证、危机处理。职业资格认证应借鉴国外经验,将我国的初级、中级、高级三级认证向国际企业推广,争取在国际上得到认可,或与国际权威认证机构合作,共同培养国际型采购人才。     

To Launch or Not to Launch: An Empirical Estimate of New Food Product Success Rate

New product introduction is one of the most important activities for a company’s growth. It is generally accepted that new product introductions are essential to the health of food companies. Yet, many believe that most new products fail, therefore discouraging companies to introduce some new products. However, most of the estimates suggesting high failure rates are either anecdotal or qualitative. This article provides a quantitative approach to measuring new product success rates for food products and to show the relationship between the success of new product and entry strategies. This article uses a quantitative approach to measuring product success/failure exclusively for food products. The authors contend that failure rates for food products are not nearly as low, and success rates much higher than it was previously established in the literature and perceived by the industry professionals. There was a significant variability of success rates between various food groups ranging from 58% for both fruit and vegetables and desserts and ice-cream categories to 88% for baby food. Success rates also varied among the different introductory strategies of the new food products, ranging from 50% for new packaging to 75% for re-launch strategies.

Academics and practitioners usually quote very low success rates for new products based on subjective and/or strictly qualitative information. This empirical quantitative research shows that success rates for food products are much higher than previously reported. This should encourage greater use of new products to grow sales and profits. The previously reported low success rate may have led to the reluctance to introduce new products and therefore set many of the legacy food companies in their current poor financial condition.     

An empirical study on critical success factors for electronic commerce in the Chinese publishing industry

Critical success factors for electronic commerce (e-commerce) have been a hot topic in both the academe and industry. This paper puts forward hypotheses on success factors for e-commerce of traditional companies first. Then, it conducts an empirical study on the Chinese publishing industry in order to verify the hypotheses. After testing the validity and reliability of the data, this paper verifies the hypotheses with regression analyses, and finally identifies factors impacting e-commerce success such as leadership, strategy, organization, management, IT, customers, comprehensive functions of website and customer-oriented functions. In addition, customers, strategy, IT and comprehensive functions of website are identified as the critical factors impacting e-commerce success. This research not only stimulates e-commerce research in China, but also has an instructional effect on the implementation of e-commerce so that Chinese publishing enterprises can increase the success rate of their e-commerce objectives. Translated from Xitong Gongcheng Lilun yu Shijian 系统工程理论与实践 (System Engineering Theories and Practice), 2006, 26(2): 27–35     

模块化生产网络的治理:一个分析框架

在全球化生产背景下,模块化生产网络面临复杂的环境,从而带来一系列的风险.文章针对模块化生产网络中的关系风险、绩效风险和嵌入性风险,提出了一条网络治理的分析路径.它主要包括治理环境、治理模式、治理机制和治理目标,其中治理模式有紧密型治理和松散型治理,治理机制包括合同治理和关系治理,治理目标主要是防止机会主义,提高运作绩效和消除锁定效应.沿着这线索,文章构建了一个模块化生产网络治理的系统分析框架.     

国际经验及其对中国争夺稀土定价权的启示

中国作为世界最大的稀土供应国,长期以来却无法取得稀土的国际定价权,这不仅影响到中国企业在国际贸易中的利益,也影响到我国经济的持续稳定发展和国家经济安全。文章首先指出中国稀土国际定价权缺失的现状及其紧迫性。然后分析了欧美发达国家在争夺金属、石油、粮食等大宗商品定价权方面的成功经验。最后,在此基础上为中国争取稀土国际定价权提出了对策建议,即提高产业集中度、组建稀土卡特尔体系、形成稀土国际定价中心和建立稀土国家储备制度。     

跨国零售集团在华采购给"中国制造"带来的机遇和挑战

本文认为,跨国零售集团是当今世界商品流通的主渠道,其在华采购能够带动我国产品进入全球市场,减少生产盲目性,更有效地宣传“中国制造”的品牌,减少出口环节,降低销售成本,提高经营管理水平,但同时在对供应商的选择、采购产品的要求、企业供货能力和配送能力以及供应商有关认证的要求上也提出了更高的要求,沟通不足成为制约采购力度的根本原因。文章提出,为促进跨国零售集团加大在华采购力度,应加强质量管理,提供完善服务,开发时尚新颖的产品,加快通过标准认证,熟悉跨国零售集团采购规则并与之建立战略联盟关系,借助和依托中间商进入跨国零售集团采购筐。     

农村物流运作平台的国际比较及经验借鉴

农村物流作为现代物流的重要组成部分,对一国经济的发展起着巨大的促进作用,而这种作用的发挥必须有一个有效、完善的物流运作平台。为了加快我国农村物流运作平台的构建,促进农业经济和农村经济的发展,本文对世界上农村物流运作平台比较先进的几个发达国家与地区进行了比较分析,并概括出了值得我国学习与借鉴的一些共同经验,希望对大家有所启示。     

The Spanish Code for Good Corporate Governance (Olivencia Report): An Ethical Analysis

The aim of this article is to analyse the Report on good corporate governance (Olivencia Report) from an ethical point of view. This report was drawn up by a group of experts at the request of the National Commission of the Spanish Stock Exchange Commission (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores), in winter 1998, and began to be implemented over late 1998.This paper is the result of several sessions of discussions with businessmen and managers about the role that can be played by the Olivencia Report, its virtues and weaknesses.Our general criticism is that this Report sets out from a concept of the company as Shareholder and not as Stakeholder. This approach affects three concrete aspects of the report that we analyse in greater detail:– The affirmation as to the company's ultimate objective.– The role of the independent non-executive consultant.– The role of the vice president.We believe that this code could be very important and useful for guiding future trends in companies governing bodies, but we think that these weaknesses in its approach represent a lack of ethical sensibility and that it does not match the moral level of a modern society.     

论开放经济中的战略性贸易政策:一个基于国际租金耗散的分析框架

传统的战略性贸易政策理论是建立在封闭经济基础上的。本文力图把开放经济中的国际租金耗散问题纳入到分析框架之中,通过研究表明此时战略性贸易政策严格弱。同时由于利润转移政策的外溢效应,两国政府有进行串谋的激励。