对外直接投资与企业生产率——基于中国上市公司的实证分析

文章先利用K-S检验研究中国制造类上市公司的全要素生产率分布,结果与HMY模型的预期一致,对外直接投资企业的全要素生产率分布显著优于出口企业和仅在国内生产销售的企业。进一步探讨对外直接投资与生产率的关系,结果表明,企业在进行对外直接投资时不存在显著的自我选择效应,但是,对外直接投资能够促进企业生产率的提高,具有学习效应。     

International Acquisitions,Domestic Competition and Firm Performance

This paper investigates the impact of foreign acquisition on domestic firm productivity. In contrast to previous studies it applies a difference‐in‐differences methodology based on a matched panel of firms in order to trace out such changes. It finds evidence of significant positive productivity effects following acquisition by US and European multinationals, at least in technology importing industries. Higher productivity gains are achieved the more competitive the industry in which acquisition occurs.     

Foreign Ownership and Performance: Evidence from Italian Firms

This paper studies the impact of foreign ownership on a firm’s economic performance. We use a unique panel data set to test the foreign ownership premium by comparing our sample of firms based in Italy and owned by a foreign subject to a sample of purely domestic firms that, in order to have a proper counterfactual, were selected using propensity score matching. Our difference-in-differences results show the existence of a premium for the size, profitability, and financial soundness of the foreign-owned companies. The premium increases with time, is concentrated in the service sector, and disappears if the foreign investor is based in a fiscal haven.     

Foreign Direct Investment and mark-up dynamics: Evidence from Spanish firms

A review of the literature indicates that Foreign Direct Investment has the potential to increase the intensity of competition and to act as a channel for technology transfers. Using a Spanish firm level data set, we disentangle these effects by estimating a dynamic model of firm level performance, which we proxy by mark-ups. We find that FDI has a positive long-run effect on the mark-ups of targets, but this is limited to firms in R&D intensive sectors. In addition, we find weak evidence that foreign presence dampens margins. However, this effect appears to be more than compensated by positive spillovers in the case of knowledge intensive industries.     

外商直接投资技术外溢效应下降之谜

本文通过对1982～2004年我国外商直接投资的实际利用额和我国全要素生产率提高之间的关系进行实证研究,发现前者流入的确促进后者的提高,并且还发现从1992年起前者对后者的促进作用下降了.通过进一步的分析,认为我国外商直接投资技术外溢效应是通过技术转让、示范和模仿效应等直接途径和人力资源的流动、新的竞争机制的引入的间接途径实现的.对于我国外商直接投资技术溢出效应下降之谜,认为这与我国自主的科技投入提高相关.     

Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers: Evidence from the British Retail Sector

This paper discusses the impact of foreign‐ownership presence on the productivity performance of British‐owned domestic retailers. In particular, we analyse the existence of productivity spillovers, in the form of knowledge transfer, by using establishment‐level data from the Annual Respondents Database over the period 1997–2003. The results confirm the presence of such spillovers and highlight their positive and significant impact on the productivity of domestic firms, although these spillovers are mostly confined to the region in which foreign subsidiaries locate. There is also evidence that the productivity benefit from regional foreign direct investment spillovers increases with the absorptive capacity of domestic retailers.     

金融市场化、融资约束与企业成本加成:来自中国制造业企业的证据

融资约束和成本加成亟需提升是中国制造业企业面临的双重难题,在经济转轨的宏观背景下,能否藉由中国金融市场化改革来破解这一困境?本文以2001—2007年中国制造业企业为样本的实证研究显示:融资约束阻碍了企业成本加成提升,而金融市场化能够有效缓解融资约束对企业成本加成的抑制效应;以工具变量、分样本及替代变量回归等方法进行的稳健性检验进一步证明了本文结论的稳健性。本文的研究结论为进一步推进金融市场化改革,以此作为融资难背景下中国制造业企业成本加成提升的有效路径提供了理论支撑。     

Firm R&D,Processing Trade and Input Trade Liberalisation: Evidence from Chinese Firms

This paper examines the impact of input trade liberalisation on firm R&D activity by taking China's accession to the WTO as a quasi‐natural experiment. Different from ordinary imports, processing imports in China enjoy zero tariffs and are not affected by input trade liberalisation due to the WTO accession. The paper uses disaggregated firm‐level production data and transaction‐level trade data to perform difference‐in‐difference analysis by taking processing import firms as a control group. An intensive empirical search shows that after China's accession to the WTO, input trade liberalisation fostered firm R&D significantly. The findings are robust to different measures and various empirical specifications.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Transactions Linkages,and the Performance of the Domestic Sector

Using data from the UK Census of Production, including foreign ownership data, and information from UK industry input-output tables, this paper examines whether the intensity of transactions linkages between foreign and domestic firms affects productivity growth in domestic manufacturing industries. The implications of the findings for policies promoting linkages between multinational and domestic firms in the UK economy are outlined.     

境内企业兼并重组的影响因素研究——基于外资并购股权结构的分析

本文从外资并购股权结构层面,分析所有制与市场化对我国境内企业兼并重组的影响。实证检验表明:第一,并购国有企业促使外商投资者降低并购股权水平;当外商投资者采取高标的并购股权水平时,这种负相关更显著。第二,市场化与外商投资者的并购股权水平存在非线性U型关系,但这种U型关系主要存在于并购非国有企业的情况,而并购国有企业时市场化与外商投资者的并购股权水平只存在线性负相关;当外商投资者采取高标的并购股权水平时,相应的U型关系与线性负相关比较显著。第三,来自港澳台与非港澳台的投资者在并购国有企业时都会降低并购股权水平,但这种行为对来自非港澳台的投资者更突出;市场化与并购股权水平的U型关系对来自港澳台的投资者而言显著存在,但这种U型关系对来自非港澳台的投资者而言只得到局部验证。     

外商直接投资与国内投资的动态关系

作者以1987～2001年全国29个省市的分组数据为基础．运用多元Granger因果模型对外商直接投资(FDI)与国内不同所有制经济固定资产投资间的因果关系进行了检验。结果表明，FDI与国内投资的动态关系短期来看与所有制因素关系密切，长期来看则受当地FDI相对流入规模以及经济发展水平的影响。     

“二元”对外直接投资与贸易结构:机理与来自我国的证据

本文针对我国对外直接投资的现实情况,从对外直接投资的二元路径——顺梯度OFDI与逆梯度OFDI(Outward Foreign Direct investment),研究了二元对外直接投资影响贸易结构的机理,并利用我国1984-2008年的数据进行了验证,研究表明,我国对外直接投资较大地促进了我国贸易结构的升级;国内产业结构优化与研发利用率提高均能优化我国贸易结构;汇率水平的变动在我国贸易结构长期调整中并无显著影响。     

Foreign Acquisition and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Slovenia

This paper investigates the impact of foreign acquisition on the productivity of Slovenian manufacturing firms subject to takeover in 1997. It finds evidence that foreign investors acquire those enterprises with higher productivity, that are more inclined to export and that operate in more concentrated industries. It then controls for the estimation bias induced by this non‐random selection process by applying the combined propensity score matching and difference‐in‐differences estimation technique. The results of the empirical analysis show no robust statistical evidence of a positive causal effect of foreign acquisition up to two years following takeover. This finding suggests that a transfer of intangible assets from foreign firms to their Slovenian affiliates does not take place over this time period.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Competition and Industry Performance

This paper investigates the productivity effects of inward and outward foreign direct investment using industry‐ and country‐level data for 17 OECD countries over the period 1973 to 2001. Controlling for national and international knowledge spillovers we argue that the effects of FDI work through direct compositional effects as well as changing competition in the host country. Our results show that there are, on average, productivity benefits from inward FDI, although we can identify a number of countries which, on aggregate, do not appear to benefit in terms of productivity. On the other hand, a country's stock of outward FDI is, on average, negatively related to productivity. However, again there is substantial heterogeneity in the effect across OECD countries.     

内外资效率门槛、异质性对企业自主创新的时空影响

内外资效率差异对异质企业R&D投资产生了显著的时空和门槛影响。首先,构建异质性理论模型认为,异质企业R&D投资存在自选择效应,金融效率门槛对R&D资金差异配置导致其R&D投资规模提升程度不同。其次,结合三阶段DEA模型、工业企业数据及空间计量发现,(1)内外资效率对企业R&D投资具有空间溢出影响且随时间变化程度增强,其效率差异在东西中部地区边际递减(2)异质企业R&D自选择行为在不同企业中显著存在且内外资效率门槛特征显著存在。衍生功能缺失下的内资低效对生产率较低企业R&D投资错配影响显著,但随其门槛值提高,低效现象逐渐弱化;外资效率对生产率较高企业R&D投资影响显著,两者具有互补性。提升内资效率是跨越企业R&D投资瓶颈的重要途径。     

中国对外直接投资的贸易效应研究——基于面板数据的协整分析

本文使用2000—2006年我国对50个国家或地区直接投资和进出口的面板数据,运用面板协整模型和面板误差修正模型,对我国对外直接投资的长短期贸易效应进行了检验。研究结果显示:(1)中国对外直接投资与中国出口及进口均存在长期协整关系,在长期,中国对外直接投资对中国进出口的拉动作用相当大。(2)在短期,我国对外直接投资与出口及进口的长期稳定(协整)关系,对短期的出口及进口的抑制(调节)作用并不显著,对短期的对外直接投资具有显著的正向调节效应。本文还进一步讨论了这些结果的深层次原因以及相应的政策启示。     

外商直接投资与服务贸易国际竞争力——来自77个国家的经验证据

近年来,部分学者在FDI对服务贸易国际竞争力的影响效应方面进行了研究,结论却截然不同。为从一般意义上揭示两者间的关系,文章选取77个国家1980-2008年相关数据,并采取只考虑出口因素的lnRXA指数及同时考虑进出口因素的RC指数来衡量服务贸易国际竞争力,分别从总体、经济发展水平及服务业FDI限入水平三个层面进行了实证检验,结果表明:总体来看,FDI流入不会提高一国服务贸易国际竞争力,而不同经济发展水平及服务业FDI限入水平国家的FDI流入会产生不同的影响效应;除高限入水平国家外,服务业GDP不会提升服务贸易国际竞争力;服务出口及货物出口分别会对服务贸易国际竞争力产生显著的正向及负向影响效应。此外,服务贸易国际竞争力衡量指数选取的不同会造成FDI流入的影响效应产生较大差异。     

On the Irrelevance of Mercosur: Evidence From Foreign Direct Investment

ABSTRACT

This article utilizes data from more than 100 countries over 30 years to identify the key factors that make a country more attractive to foreign direct investment (FDI). We find evidence that a country's potential marginal returns to capital, available infrastructure, degree of trade openness, labor force qualification, and macroeconomic stability have a positive impact on FDI inflows. Our estimates capture a change in the role played by trade protection and an increase in the importance of human capital as globalization progressed. An application of our models illustrates why Mercosur countries have underperformed their peers in attracting FDI.