基于Arena的随机需求和随机提前期二级库存仿真优化

讨论了由一个供应商和多个经销商组成的二级库存优化问题,该系统中每个经销商的客户需求以及供应商和经销商的订货提前期都是随机的,供应商和每个经销商都采用(T,s,S)混合策略进行库存管理.首先建立了该二级库存系统优化问题的数学模型,然后设计了解决该问题的仿真流程并基于仿真软件Arena建立了仿真模型,通过对由一个供应商和三个经销商所组成的二级库存系统的仿真实验表明,利用计算机仿真方法能够很好地解决随机需求和随机提前期的二级库存系统优化间题,其所得结果更贴近实际系统.     

零售店货物的库存-配送集成化研究

以沃尔玛零售店一个供应商与多个客户组成的二级物流系统为例,研究了在随机需求下的零售商库存与配送联合优化问题。以一个补货周期内的总成本最小为目标,建立了相关库存-路径数学模型。结合报童模型与蚁群算法,提出了一个新的启发式算法求解思路,求解确定了每个客户配送的商品数量和配送路径方案的库存-路径问题,并与直接按照各门店最佳订货量配送的递送成本进行了对比分析,证实了将库存与配送联合考虑在降低供应链系统总成本中的有效性与合理性。     

基于Witness的随机生产/库存系统仿真研究

针对生产/库存系统环境动态随机性的问题,首先采用专业仿真软件Witness,运用离散事件系统仿真策略,建立JIT生产/库存系统中随机需求控制程序和随机生产控制程序;然后选用一个单产品、多阶段的JIT看板生产/库存系统,建立该系统的仿真模型,进行仿真实验研究,检验JIT生产/库存系统在生产能力和维修人员约束前提下,需求、生产两方面因素的不同随机性组合,其变异系数对系统绩效的影响。     

随机需求与回收条件下提前期对混合系统库存影响研究

鉴于制造/再制造库存问题的复杂性,考虑了随机需求与回收相独立并具有提前期的条件,建立了动态库存模型.通过计算机模拟实际随机库存求取平均成本.最后在实例中分析了制造提前期和再制造提前期变化状态下对库存平均成本的影响情况,并指出了成本变化的主要影响因素,证实了本模型在生产实践中的实用性.     

随机需求与回收条件下提前期对混合系统库存影响研究

鉴于制造／再制造库存问题的复杂性，考虑了随机需求与回收相独立并具有提前蝴的条件，建立了动态库存模型。通过计算机模拟实际随机库存求取平均成本。最后在实例中分析了制造提前期和再制造提前期变化状态下对库存平均成本的影响情况，并指出了成本变化的主要影响因素，证实了本模型在生产实践中的实用性。     

随机库存系统的存货策略计算机仿真

运筹法能够处理服从正态分布的需求量、前置时间等条件的库存系统的存货策略，而对于随机型库存系统，用Arena进行仿真，利用仿真间接地获得优化策略，能更好地解决随机库存系统的存货策略问题。     

基于蒙特卡洛法的随机型库存系统仿真技术的研究

库存是物流管理中各种资源储备的客观现象,通常库存的总费用包括订货费、存货费和缺货费。本文针对运筹学存储论中传统存储模型所不便求解的多周期随机型离散问题,通过引入蒙特卡洛法来建立适应于随机型库存系统的仿真模型,并将随机性的因素引入其中,这些因素包括：商品的需求量和订货提前期。最后,模型以存储系统的周平均费用作为指标,来评价库存策略的优劣。     

面向随机需求的安全库存管理研究

在考虑到提前期和服务水平的情况下，针对随机需求下的安全库存问题，从定量的角度分析和研究企业应如何设置安全库存，以达到安全库存水平最优，最后以企业实际数据作出算例分析。     

配送中心的产品供给-分配随机决策系统的设计

本文在考虑随机因素的基础上，使用随机规划的方法，建立多个供应商、一种产品以及多个经销商组成的供应链系统的多目标随机规划模型，使得与实际有较高的实用价值。     

随机库存控制策略的优化仿真

针对多周期随机库存模型,采用库存策略,利用Excel及其专用插件Crystal Ball完成了库存系统的仿真,并运用OptQuest实现了库存策略的优化。结果表明该方法是解决随机库存控制策略的有效方法。     

长尾市场网络销售商的订单履行渠道选择模型

研究传统市场和长尾市场条件下,网络零售商保有库存策略和直运策略的选择模型。建立了单周期动态仿真模型,进行了算例仿真,测算了市场竞争、供应商折扣、零售商订购策略和消费者对网络销售方式的接受程度等影响因素对网络零售商总利润的影响。结果表明,在缺乏定价权的实际条件下,网络零售商要获得更高的销售利润,需要增加产品品类、争取更大的价格折扣、采购合适数量的产品、选择合适的订单履行渠道。在未来的长尾市场中,产品品类更多、竞争更激烈、消费者选择产品的视野更开阔,直运方式将代替保有库存方式成为许多网络零售商的主流订单履行方式。     

A novel option contract integrated with supplier selection and inventory prepositioning for humanitarian relief supply chains

This paper proposes a novel two-period option contract integrated with supplier selection and inventory prepositioning. A two-stage scenario-based mixed possibilistic-stochastic programming model is developed to cope with various uncertainties. The first stage's decisions include supplier selection and capacity reservation level at each supplier/period and the level of inventory prepositioning. Furthermore, decisions regarding the time and exercised amount are made in the second stage. Applicability of the model is validated through a real case study. Finally, several sensitivity analyses are conducted to examine the effect of important parameters on the solutions to gain useful managerial insights.     

A pragmatic decision model for inventory management with heterogeneous suppliers

For enterprises, it is imperative that the trade-off between the cost of inventory and risk implications is managed in the most efficient manner. To explore this, we use the common example of a wholesaler operating in an environment where suppliers demonstrate heterogeneous reliability. The wholesaler has partial orders with dual suppliers and uses lateral transshipments. While supplier reliability is a key concern in inventory management, reliable suppliers are more expensive and investment in strategic approaches that improve supplier performance carries a high cost. Here we consider the operational strategy of dual sourcing with reliable and unreliable suppliers and model the total inventory cost where the likely scenario lead-time of the unreliable suppliers extends beyond the scheduling period. We then develop a Customized Integer Programming Optimization Model to determine the optimum size of partial orders with multiple suppliers. In addition to the objective of total cost optimization, this study takes into account the volatility of the cost associated with the uncertainty of an inventory system.     

Strategic inventory in capacitated supply chain procurement

We study the strategic role of inventory in a sequential two‐period procurement setting, where the supplier's capacity in the first period is limited and the retailer has the option to hold inventory. We compare the equilibrium under a dynamic contract, where the decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and a commitment contract, where the decisions for both periods are made at the beginning of the first period. We show that there is a critical capacity level below which the outcomes under both types of contracts are identical. When the first period capacity is above the critical level, the retailer holds inventory in equilibrium and the inventory is carried due to purely strategic reasons; as capacity increases, so does the strategic role of inventory. The supplier always prefers lower capacity than the retailer, and the difference between supplier‐optimal and supply‐chain optimal capacities, and the corresponding profits, can be significant. Finally, we find that the retailer's flexibility to hold inventory is not always good for the participants or for the channel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

供应不确定下基于Supply-hub的供应商选择和库存协同决策

针对由供应商、Supply-hub和制造商组成的三级供应链的多产品供应商选择和库存协同问题,考虑供应商存在延迟交付风险、供应数量约束,以供应链运作成本最小为目标,构建整数规划模型。分析结果表明:在一定的条件下,总存在最优的供应商选择方案和库存策略;当供应商的延迟交付概率增加,供应链期望成本上涨;当供应商供应数量无限制时,减少最优订货批量可以弱化供应不确定性增加造成的影响;当供应商选择方案不变,订货提前期增加,供应链的运作成本以及最优订货批量不变;一种零部件提前期的变化不影响其他零部件的供应商选择和库存策略。     

制造型企业实施 VMI模式的体系构建

随着供应链管理理论的不断发展,供应商管理库存（ VMI ）作为一种新型供应链库存管理模式应运而生,国外企业率先引入VMI并形成了比较成熟的管理模式,相对而言,国内企业对于VMI尚处于尝试和摸索阶段。文中首先对我国制造型企业库存管理现状进行分析,指出实施VMI模式的必要性。其次从确定VMI物料、筛选合格供应商、选择实施形式、实施策略等方面构建了实施VMI的体系框架,理清了成功实施VMI的主体思路,为准备尝试引进VMI的制造型企业提供参考。     

基于供应商管理库存的信息系统设计研究

自从"零库存"的概念被丰田汽车公司提出以后,40多年来各生产企业绞尽脑汁考虑如何通过有效的运作与管理将库存降到最低.现在,供应商管理库存(VMI,Vendor Managed Inventory)的模式逐渐被国内企业接受.供应商管理库存,是在供应链管理理念下要求的产物。它要求供应商对下游企业库存策略、订货策略以及配送策略进行计划和管理。所以,采用合理模式运作VMI就成了当前要解决的问题。     

基于库存调剂的易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题探讨

本文将解决多人合作博弈问题的Shapley值方法用于解决两级易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题。考虑由一个供应商和两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,零售商与供应商不合作时,零售商根据供应商的批发价确定订货量,合作时共同决定库存,零售商之间的合作为共同决定订货量且通过库存调剂(转运)共享库存,三方合作可获最大利益,采用Shapley值法可合理分配合作利益,从而使合作更稳定。     

基于零库存管理的供应商选择

基于建筑企业物资管理采用零库存的管理理念,提出了建筑企业供应商选择的基本指标,采用层次分析法分析了零库存条件下物资供应商的选择。并结合工程实例,建立AHP模型,介绍了在建筑企业零库存物资管理中如何进行供应商选择的方法。     

Optimal structure of joint inventory-pricing management with dual suppliers and different lead times

We consider a joint inventory-pricing control problem in a single-product, periodic-review, dual-supplier inventory system. The two suppliers have different lead times. One expedited supplier offers instantaneous replenishment, and one regular supplier requires an L-period lead time for delivery. The supply quantity is stochastic and the demand is price-dependent. For the expedited inventory replenishment, we characterize the optimal policy as a state-dependent almost-threshold policy by extending the stochastically linear in mid-point to a multidimensional setting. To investigate the optimal regular inventory replenishment and pricing policy, we propose the notions of partially stochastic translation (PST) and increasing partially stochastic translation (IPST), which help in obtaining the antimultimodularity preservation in dynamic programming problems. We provide properties, sufficient conditions, and examples for PST and IPST functions. By applying PST and IPST, we obtain the antimultimodularity of the profit functions. The antimultimodular profit functions ensure that the optimal regular ordering quantity and the optimal price are monotone in the current inventory level and outstanding order quantities. Moreover, we reveal that as the time interval increases, the effects of previous outstanding orders on the optimal regular ordering and pricing decisions are decreasing and increasing, respectively. PST and IPST also enable us to further characterize the optimal expedited ordering quantity as decreasing in the inventory level. However, the optimal expedited ordering quantity can be non-monotone with respect to the outstanding order quantities, as shown in the example.