Underwriter reputation and IPO issuer alignment 1981–2005

We examine the long-term performance and characteristics of firms that went public from 1981 to 2005. We find that long-run returns declined and the proportion of failed and failing firms increased with underwriter reputation. The IPOs marketed by the more reputable underwriters were more likely to fail or be failing in the post-1980s period, but were still better than those of less reputable counterparts. The characteristics of the firms marketed by the more reputable underwriters did not appear to change substantially from decade to decade. We conclude that external market forces rather than conscious changes by underwriters caused the shift in the relation between failure rates and underwriter reputation from the 1980s to the subsequent period. We also find the “flip” in relationship between underwriter reputation and initial IPO return identified in the literature disappears after controlling for additional factors.     

Price support and spreads in the IPO aftermarket: An empirical microstructure study

Using the inventory components of spreads as a measure of inventory holding-risk, we test the hypothesis of Hanley et al. [Hanley, K. W., Kumar, A., & Seguin, P. J. (1993). Price stabilization in the market for new issues. Journal of Financial Economics, 34, 177–197] that price supports reduce market makers’ inventory holding-risk in the aftermarket of initial public offerings (IPOs). We find that both spreads and their inventory components are significantly smaller in the earlier periods of the IPO aftermarket than those in the later periods. More importantly, the inventory components of spreads are significantly smaller for stocks without over-allotment options (OAOs) exercised, and for stocks with lower or negative initial returns which are more likely to have price supports. The results are consistent with the price support hypothesis.     

The impact of large-scale employee share ownership plans on labour productivity: the case of Eircom

Large-scale employee share ownership plans (ESOPs) have been a distinctive characteristic of Irish public enterprise reform, with shareholdings of 14.9% being allocated to employees as part of firm restructuring and privatisation programmes. This paper presents a case study analysis of a large-scale ESOP in Eircom, Ireland's former national telecommunications operator. We identify changes in labour productivity (LP) during 8 years before and after the establishment of the company's ESOP and use a framework based on Pierce, Rubenfeld and Morgan (1991, The Academy of Management Review, 16, 121–144) and Pierce, Kostova and Dirks (2001, Academy of Management Review, 26, 298–310) to explore the role played by the ESOP. The ESOP was found to play a key role in enabling firm-level reform through concession bargaining and changes in employee relations, and thereby indirectly affecting LP. However, despite the substantial shareholding and influence of the ESOP, we find that it has failed to create a sense of psychological ownership among employees, and thereby further impact on productivity.     

IPO承销费用的特征及券商的政治联系——来自中国IPO市场的证据

承销费用在世界各国普遍呈现出"集聚"的现象,我们对2004年-2009年通过发审委审核的上市公司的IPO承销费用进行研究,发现我国IPO承销费用也存在集聚现象,小规模IPO公司的承销费率主要集中在2%-6%之间,大规模IPO公司的承销费率集中在4%以下。另外,我们检验了券商的政治联系与承销费用的关系,研究发现有政治联系的券商比没有政治联系的券商收取了更高的承销费用。     

Corporate Political Activities and the SEC's Oversight Role in the IPO Process

We study how a regulator (Securities and Exchanges Commission; SEC) responds to IPOs that have a higher political profile. We find that IPOs with issuers (intermediaries) that actively pursue political strategies receive more (less) SEC comment letters than IPOs without such actors. Cross-sectional analysis reveals that the IPO's political environment moderates the relationship between social pressure for more corporate transparency and SEC scrutiny. Additional tests indicate that the political activities of issuers (intermediaries) contribute to a less (more) efficient IPO process. Overall, our findings suggest that politically active intermediaries have stronger incentives to accurately portray the IPO financial reporting environment than politically active issuers because they have greater reputational and political capital at stake; quite simply, the former have more to lose. We draw out the implications for theory, in terms of agency and reputation.     

中国IPO市场审计师选择主要影响因素的实证分析

本文基于我国2002年至2004年的首次公开发行（IPO）市场，以经济租理论，规模经济理论，信号传递理论，代理成本理论和保险角色理论为指导，提出影响我国IPO公司审计师选择的主要因素。通过实证分析，认识我国IPO市场审计师供给和需求的关系及其发展规律，并针对我国IPO市场审计师服务的现状，提出引导市场增加对高质量审计需求的方法和激励事务所自愿创立声誉的建议。     

Factors affecting the variability of IRT equating coefficients

Knowing the effect of the factors that can influence the variability of the equating coefficients is an important tool for the development of the linkage plans. This paper explores the effect of various factors on the variability of item response theory equating coefficients. The factors studied are the sample size, the number of common items, the length of the chain, and the possibility of averaging the equating transformations related to different paths that connect the same two forms. Both asymptotic and simulations results are provided.     

上市公司配股选择影响因素分析

本文分析了上市公司配股选择行为的影响因素,通过文献分析,发现上市公司配股的动机是扩大资本规模、改善财务结构、进行资产重组、上市公司配股行为的影响因素主要分三方面:制度性因素、大股东偏好、融资成本和机会主义行为,在此分析的基础上,本文提出相关对策建议。     

上市公司治理对会计信息披露质量的影响因素分析

本文采用熵权法研究了我国上市公司治理对会计信息披露质量的影响因素,研究结果表明第一大股东的性质、机构投资者持股比例、管理层的持股比例、公司总资产的大小和第一大股东的持股比例对会计信息披露质量有较大影响;而独立董事比例、监事会人数、流通股比例以及资产负债率、净资产收益率和主营业务收入率等指标对会计信息披露质量影响很小。根据研究结果,提出了完善公司治理结构和提高会计信息披露质量的改进措施。     

Employee share ownership,training, and early promotion policy as a bundle in enhancing labor productivity: A test of the three‐way interaction effect

The three‐way interaction effect of (broad‐based) employee share ownership (ESO), training, and early promotion policy on labor productivity was examined in a longitudinal sample of 614 organizations (1,605 organization‐year data points) in Korea. The ESO–productivity relationship was positive only when the investment in training was high and the opportunity for early promotion was present. However, we found no evidence for the two‐way interaction effects of ESO and training and ESO and early promotion policy on labor productivity. The results are in alignment with the emergent view that the productivity benefits of ESO can be better realized when ESO coexists with a bundle of complementary human resource management (HRM) practices. Thus, this study meaningfully extends the contingency perspective and related studies in the ESO literature, which tend to examine the productivity effect of ESO in isolation or in conjunction with a single HRM practice.     

Trade and factor intensity,and the transmission of the global shock to labor: A panel analysis of the fall of the labor income share in the Mexican manufacturing sector

The paper studies the fall of the labor income share in Mexico, contrasting the role of trade and factor intensity as transmission channels of the China shock of 2001. It finds that, while the skill, technological and —more surprisingly— trade intensity of Mexican industries were largely irrelevant, capital intensity played a key role: in particular, the higher was the industries’ initial capital intensity, the more vulnerable they were to the transmission of the global shock to labor. The finding is consistent with the proposition that industrial integration, concentrated in industries that are capital-intensive from the perspective of developing countries, facilitated the transmission of the shock. Results come from the estimation of panel equations for the annual change in the labor share across Mexican manufacturing industries, where transmission is measured by the correlation between changes in the United States and Mexican industry labor shares.     

Factors affecting industrial relations in the electronics industry of Hong Kong - an empirical research analysis

This paper attempts to study the factors affecting industrial relations in the electronics industry in Hong Kong. Comparative surveys were carried out, in selected companies and a major union, with management and workers. Results showed that basic financial, physical and physiological factors are still important for affecting workers' attitude towards industrial relations. However, socio-psychological satisfactions are increasing as a result of demands by younger and better educated workers, the major workforce of the industry. The ‘pendulum’ attitude of workers towards the management and the unions leads to a delicate situation in the industrial relations of the industry.     

作业成本法在制造业中的应用探讨

文章提出了在现有成本核算方式不变的情况下,结合运用作业成本法的理念,引入不同成本动因,采用不同的分摊方式,计算出产品的实际成本,从而计算出企业同时生产不同产品的实际盈亏状况的机械制造企业作业成本计算公式。     

Choosing the share bond by using qualitative dependent variable models in Turkey

In this paper whether the bond according to a certain criterion for one time period in the future with the classic logit models and for a certain time period in the future with the panel logit model is successful or not have been forecasted. For this purpose financial ratios of the industrial companies listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange in Turkey over the period 1995–2001 were used. The results indicated that different financial data is effective in the different models used for different terms i.e., the models are different for each other.     

对改善股份制商业银行信贷管理的探讨

随着美国金融危机的蔓延,国内外经济形势发生巨大变化。在当前形势下,商业银行必须严把信贷质量关,加强对信贷风险的管理,保证信贷资产业务的健康发展。文中分析了股份制商业银行信贷员队伍及信贷管理中存在的一些问题,并在此基础上提出了改善股份制商业银行信贷管理的一些对策。     

泊松积分在波动方程中的应用

本文通过对泊松方程和波动方程有关知识的简单介绍,利用二维及三维波动方程的求解的过程,详尽地介绍并证明了泊松积分在波动方程中的应用。在介绍应用时,我们主要采用了一些比较典型的例题,理论联系实际地探讨泊松积分在波动方程中的应用。     

国企改制中财务审计与资产评估研究(下)——政策与措施

财务审计与资产评估是国有企业股份制改造的先决条件和重要环节，二者结果的准确性、公正性直接影响着国有资本的保值增值和国有企业改制的效果。针对前文对目前国企改制中财务审计与资产评估的问题分析，本文从管理与技术两方面分别提出了完善国企改制中财务审计与资产评估的政策与措施建议。     

Opposition to unions in the non-union sector in Britain

Using data collected from over 1,000 individuals in 30 Finnish personnel funds, we study the links between pay knowledge, pay satisfaction and pay effectiveness. We find consistent evidence that higher levels of pay knowledge are associated with improved pay satisfaction and perceived pay effectiveness at the organizational level. We find that pay knowledge has an independent impact on organizational outcomes, rather than being mediated through pay satisfaction. Finally, comparing measures of actual pay knowledge and perceived pay knowledge, we find that the measures of actual knowledge were better connected to the outcomes. This last result suggests that to reliably estimate the relationship between pay knowledge and pay effectiveness researchers should prefer measures of actual knowledge.     

我国创业板市场发展对策探析

创业板市场由于主要吸纳处于创业阶段的小企业，其风险高于主板市场已经被国外实践所证明。我国即将开设的创业板市场虽然在初创阶段因吸收大量的已经超越了创业阶段，具有较高赢利水平而且发展潜力巨大的民营企业，其风险性比国外创业板小，也比国内A股市场小。但由于创业板市场门槛低，不要求企业有赢利记录，未来难免一些没有发展前景的中小企业进入创业板市场积聚风险。故为保证我国创业板市场运作成功，吸取A股市场教训，特别需要解决如下问题：1.避免政府部门的干预；2.严格监管；3.借鉴他国经验，为创业板市场合理定位。     

城市用地功能置换中的公共空间设计--旧金山滨水区公共空间设计的成败分析

旧金山滨水区公共空间设计为我们提供了如何在城市用地功能置换中创造城市公共空间的经验,其成功的方面有:空间的形成模式,创造公共空间活力发动元素,公共交通,场所特性与空间情趣等.同时,其设计也存在不足之处,如绿地空间缺乏活力,空间铺装过于繁琐,连续空间过于单调等.借鉴旧金山滨水区公共空间设计的成功与失败,提出了7条公共空间设计的建议作为研究的结论.