我国专业市场经营户国际化经营胜任素质研究——基于胜任素质模型的构建

当前,我国专业市场国际化转型升级的过程中存在的专业市场经营户整体素质不高。从职业素养、知识和技能/能力三方面选取14项胜任素质项目入手,构建胜任素质模型对胜任力和胜任素质进行研究发现,政府部门、市场专营公司在构建、完善专业市场经营户培训过程中,应通过专业市场经营户岗位分析、界定岗位绩优标准、收集、整理数据信息等手段,在认真分辨优秀员工与一般员工在知识、技能或能力、自我认知、社会角色、动机、特质等方面差异的基础上,建立某一具体岗位工作胜任能力素质特征模型,形成一个可操作性的人力资源管理体系,并有效运用胜任素质模型对经营户进行培训产生,有助于快速提升专业市场经营户国际化经营的素质。     

人民币升值对跨国公司经营的影响

本文认为,人民币升值对跨国公司行为的影响主要表现在两个方面:一是对跨国公司生产、销售等经营行为的影响;二是对跨国公司对外直接投资的影响。对已经制定好全球经营战略的跨国公司来讲,人民币汇率变动不会对其战略部署带来太大影响,且人民币升值最初必然对国内企业走出国门进行跨国投资收购、生产经营产生积极影响,但一定要吸取日元升值后日本经济"迷失十年"的教训。     

积极培育我国跨国公司的对策思考

跨国公司是一种与现代化大生产相适应的、在世界范围内更经济有效地组织生产要素并进行生产经营以追求利润最大化的先进的企业组织形式。90年代以来,世界经济市场化、网络化和自由化趋已成为不可逆转的潮流,发达的资金、技术和管理经验与发展中国家的资源、廉价劳动力和广阔的市场通过跨国公司的有效运作而最大限度地聚合在一起。在当代世界经济发展中,跨国公司已成为一支不可忽视的重要经济力量,它通过直接投资及在全球范围内组织生产与销售,使国际关系中投资的重要性与发展速度大大超过了贸易。然而,中国作为世界上的经济大国,跨国企业的发展水平与我国的地位和经济发展速度极不相称。面对这一不可回避的客观现实,我们必须努力发展中国的跨国企业,积极培育一批具有中国特色的跨国公司,提高我国经济的国际竞争力。     

核心能力、财务核心能力与企业价值创造

核心能力是确保企业在市场竞争中获得持续竞争优势的关键 ,核心能力的本质特征在于其价值创造性。随着核心能力战略的发展和推动 ,价值成为财务的核心范畴。从价值创造角度将企业能力理论引入公司财务 ,企业财务能力和财务核心能力的提高保证了企业持续竞争优势的延续及核心能力的培育和形成     

新时期我国境内跨国公司市场营销战略研究

随着中国经济的快速发展,中国市场成为全球最重要的市场之一,跨国公司的市场份额中必然少不了中国这一重要组成部分。我国境内跨国公司市场营销战略面临新的挑战与威胁,进行战略调整势在必行。在SWOT分析的基础上,探讨我国境内跨国公司市场营销战略的调整趋势与对策。     

跨国公司融资中政治风险研究

跨国公司在融资过程中面临多种风险,其中政治风险是不可忽视的。由于跨国公司自身的特殊性,在进行融资活动过程中,除了与本国公司一样要考虑国内政治制度等带来的政治风险,还要考虑到各国政策差异等带来的政治风险。运用风险预测者的知识、经验,理智地对政治风险做出主观判断,采用预防性策略、分散化策略,降低融资风险。     

跨国公司内部市场业务知识的转移

跨国公司的一个竞争优势是在全球范围内利用本地创造知识的能力。因此,如何有效地在各个子公司以及子公司与母公司之间转移知识显得尤为重要。跨国公司市场知识转移的重要性以及影响市场知识转移有效性的因素,对我国企业国际经营有很大的启示。     

Corporate Social Strategy in Multinational Enterprises: Antecedents and Value Creation

In this article, we examine the relationship of the multinational firm’s market environment, stakeholders, resources, and values to the development of strategic social planning and strategic social positioning. Using a sample of multinational enterprises in Mexico, we examine the relationship of these different ways of conducting social strategy to the creation of value by the firm. The market conditions of munificence and dynamism, and the resource for continuous innovation are found to be related to strategic social positioning. The social responsibility orientation of the firm is related to strategic social planning. Positioning is related to value creation for the multinational firm, but planning is not. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. Bryan W. Husted is a professor of management at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico) and Alumni Association Chair of Business Ethics at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). His research focuses on corporate social and environmental management. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of Management Studies, Organization Science, and the Journal of Business Ethics. David B. Allen is a professor of strategy at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). He received an MBA from New York University and his M.F.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on non-market strategy. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of International Business Studies and the Journal of Business Ethics. He has consulted extensively for European and American multinational firms.     

跨国公司股东财富最大化与折算风险探讨

跨国公司折算风险的大小取决于在国外经营的程度与国外子公司所在地会计方法的选择。国际上大部分国家都根据子公司的类型选择折算方法。整体型子公司采用时态法,自主型子公司采用现行汇率法。折算方法要选择对合并利润最大化有利并设法使合并资产负债表上外币风险资产与外币负债趋于一致,以轧平净风险资产头寸,消除或减少因不可预期汇率变动而对公司现金流量与经济价值的影响。采取期货合同套期保值、远期合约套期保值、货币互换套期保值、货币期权套期保值的防范措施和规避方法,能使折算风险最小,股东财富最大化。     

Qualitative Insights into the International New Venture Creation Process

This paper adopts a qualitative approach to uncover the experiences of founders of international new ventures or born global firms. The data which are based on in-depth interviews, focus on the major characters, events and surrounding conditions from the time the firm is conceived until it becomes involved with foreign markets. From these data, the major elements contributing to the creation of an international new venture are identified.     

Knowledge Management in Supply Chains: The Role of Explicit and Tacit Knowledge

We theorize, building on the knowledge‐based view and the theoretical distinction between explicit and tacit knowledge, that knowledge management capability across the supply chain manifests itself in explicit and tacit knowledge, which in turn effectuates supply chain performance. The model is tested with survey data from 195 small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises reporting on their primary supply chain. The results indicate that the supply chain's knowledge management capability manifests itself in both explicit and tacit knowledge, with the latter being influenced more strongly. Moreover, it was found that while both explicit and tacit knowledge influence supply chain performance, the latter exerts a significantly greater impact than the former. Exploratory post hoc analyses add robustness to these findings and investigate mechanisms inherent to the transformation of tacit into explicit knowledge. Overall, this research contributes to academic theory development in logistics and supply chain management by the dichotomization of knowledge types and the demonstration of their differential magnitude of effects, and to managerial practice by providing important guidance for logistics managers structuring their knowledge management efforts across supply chains.     

The Role of Multinational Enterprises in West African Regional Economic Integration

Abstract

Studies on regional economic integration in West Africa have concentrated on conventional accounts, which focused primarily on the activities of states and their agencies. The role and activities of actors who play a key function in the political economy of the integrating states and in the integration process are largely ignored or given limited attention. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the integration process in West Africa by exploring the role and the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the development and growth of the Economic Community of West African States (ECO-WAS). Further, this paper contends that MNEs are never passive in market integration. And through their membership in business associations, they participate in the creation, development and growth of the regional scheme. As the winds of economic liberalization and political reforms sweep across the West African subregion, it will become ever more crucial to forge partnerships between multinational enterprises and the host countries with the desire of fostering regional economic     

信托公司如何服务低碳经济发展

<正>对于低碳经济发展所需要的支持,有人曾形象地将其比喻为一个三条腿的板凳:政策的培育、技术以及资本的支持,三方面缺少任何一个,都将出现问题,而三个要素中最重要的莫过于金融支持。作为金融体系中最灵活、最具有创新动力的信托业,介入碳金融无疑会起到事半功倍的效果。如何将行业和公司业务发展融入到为低碳     

能力验证在实验室质量管理中的作用

目前,食品研究实验室的主要作用是进行食品安全的分析和研究。因此,加强食品实验室质量管理,对于控制食品安全问题的爆发有着积极的意义。能力验证属于一种监督手段,在实验室质量管理中的应用效果显著,可以有效地提升实验室的质量管理效果。     

Responsible Leadership for Multinational Enterprises in Bottom of Pyramid Countries: The Knowledge of Local Managers

The gulf between multinational enterprises’ focus on high income countries and the reality of 80% of the world living in developing, bottom of pyramid (Hahn, J Bus Ethics 84:313–324, 2009) economies could magnify the anti-globalisation movement and political backlashes in the twenty-first century. The global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 has increased such social tensions throughout the world and creates greater challenges for, responsible leadership. In this conceptual article, the authors analyse the value and identity of local managers, and the liability of foreignness caused by over-reliance on expatriate managers and under-reliance on local managers in bottom of pyramid countries (Hahn, 2009). It is argued that multinational enterprises need to assess local managers’ knowledge and contributions as having not only operational and market value, but also institutional value, such as access to local knowledge and local social capital; such a holistic approach will ensure fairer, equal treatment of all managers in the multinational enterprise. Responsible leadership in the twenty-first century requires a greater appreciation of local managers’ institutional value and the overcoming of any psychological distance towards local managers of bottom of pyramid countries.     

Knowledge and Competence Management: Ericsson Business Consulting

This article describes a new knowledge and competence management initiative at Ericsson Business Consulting (EBC) which uses an intranet as its main means of implementation. Telecoms giant Ericsson has traditionally been decentralized and technology-minded to a degree rare even among technology multinationals, and the author shows how the development of the EBC business unit reflects the company's recognition of the need for more globalization in business processes, culture, and knowledge-sharing. He concludes by discussing the problems faced by EBC in its first year and the learning points for other businesses.     

The Location Choices of Multinational Firms: The Role of Internationalisation Experience and Group Affiliation

This paper investigates whether location choices of multinational firms depend on their past export, import or Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) experience on foreign markets or the experience of other affiliated firms. Regardless of locations' characteristics, we find that exporting in a given country, and to a smaller extent importing from it, significantly increases the probability of investing in that particular country the following year. This preliminary exporting phase appears more important for firsttime investors. Moreover, location choices not only depend on the investor's own international experience, but also on the international experience of other affiliated firms: firms tend to invest in countries where the group already exports or owns a local affiliate. These last findings suggest the existence of coordinated strategies and/or information sharing between affiliated firms.     

Knowledge Combination and Knowledge Creation in a Foreign-Market Network

This article rests on the idea that knowledge is dispersed among different individuals and entities. For international entrepreneurial firms to create new knowledge, they need to find ways to combine these dispersed bits of knowledge. Because of the notion that resource constraints make international entrepreneurial firms dependent on external knowledge, it is assumed that a portion of knowledge combination takes place in networks. The purpose of this article was to investigate the prospective impact network knowledge and knowledge combinations have on entrepreneurial firms' knowledge creation. Three hypotheses are developed and tested in a structural equation model, using linear structural relations (LISREL, Scientific Software International, Inc.).     

Developing an Integrative International Human Resource Model: The contribution of Chinese Multinational Enterprises

This study develops an integrative international human resource IHRM framework in Chinese MNEs mainly by examining the relationship between the intervening factors and IHRM policies and practices. It confirms that IHRM is associated with a variety of contextual and firm-specific factors, including political, legal, economic, socio-cultural factors, international strategy, organizational structure, organizational culture, stage and mode of internationalization, type and niche of industry, international experience, size of international operation, the reliance on international markets and top management perceptions of home HRM systems. These factors have differentiated impact and are changing over time. It also explores the impact of IHRM policy and practice on each other, arguing that there is interplay between IHRM policies and practices.