A multifactor experiment on the generalizability of direct mail advertising response techniques to mail survey design

This field experiment support for the idea that response-enhancing techniques developed in the direct mail advertising field may be generalized to mail surveys of commercial populations. Significant response-speed techniques. It was also discovered that none of the three techniques tested significantly affected response-quality. The results of this study suggest that response-rate and-speed are stimulated by different factors which must be treated as distinct components when designing a mail survey. Finally, the findings imply that the experimental factors' effect on response-speed is an additive combination of factor interactions and main effects. This, in turn, suggests that the impact of the experimental manipulation on response-speed operates through a more complex process than the one generally found for the response-rate criterion. Acknowledgement The authors wish to express their appreciation to the funders of the study: The University of North Carolina Research Council and the Center for Applied Research at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.     

Recent evidence on the relationship between anonymity and response variables for mail surveys

Although most marketing researchers and texts recommend guaranteeing respondents anonymity in mail surveys, emirical evidence on this issue is dated, and often is based on results from student or occupational samples. The present study examines the impact of anonymity on item omission, response bias, and response quality. Based on a representative sample of respondents from a Southern SMSA, it was found that lack of anonymity had minor effects on response variables. Anonymous respondents provided slightly less information to complex questions, and lower-income respondents, nonwhites, and homeowners were more likely to identify themselves on the return envelope. Yet, the responses of these groups did not differ substantively from answers of other respondents on the range of questionnaire items examined.     

The impact of monetary inducement on uninformed response error

Response quality (accuracy) is replacing response quantity (response rate and nonresponse error) as the major issue in survey research methodology. Using a survey of 500 members of the general public from four cities, the authors examine an important aspect of response quality: uniformed response error. By asking respondents to evaluate the past performance of a fictitious public agency, the authors examine the effect that using a monetary inducement to increase the response rate to a mail survey has on uniformed response error. In addition, the ability of a “Don’t know” option to reduce uninformed response error is analyzed. The important impact that uniformed responses can have on response quality is documented. deceased     

Understanding the long-term implications of retailer returns in business-to-business relationships

Providing end consumers with the ability to return products is an important part of a retailer’s service offering. While research in reverse logistics has explored the movement of returned merchandise upstream, little research examines the relational implications of returned merchandise in the business-to-business (B2B) context. This research explores the relational implications, as well as the impact on the supplier salesperson’s behaviors, of retailer returns. Using a comprehensive dataset which includes longitudinal archival returns data, as well as two waves of retailer surveys reporting on salesperson behaviors, our research investigates how retail returns impact salesperson responses in the following time period, retailer perceptions of the relationship in the following time period, and returns in the following time period. Consistent with a reciprocal exchange perspective, results suggest that when salespeople respond to returns by engaging in relationship building behaviors, these behaviors are noted by the retailer, which in turn results in fewer returns in a future time period.     

Stamps versus postal permits: A decisional guide for return postage in mail questionnaires

Considerable evidence indicates that stamped return envelopes prompt higher rates of response than business reply permits. The authors use a measure of margin efficiency gains between return postage types to develop optimum cost guidelines to aid mail survey researchers in their choices between return mailer types.     

影响我国商业银行成本效率的因素分析

上市商业银行在投入、产出两方面均存在影响成本效率的重要因素。其中流动资产的系数表明,银行在资产运作中收益与风险的紧密相连导致该产出因素对效率的影响并不明确,从而可以推断紧缩的货币政策未必一定会对银行的效率产生负面影响。     

Personal and nonpersonal incentives in mail surveys: Immediate versus delayed inducements

A mail survey was conducted to empirically investigate contributions to charity as a method of stimulating responses to a mail survey. The research design included a control group and four experimental groups with the following treatments: a prepayment of $1.00 enclosed with the questionnaire (immediate personal reward), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with the respondent identified (delayed personal reward, no anonymity), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with no identification of the respondent (delayed personal reward, anonymity), and the promise of $1.00 contribution to a respondent-selected charity (delayed non-personal reward). The $1.00 prepayment yielded a statistically significant higher response rate than the $1.00 promised to charity or $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire. This study generally supports existing empirical foudnations of equity theory. An immediate personal reward yields a higher response rate than a delayed personal or non-personal reward.     

中国商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金之模拟分析

通过使用模拟合并的方法分析中国商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金的潜在风险和收益,研究结果表明商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金能增加银行的收益,并提高单位风险的报酬,同时能显著降低商业银行的破产概率;研究结果同时显示,合适的财险和基金业务资产比重对于达到最佳的跨业兼营效果是必不可少的.此外,对比研究发现商业银行同时跨业兼营财险和基金比商业银行单一跨业兼营财险或者基金能获得更大的风险分散收益,因此支持银行同时跨业兼营财险和基金.     

Response speeds,functions, and predictability in mail surveys

The response to business reply envelopes and first class stamped return envelopes was compared. Although response rates were significantly different, the speed of responses, in terms of how long it took respondents to answer, was not. A study of the question of predictability based on early returns revealed serious problems with a prediction technique offered in the literature.     

增加粮食收益的市场对策

粮食在国民经济中的重要地位决定粮食收益问题受到各国政府的普遍关注。基于此，文章在深入分析粮食收益下滑原因的基础上，提出了增加粮食收益的市场对策，即在政府宏观调控下，依据市场规律建立优势突出、结构合理、运作高效的粮食生产、流通体系。     

论公共理财过程中预算假设理论选择

公共理财实践要求政府在当前服务预算、固定最高限额预算和＂无限制＂预算三种预算假设理论中做出选择.不同层次的预算管理目标模式和编制技术方法构成了选择预算假设时的契入点和支撑点.在控制总投入的管理模式下,其所遵循的预算假设是满足当前服务预算或最高限额预算,此时必然采用传统渐进式的编制方法;控制产出和结果的管理模式则要求遵循＂无限制＂预算假设,理性预算的编制技术方法得以应用.     

The windshield method of questionnaire distribution: A viable alternative

A variety of data collection methods are available for survey research. Basic distribution techniques differ in cost, administrative ease, and characteristics of returns. The authors discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of distributing questionnaires by placing them on the windshields of patrons' automobiles. This method of distribution appears to be preferred for certain types of shopper surveys.     

银行服务质量与客户满意度调查研究——以乌鲁木齐市和昌吉市为例

随着经济的发展,金融服务质量已成为评估一家商业银行核心竞争力的重要标准,公众享受优质的金融服务十分必要与迫切。本文以新疆乌鲁木齐市和昌吉市地区商业银行及银行客户为主要调查对象,一方面探查两地区消费者的偏好;另一方面探测两地区消费者对银行服务质量的满意程度。通过基层调研、描述性分析和方差分析,我们发现两个地区的消费者在银行选择和消费的过程中有相似的偏好,两个地区消费者对当地银行服务质量总体满意,在部分服务项目的满意度上有些差异,并以此为基础提出提高银行服务质量和增加客户满意度的相关建议。     

中国经济增长的能源尾效分析

本文在借鉴Romer经济增长“尾效”假说的基础上,放宽了其关于经济规模不变的假定,对我国经济增长的能源约束进行量化。研究显示我国能源的经济增长尾效为0．00577,相对于其他自然资源（尤其是土地资源）来说,能源对经济增长的阻碍在数值上并不明显,能源并不是阻碍经济增长的主要因素,原因可能在于能源具有较强的流动性等。     

市场微观结构噪音与MAX效应——基于Fama-French-Carhanr四因子模型的检验

以NYSE、Amex和NASDAQ三大美国证券市场1962年7月至2014年12月的全部普通股为研究样本,利用买卖报价中点、收盘买价和收益加权三种方法消除个股收益和股票组合收益中的价格噪音,对MAX效应进行再检验。同时,考虑到具有极端日收益的股票中NASDAQ占比超过53%这一事实,本文还针对三个交易所做了分市场检验。实证结果没有给出"MAX异象"被解释的证据,表明市场微观结构噪音和Fama-French-Carhanr四因子模型的结合以及市场特点,并不是造成"MAX异象"的原因。     

投资银行声誉与IPO超额回报率相关分析

国外理论与实证研究表明,投资银行声誉与IPO超额回报率负相关。本文选择2002~2006年在沪深证券市场发行上市的股票为样本,同时考虑股票发行定价方式及股权分置等证券市场制度改革的影响,分时段、分市场进行分析,结果显示,声誉型投资银行相对普通投资银行所承销的股票具有较高的平均抑价率,就声誉型投资银行内部而言,其声誉水平与IPO抑价率呈负相关,但其关系并不显著,即投资银行声誉假说在我国不成立。     

我国保障房财政支出对商品房价格影响的实证研究

加大保障房财政支出是地方政府调控商品房价格的直接手段，其有效性直接影响政府调控商品房价格的成效。这种干预方式既能改进社会福利，也可预防由“房价泡沫”引发的经济危机，维护国民经济安全稳健运行。本文对国内29个省、直辖市和自治区2008年至2012年的保障房财政支出和商品房价格数据建立了面板数据向量自回归模型（PVAR），回归结果显示在3个滞后期中保障房财政支出显著抑制了商品房价格。在进一步进行脉冲响应分析后发现，保障房财政支出在10个滞后期中冲击效应均为负，即对商品房价格存在持续的抑制作用，其中在第5年末达到抑制效应最大，实证结果表明我国保障房财政支出对商品房价格为抑制作用。     

The marketing of hamburger buns

It is apparent that the return percentages have been drastically reduced by using only the primary variable of temperature. The actual return percentage would have been even higher except that some route men ran out of hamburger buns and therefore had no returns. This did not show up in the aggregate figures because these were more than balanced by a surplus returned by the majority of route men.     

我国财政转移支付的均等化效应分析

利用2000~2005年的各省数据,通过变异系数衡量省际间的财力差异,对政府间转移支付的财力均等化效应进行了实证分析和检验。通过实证分析认为,我国政府间转移支付虽然起到了一定的财力均等化作用,但其自身存在预算和预算执行情况编报不完整、中央转移支付资金脱离人大监督、税收返还偏离均等化目标、专项转移支付难以发挥应有作用等问题,应压缩税收增量返还、界定均等化转移支付范围内的基本公共服务、完善财政转移支付的法律制度、形成统一规范透明的财政转移支付制度、提高一般性转移支付规模,加大公共领域服务投入,推进基本公共服务均等化。     

IPO重启首日超额收益实证研究

重启之后的中国证券市场,是否能有效地消除各种弊端,抑制首日超额收益过高等异常现象？文章选取我国IPO重启以后发行的新股作为样本,从信息的不对称、承销商的声誉、我国特殊的新股发行制度以及我国投资者的情绪四个角度对我国IPO重启首日超额收益现象进行实证分析,并力图从一级市场发行价格确定和二级市场交易价格形成两个环节来解释我国的IPO首日超额收益,提出一些建设性的参考意见,促进我国的上市公司对IPO进行合理定价,优化资本市场资源的配置。