石长铁路三官桥开站道岔拨接工务施工组织

为解决石长铁路运能与运量之间十分突出的矛盾,石长铁路有限责任公司按铁路建设相关程序和规定推进并开通三官桥缓开站扩能工程项目,该站路基及线路铺轨工作已基本完成,道岔已预铺到位,封锁拨接施工条件成熟,为确保施工安全,特制定本开站道岔拨接工务施工组织。     

Unlikely allies: Bureaucracy as a cultural trope in a grassroots volunteer organization

This article investigates the role of bureaucratic organizing in a grassroots volunteer organization, which emerged during the so-called refugee crisis in an emergency refugee shelter in Germany. Most research agrees that this type of organization is by definition counter-bureaucratic. In the organization I studied, however, volunteers adopted, accepted and acclaimed bureaucratic organizing as the only, natural and self-evident way of making the grassroots work. Drawing on ethnographic research, my analysis unravels how bureaucracy became a common frame of reference that allowed the volunteers to self-organize despite their different motivations, attitudes and social backgrounds. To theorize these findings, the paper draws on the concept of a cultural trope. In so doing, it offers a more nuanced understanding of bureaucracy in grassroots volunteer organizations that might stimulate scholars to rethink its role in other fluid, dynamic and value-driven organizations.     

城市社区民间组织与驱动功能分析--以南京鼓楼区社区民间组织为例

社区民间组织作为政府在社区开展各项工作的依靠力量,它诞生于社区,在社区建设中发挥着驱动器的功能,以南京鼓楼区社区民间组织的发展状况为例,针对社区民间组织推动和开展社区文化、服务、维权和体育、娱乐等工作中存在的问题,进行分析并提出了政策建议.     

转型社会中的社区组织建设--深圳市社区组织个案调查

以深圳市为例,分析了转型社会中社区组织建设中的新动向,讨论了社区管理体制转变的动因,指出社区组织建设的目的并不是要强化国家权力对基层社区的控制,而是要在社区层面形成法治框架内的新型社区政治.     

Hierarchical structures of communication in a network organization

We analyze the intranet communication behavior of members of a company that was deeply committed to the principles of non-hierarchical communication structures and of post-bureaucratic organization. We observe a split between the symbolic activities for creating a non-hierarchical network organization and the actual intranet communication behavior of the organization members. In their daily communication on the intranet, they persistently reproduced hierarchical structures and official channels—elements typically associated with bureaucratic organizations. Further, we find many signals in the content of the intranet messages, reflecting a social hierarchy that has evolved within the organization. Thus, despite rhetoric to the contrary, our findings regarding this communication behavior show that, to all intents and purposes, this particular organization displayed characteristics similar to those of a traditional bureaucratic organization.     

Disseminating knowledge to build a learning organization

In recent years the learning organization has become popular in the management literature but the extent to which staff typically obtain access to the information they need for enhanced learning is not well understood. This paper examines the access to information experienced by staff within a New Zealand company in terms of the topics on which information is received and the sources from which information comes. The results show significant divisions within the company on status grounds for information that is currently received. Nevertheless, no such divisions were found for the information that is sought. Limitations appeared more obviously with regard to formal information sources (for which the company is responsible) than for the informal sources (which the individual finds it easier to access). Implications for companies aspiring to strengthen their capacity to learn are briefly discussed.     

出租车市场组织形式管制效果分析——上海市出租车市场调查

通过设计、发放调查问卷,分析、评价我国城市出租车市场公司经营与个体经营的优劣,进而就目前采取的限制进入出租车市场组织形式的管制方式进行分析,提出放松个体进入限制措施、提高司机执业标准、强化进入退出机制等管制制度与政策的改革措施,以纠正市场失灵,提高资源配置效率,促进公平等管制目标的实现。     

Technological change and participation in work organization: recent results from a European Community survey

In 1987–8 a large attitudinal survey covering all twelve Member States of the European Community was carried out by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in Dublin which focused on various aspects of participation by employee representatives in new information technology. This paper presents evidence on one of the central trade union concerns about technological change – that of work organization.

The paper first sets out an explanatory framework which is based on much of the literature, surveys and case-study evidence on the impact of new technology on work and employment. Second, the explanatory factors are used to explain the wide diversity in the levels of participation in work organization across the Community. The paper concludes that there is a significant North/South divide, with the northern EC Member States, particularly Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium having much higher levels of participation in work organization than their Mediterranean partners.     

Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project

Drawing on the current research in general leadership, we propose that a process ontology is relevant and rewarding for project leadership studies. We argue that project leadership can be studied as the ongoing social production of direction through the construction of actors’ space of action, involving continuous construction and reconstruction of (1) past project activities and events; (2) positions and areas of responsibility; (3) discarded, ongoing, and future issues; and (4) intensity, rhythm, and pace. Through an ethnographic case study of an organizational change project, we show how space of action and hence the project direction are in constant flux and becoming.     

企业管理中组织形态的变化——基于GE在韦尔奇时代改革的分析

本文通过对GE在上世纪后期进行的具有跨世纪战略眼光的改革中组织形态变化的考察和研究,试图阐述这一变化背后的主因,进而指明面对不断变化发展的时代,一个现代公司的组织形态发展变化的趋势.     

Clarifying the effect of organization learning on service innovation: the mediating role of intellectual capital

Abstract

The study of intellectual capital has gained interest in today’s highly competitive landscape. Using intellectual capital as a mediator, this paper developed an integrated model to examine whether organization learning affects and increases the capacity for new service development (NSD). The results from the study of 598 hotel managers support this model across multi-dimensions of intellectual capital and show that intellectual capital plays a mediating role between organizational learning and NSD. This paper also finds exploitative organization learning enhances the positive effect of organization capital because it fosters a positive link between relational capital and human capital. The study also discusses how this intriguing pattern of mediation could be explained by using theory and research with a regulatory focus.     

Outsourcing,delocalization and firm organization: Transaction costs versus industrial relations in a local production system of Emilia Romagna

This article investigates the firms’ decisions to outsource, taking into account the impact of their embeddedness in a specific regional context on the relative entrepreneurial decision. It focuses on the role of industrial relations, as a factor that could interfere with the entrepreneurs’ decision of resorting to market relationships in discovering and exploiting new business opportunities. We study a local production system in Emilia Romagna (Northern Italy), i.e. the province of Reggio Emilia (RE), whose firms are characterized by a district kind of environment and where entrepreneurship develops in the presence of ‘thick’ industrial relations. The empirical part of the study shows that the role of transaction costs in explaining the outsourcing is blurred, while industrial relations have a stronger explanatory power. Furthermore, it seems that RE firms generally use outsourcing and international delocalization in complementary ways; however, the correlation depends on the activity and the nature of the delocalization channel. Outsourcing strategies appear to be affected by the pattern of socio-economic development in the region where the firms are located. In particular, the entrepreneurial decision to externalize a part of the production process seems to be related to the specific participatory, formal and informal mechanisms involved in regional development.     

Variance estimation in the change analysis of a linear regression model

We study a “direct test” of Chu and White (1992) proposed for detecting changes in the trend of a linear regression model. The power of this test strongly depends on a suitable estimation of the variance of the error variables involved. We discuss various types of variance estimators and derive their asymptotic properties under the null-hypothesis of “no change” as well as under the alternative of “a change in linear trend”. A small simulation study illustrates the estimators' finite sample behaviour.     

Organizational adaptation to disruptions in the natural environment: The case of climate change

Dynamic and intensified changes in the global ecosystem result in significant disruptions to the natural environment. One of the most prominent examples of this is climate change and the resulting natural disasters. As firms are embedded within the natural environment, they need to adapt to any environmental disruptions that transpire. Using Swiss and Austrian electric utilities as case studies, this paper empirically explores the underlying organizational capabilities necessary to enable adaptation to climate-related disruptions to a firm's resource supply, production processes, and product distribution. Through a case- and literature-based iterative process of analytical induction, three organizational capabilities are derived: climate knowledge absorption as an essential information generating and internalizing capability, climate-related operational flexibility as a short-term adjustment capability, and strategic climate integration as a long-term, innovation-focused capability.     

Institutions in building projects: Implications for flexibility and change

Building practice is often studied from a project management perspective, a view that stresses the temporary and unique aspects of the project organizations. However, the organization of building projects, as well as the buildings produced, varies little between projects. This homogeneity suggests that the building sector is subject to strong institutionalization. The findings of a building project case study are used to illustrate the different kinds of institutions in Swedish building. It is concluded that the strong institutions are related to a great need for coordination and communication in complex project organizations. The institutionalization could explain why initiatives generated by individual projects and companies seldom bring about long-term change in building.     

浅议不同项目组织结构在电网设计项目中的应用

随着社会经济的发展,为了适应不断变化的内外部环境,项目管理在各行各业得到了广泛的研究和应用。文章以项目团队的组织结构为研究对象,理论结合实践,对常见的三类项目组织结构类型进行了分析和比较,同时结合当前电网设计项目管理中的问题,提出了如何根据电网项目的实际情况来选择和优化组织结构,为电网设计中如何选择项目团队的组织结构提供了一般性建议。     

一个民间社区组织的成长经验及其面临的问题--来自长春市"和心俱乐部"的启示

基于对长春市一个自发社区组织"和心俱乐部"的一手调查资料,从它的生成过程、活动方式以及与外界组织的关系等三个方面探讨了这个自发社区组织的经验及其意义.和心俱乐部的成功之处在于它充分发挥了老年群体在社区工作中的作用.老年群体闲暇时间多,可以开展大量的时间密集型的公益活动;而且以老年群体为纽带,便于把社区变成熟人社会,构建自我照顾的社区支持网络.     

虚拟物流组织中战略合作伙伴努力水平的博弈分析

通过对虚拟物流组织中成员企业之间不同努力水平策略所获得的收益进行对比分析,分析组织不能达到帕累托最优解的原因,并找到合理的分配系数分布区间,为虚拟物流组织的收益分配研究提供参考。