初次分配效率与公平的政策组合与效用选择

按照对效率与公平偏好的不同,初次分配效率与公平的政策组合有四种类型:"轻效率,轻公平"型;"轻效率,重公平"型;"重效率,轻公平"型;"重效率,重公平"型。不同社会发展阶段收入分配政策的制定实际上是对这四种政策组合的选择,以选择能带来最大化效用的分配制度。用分粥模型形象地对效率与公平的各种政策组合进行模拟,并根据收入分配效用函数对效率与公平政策组合的效用选择状况进行分析,结果表明,在初次分配"重效率"目标不变的前提下,消除收入分配不公平、减少贫富差距的关键在于同时建立初次分配"重公平"的机制。     

我国低效资本市场的负面影响及应对策略

长期以来 ,以证券市场为代表的我国资本市场一直处于低效弱效状态 ,这一市场态势已成为当前提升我国金融体系国际竞争力、深化经济体制、社会保障改革与金融市场应对加入WTO的最大障碍。我们的社会各界特别是政府部门应在借鉴外国高效的资本市场监管基础上 ,从立法与政策上采取得力措施进一步完善市场参与主体约束机制 ,改进入市股权所有制成份结构 ,准许国有法人股入市流通 ,健全市场信息披露制度 ,充分发挥市场价值规律 ,形成内在的价格均衡机制 ,降低平均交易成本 ,增强投融资效率 ,从而提高我国的资本市场效率 ,为提高我国金融体系国际竞争力、深化经济体制、社会保障改革 ,为应对加入WTO后的金融环境扫清障碍。     

Approaches to child labour in the supply chain

This paper examines the difficulties of dealing with child labour in the supply chain. It begins by identifying a number of the factors which make global supply chains so difficult to manage. It goes on to outline a framework of different approaches that can be taken to managing the supply chain with relation to child labour, moving from national and international regulation, through to the role of NGOs and the companies themselves. Focusing on an 'engagement' strategy for dealing with child labour, the paper traces a case study of Adidas-Salomon and its attempts to implement their 'standards of engagement' in this area with relation to one of their supplier factories in Vietnam. The research draws on the direct involvement of one of the authors who visited the site and was able to interview staff and observe the operation in practice. Her findings are supported by wider work on the implementation of corporate approaches to human rights at a range of companies interviewed by another of the authors. The paper aims to highlight the issues needing to be addressed for companies considering the 'involvement' approach to child labour. It also aims to develop theory on our understanding of different approaches to corporate rights.     

我国虚拟旅游发展的SWOT分析及战略研究

随着对网络旅游内容和层次要求的提高,侧重于景点的“网络虚拟旅游”应运而生。基于SWOT分析,发展我国虚拟旅游的战略是：加强政府扶持力度,扩展虚拟旅游产品类型,加大虚拟旅游的宣传力度以及在真实旅游营销中的运用;整合旅游信息资源,将虚拟旅游参与到真实旅游规划中;注重虚拟旅游内容层次,推出品牌化在线主题游路线,全面提升虚拟旅游的技术水平。     

Corporate Rights to Free Speech?

Although the courts have ruled that companies are legal persons, they have not yet made clear the extent to which political free speech for corporations is limited by the strictures legitimately placed upon corporate commercial speech. I explore the question of whether or not companies can properly be said to have the right to civil free speech or whether corporate speech is always de facto commercial speech not subject to the same sorts of legal protections as is the right to civil free speech. In the absence of clearly defined legal precedent, I emphasize moral reasons for determining the appropriate limits of corporate civil free speech. Appealing to arguments typically used to justify individual rights to civil free speech, I examine the extent to which this sort of justification may or may not be legitimately extended to corporations. I conclude that corporate rights to civil free speech must be restricted because granting rights of free speech to institutions may, in practice, undermine the moral rationale and practical feasibility of guaranteeing rights of civil free speech to individuals. Furthermore, I argue that granting corporations full rights to civil free speech will undercut attempts to develop good moral character in corporate institutions by undermining the efforts of watchdog organizations.     

经济开放、承接技术外溢与促进中部崛起

入世后过渡期结束的过程,也是我国加大开放,融入全球化的过程.该过程为中部地区通过加速区际贸易和引入外部直接投资,发展外向型经济,接受技术外溢,实现经济跨越式发展提供了重要渠道和契机.中部地区应充分利用对外开放的技术传递作用机制,通过市场与政府的协同作用,建立可持续的自我快速发展机制,实现自身崛起.     

Framework for the classification of service standardisation

Literature on services refers to standardised services without describing what a standardised service is. This becomes problematic when attempting to apply a practice suited to standardised services to services that may not be standardised. A framework is developed to assess if a service is standardised or not. The methodology used is to use literature and apply examples to each dimension of the framework to give guidelines in assessing the level of standardisation of the individual dimensions and thus the overall service. The outcome is a qualitative framework with guidelines related to each dimension in improving the assessment of a service’s level of standardisation. This framework is applied to a case study to illustrate the application of the dimensions. The dimensions used as the basis of the framework are shown to be relevant as dimensions that describe the level of service standardisation.     

江西现代物流业发展现状、问题与对策

现代物流业是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业,其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化和综合国力的重要标志之一。近年来,江西把加快发展现代物流业作为调整经济结构和地区布局、提高经济整体运行效率和质量、改善投资环境和增强综合竞争力的战略选择,物流设施日趋完善、物流规模不断扩大、物流形式呈现多样、物流环境持续改善。但是,也应该看到,江西的现代物流业仍处于起步阶段,存在物流发展缺乏整体协调、物流基础设施仍然滞后、对物流的认识尚不到位、缺乏现代物流龙头企业、现代物流专业人才短缺等问题。加快江西现代物流业的发展,应以科学规划引导物流业合理布局、以观念创新构建物流业发展模式、以政策措施加大物流业支持力度、以科技为支撑建设物流运行平台、以长远眼光重视物流人才的培养。     

构建我国多层次证券市场体系的思路与对策

本文认为,分层次的证券市场结构适应于企业不同成长阶段的融资需求,能促进资本市场及整个经济的快速发展;我国证券市场体系过于单一,无法满足不同类型融资者和投资者的需求,严重制约了我国经济的发展。文章提出了构建我国多层次证券市场体系的思路即尽快合并沪、深两个证券交易所,形成一个主板市场;推出创业板市场,完善资本市场结构;恢复和发展柜台交易市场,形成区域性的柜台交易市场与全国性证交所市场、创业板市场相互补充的多层次资本市场体系。     

Eight months later — Has the Eurozone been stabilised or will EMU fall apart?

Eight months ago, as the risk of sovereign default in Greece fi rst emerged, the Intereconomics Forum invited a number of contributors to examine the options available to EU policymakers. As the threats to European Monetary Union resurface now, six of the same authors return in this issue’s Forum to reassess the situation, in particular with regard to the EU’s recent policy responses to the ongoing crisis. Whereas both optimists and pessimists could support their views with strong arguments eight months ago, the EU’s current predicament has shifted the prevailing sentiment strongly toward the pessimistic view. From the Irish bailout to the precarious status of Portugal, not to mention the potentially disastrous situation looming in Spain, our contributors are uncertain whether EU policymakers are up to the challenge of defending the euro. As evidence of this, several point to the EU Council’s October decision to establish a permanent crisis resolution mechanism to ensure an orderly state insolvency procedure, which did little to calm markets. Nonetheless, most of these economists still see ways for the EU to escape the crisis without being forced to abandon the common currency.     

农民工子女义务教育制度改革探析

近年来,中央政府要求流入地政府承担农民工子女义务教育责任的强制性制度安排,使农民工子女义务教育问题得到一定程度的解决。但流入地政府为减少负担往往采取卸责行为,导致农民工子女义务教育仍然存在一些比较严重的问题。因此。需要积极推动相关制度的改革。     

Management Information System – A Tool for Corporate Sustainability

This paper represents the attempt to define a methodology that can evaluate the degree to which companies' information systems correspond to needs determined by the objectives of sustainability the firm imposes on itself. The result is the creation of a general model which define the correct approach to evaluating information systems – a model which should be adapted to the specificity of each single company which intends to adopt it. In the chart indicated, we obviously have not considered activities connected to the implementation of the survey system, which are particular to each company's situation. The first part of the paper consists of an overall introduction to the approach that has been used to assess the (MIS) of Granarolo, one of the Italian companies involved. The case study contains a profile of the company, the analysis of its MIS referred to the three dimensions of sustainability, and an evaluation of the strong points and issues to be developed. This approach to evaluate the gap between desired requirements of an information system for sustainability and current data available in a firm, has proved its consistency and usefulness. It helps to understand where data are, which dimensions, spheres, stakeholders account for and what is the level of integration between different information systems existing in the firm.     

深化国企改革 建立现代企业制度的思路和对策

在国企改革与建立现代企业制度过程中,一些深层次的矛盾和问题逐渐暴露出来。国有资产所有者职能不到位;新建立的公司法人治理结构缺乏规范性;对国企经营者缺乏有效的激励机制和约束机制等诸多症结的存在,使国企改革面临很大困难。因此,建立科学的产权制度和规范的法人治理结构;实行资本的人格化,使资产对增值的追求转化为国企经营者对利润的追求;企业董事会统筹决策并选聘经营者;建立、完善国有资产授权经营制度,积极探索各种国有资产经营公司的运作模式;以及健全、完善对经营者的激励机制和约束机制,无疑是国企走出困境、建立起现代企业制度实践过程中切实可行的思路和良好对策。     

产业集聚、技术创新途径与高新技术企业出口的实证研究

在提出产业聚集、技术创新途径对企业出口影响理论假说的基础上,文章利用江苏高新技术企业数据,试图揭示产业集聚、技术创新途径对高新技术企业出口的影响。结果显示,产业集聚对企业出口具有显著的正向作用;相对于技术引进、消化吸收与二次创新,自主创新对企业出口的促进作用最为明显。进一步研究发现,企业居于产业集群内并不意味着就一定能够获取集聚效应从而引致出口能力的提升,集群内企业获取集聚效应的前提是能够融入产业集群式生产分工网络,或是融入产业集群产业链与产品链。据此,文章提出了培育企业自主创新能力、发挥产业集群效应以促进企业竞争力提升的政策建议。     

Indoctrination or education? Intention of unqualified teachers to transfer consumption norms in home economics teaching

Almost two thirds of home economics (HE) teachers in Sweden are formally unqualified (FU). Historically, HE has focused more on fostering and prescribing the ‘right’ choices whereas the modern (2011‐) curriculum focuses on teaching consequences of choices and giving students tools for assessing alternatives. Restraining from prescribing norms requires a high degree of professionalism. The objective of this study was to empirically investigate the prevalence of intentions of FU teachers to prescribe consumption norms not supported by the curriculum. Furthermore, to investigate to what extent these intentions are correlated with years of experience as a teacher, personal preferences, or personal consumption. The intention to transfer norms were measured using the concept of intentional misalignment applied to a survey distributed to a sample of FU teachers attending complementary teacher education. A two part survey was used. The first part consisted of multiple choice questions asking the teachers how important they saw it to transfer different consumption norms to their students (e.g. to consume local or organic food). These responses were evaluated quantitatively (Spearman rank correlation, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance). The second part consisted of an open‐ended question asking teachers to describe what they saw as the most important take‐home message for students in HE. The answers were compared to the national curriculum to identify intentions to transfer unsupported norms. The study indicates that more than a third of the FU HE teachers in Sweden express the intention to prescribe specific types of consumption or to transfer consumption norms that are not supported by the curriculum. The prevalence is correlated to personal preferences and thus indicates difficulties with keeping a professional perspective. These teachers must be given collegial support and opportunities for continued education–to ensure high‐quality HE education for future generations.     

对高校后勤社会化改革的回顾与思考

成都理工大学后勤社会化改革取得了极大成绩。成绩的取得主要源于后勤工作坚持走改革创新之路,不断推进后勤社会化;坚持走持续发展之路,不断提高后勤凝聚力;坚持走服务至上之路,不断巩固后勤社会化改革新成果。当然在后勤社会化改革中也存在一些不足,为此我校后勤工作应进一步理顺甲乙方及大后勤管理职能,加强外聘员工聘用的过程管理、改进后勤服务实体的自主创新能力等。     

Caveat Emptor: Ethical Chauvinism in the Global Economy

The tendency of American business schools to teach a "universal" set of ethical standards and managerial perspectives can have a serious impact on the business practices of new graduates as well as on the success of companies desiring to do business globally. We need to become more sensitive to other cultural/ethical approaches and to sensitize our business students to them early in their academic process in order to encourage the use of common-norming to attain mutual economic benefit. We can understand this process through the application of anthropological principles to ethical constructs.     

Motivation and ability in the decision to acquire

This study considers the decision to undertake an acquisition using a framework built around the concepts of motivation and ability to acquire. The paper develops an integrative model to examine how firm characteristics contribute to motivation and ability in predicting the likelihood of an acquisition and draws on two streams of literature to motivate the model: behavioral theory of the firm to explain a firm's motivation to acquire, and absorptive capacity to explain a firm's ability to acquire. Results from a publicly traded sample show that firms failing to meet aspirations (i.e., those with motivation) are more likely to acquire, as are firms that have a high absorptive capacity (i.e., those with ability). Most interestingly, absorptive capacity moderates the influence of performance shortfalls in the decision to acquire and is most important when the motivation to acquire is low.     

加入WTO与北京建设国际化大都市互动分析

本文认为,现代化国际化大都市是兼有国际化、国际服务性、规模大并以国家综合国力为依托等重要特征,具有全球或较大区域空间连接并超前于世界城市发展平均水平的典型性城市,主要有四个判断依据:一是交通网络体系能否带来运输、交流的规模经济;二是服务业是否具有发展潜力;三是城市是否具有良性的创新能力;四是城市非经济要素是否具有一定国际影响力。北京作为中国的首都,建设国际化大都市是在全球化浪潮中的必然选择。文章提出,北京在WTO大环境中建设国际化大都市需要解决三大问题:一是必须大幅度提高交通网络体系的运输质量和效率;二是要提高服务业的整体水平,改善服务质量,大力发展会展业、旅游业,改善金融保险市场以及信息服务等知识密集型现代服务业;三是建立学习型城市,以人为本,提高人力资源素质,从整体上提高城市的综合素质和创新能力。     

副食批发企业获取战略影响力的途径

本文认为,我国副食批发企业上下游产业的作用以及产业内部的剧烈竞争,要求副食品批发企业必须采取措施获取战略影响力;批发企业应根据拓展区域和拓展业态所要求的关键战略变量的存在状况,整体变量中某一变量所占权重及其与目标客户的匹配程度间的关系,决定战略影响力指标和战略行动方向;优化人力资源结构,实施专业管理;抢占先机,率先获取某一品牌的独家代理权;获取业务关联,优化业务组合。