金融周期与货币政策北大核心CSSCISSCI

2008年金融危机之后,尝试在"金融——实体经济"内生性框架下重建宏观经济学理论的努力渐成潮流和趋势。在此背景下,本文通过构建包含内生性金融周期变量的宏观经济模型,为分析金融周期、经济周期和货币政策之间的关系提供了新的思路和方法。实证分析得出了三个基本结论:一是金融周期对经济周期具有不可忽略的重要影响;二是金融周期波动成为影响宏观经济波动的重要来源;三是包含金融稳定因素的货币政策有助于在正常时期维护实体经济和金融的"双稳定",而且能在压力时期显著降低金融波动对实体经济的不利冲击。     

“双支柱”调控、政策协调搭配与宏观稳定效应

本文通过构建包含金融部门和“双支柱”调控政策的DSGE模型,系统考察了货币政策和宏观审慎政策的组合在不同经济金融冲击下的宏观经济和金融稳定效应。相关分析得出了三个基本结论:一是纳入宏观审慎政策的“双支柱”调控框架确实比单一使用货币政策具有相对更好的经济和金融稳定效应;二是“双支柱”调控框架在应对金融冲击时的稳定效应表现得更加明显,这说明宏观审慎政策确实是通过金融稳定渠道发挥作用的,从而与货币政策侧重实体经济(产出和通胀)的稳定效应形成了有效互补;三是不论是在价格型的货币政策工具下,还是在数量型的货币政策工具下,“双支柱”调控框架都较单一使用货币政策具有更好的经济金融稳定效应,这说明“双支柱”调控框架的有效性不依赖于货币政策工具的改变而改变,在具体的政策工具组合方面具有较为普遍的适用性。     

“双支柱”调控、政策协调搭配与宏观稳定效应

本文通过构建包含金融部门和“双支柱”调控政策的DSGE模型,系统考察了货币政策和宏观审慎政策的组合在不同经济金融冲击下的宏观经济和金融稳定效应。相关分析得出了三个基本结论:一是纳入宏观审慎政策的“双支柱”调控框架确实比单一使用货币政策具有相对更好的经济和金融稳定效应;二是“双支柱”调控框架在应对金融冲击时的稳定效应表现得更加明显,这说明宏观审慎政策确实是通过金融稳定渠道发挥作用的,从而与货币政策侧重实体经济(产出和通胀)的稳定效应形成了有效互补;三是不论是在价格型的货币政策工具下,还是在数量型的货币政策工具下,“双支柱”调控框架都较单一使用货币政策具有更好的经济金融稳定效应,这说明“双支柱”调控框架的有效性不依赖于货币政策工具的改变而改变,在具体的政策工具组合方面具有较为普遍的适用性。     

金融周期对经济周期与货币政策的影响探究

本文构建了一个综合反映金融周期因素的金融周期指数,通过扩展型IS曲线模型和扩展型货币政策规则模型,将金融周期指数分别纳入其中进行实证检验,探究金融周期对经济周期和货币政策的影响。研究结果表明,金融周期会对经济周期产生显著影响,即金融周期波动确实已成为经济周期调整的重要来源。中央银行货币政策框架应考虑将金融稳定框架纳入货币政策决策,并考虑管理金融周期的时机和工具选择问题。     

全球金融周期、美国货币政策与“三元悖论”

全球金融周期存在的背景下“三元悖论”是否依然成立充满争议。本文通过构建包含银行与金融摩擦的两国DSGE模型,为考察全球金融周期的形成提供了理论依据。美国货币政策通过资本流动传导到外围国金融市场,使外围国信贷利率、银行风险承担以及杠杆率与美国银行趋同,形成全球金融周期。金融渠道的传导速度快于实体经济渠道导致外围国国内经济周期与金融周期相背离,外围国想要稳定经济就不得不与美国保持同向的政策利率变化,货币政策独立性将不再存在。随着全球经济一体化进程加速,估值效应的作用越来越明显,浮动汇率制度并不能隔离全球金融周期的影响也无法保证货币政策的独立性。在资本账户开放的情况下,外围国金融市场越不发达,受全球金融周期的影响越大,货币政策越不独立。     

经济周期、财政政策周期和货币政策周期的时变关联机制研究

本文运用时变参数向量自回归（TVP-VAR）模型、时变格兰杰模型和具有区制转移特征的局部投影模型,研究中国经济周期和经济政策周期之间的时变关联、因果次序以及政策互动视角下的财政货币政策有效性问题。研究发现：（1）我国财政政策周期和货币政策周期的变动会促使经济周期同向变动,合理运用财政政策和货币政策可以有效调控经济周期;我国财政政策具有顺周期特征,但顺周期的程度在不断减弱,而数量型货币政策应对经济周期的立场一直表现出逆周期特性,但对经济周期冲击和通货膨胀冲击的反应程度在不断减弱,这可能归咎于“金融稳定”“区间调控”或“量价转型”。（2）我国经济周期和经济政策周期之间的格兰杰因果关系主要体现在经济周期和货币政策周期之间,且只有在经济新常态之后两者才呈现出明显的耦合关系。（3）当前我国财政政策和货币政策的互动模式的主要功效是提升了各自稳增长的短期有效性,而中长期经济效应并不显著。     

金融周期识别与货币政策的选择

近年来,随着金融市场的快速发展,金融体系对实体经济的影响日益增加,金融冲击成为引起经济频繁波动的重要因素,金融市场自身的周期波动对实体经济运行也产生了显著的周期效应.在此背景下,从金融市场和货币政策出发来研究金融周期波动和金融危机形成的内在机制的金融周期理论,逐渐成为经济周期理论研究的一个新兴热点领域.因此,本文试图系统性地研究金融周期,首先,文章梳理了金融周期理论文献的发展脉络,探讨了金融周期波动的两种主要机制,在此基础上,文章描述了我国当前金融运行特点,进一步研究了我国进入金融周期下半场后金融市场所表现的主要特征,最后根据金融周期的特征提出了货币政策建议.     

中国股票市场的内生性与外生性

中国股票市场带有明显的政策市特征,是因为政府出于多种原因考虑既要抑制股市下跌又要控制过度上涨。但是,股票市场本质上是内生性的,股票市场运行遵循着固有的自然规律。货币政策主要通过影响股市资金供给和实体经济来影响股票市场。本文建议,货币政策在战略上应考虑实体经济,只是在策略上需考虑其对股票市场的可能影响。     

经济周期波动中的货币政策效力变动——基于39个工业行业数据的实证研究

本文采用2006-2013年工业39个细分行业数据,分析了经济周期波动中货币政策的效力变动情况,研究表明:扩张性的货币政策在经济周期波动中的效力变动并不显著,而紧缩性的货币政策在绝大部分行业中都表现出其在经济衰退期的效力要大于经济扩张期。此外,本文还从金融摩擦的视角,通过构建产业金融摩擦指标来对货币政策的效力变动进行解释,实证结果发现资产负债率、偿债能力系数、短期负债占比指标加剧了经济周期波动中货币政策的效力变动,而国有企业属性能够通过削弱金融摩擦进而减少货币政策效力变动。     

中国经济周期波动的新特征:一个流动性的解释

2000年至今,中国经济进入新一轮上升经济周期,本轮经济周期经历了8年持续上涨,呈现出上升持续时间长、周期跨度大、波动幅度小的特点,是之前从未有过的。本文从流动性视角分析本轮上升周期的因素特征。经检验,流动性是本轮上升周期的突出因素,货币不仅是“非中性”的,而且具有自我调节的“内生性”,在2008年从紧的货币政策实施后,本轮经济上升周期将可能终结,经济增速放缓,但降幅不大。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.