二次监视雷达跟踪近程目标的新方法

针对近程目标的机动特性以及在近距离询问信号饱和使应答机抑制等因素造成二次监视雷达不能稳定跟踪目标的现象，提出了一种新的跟踪方法，采用询问编排、功率控制等措施让应答机能有效应答，并通过近程跟踪滤波、航迹融合来实现对近程目标的稳定跟踪。该方法提高了系统的跟踪效能，近程目标的应答率提高到了80%左右，适合于二次监视雷达系统对近距离目标跟踪要求严苛的场合。该方法已在实际工程中成功应用。     

航管二次雷达数据处理

为了持续稳定跟踪和询问到空中客机,基于航管二次雷达工作原理,设计了航管二次雷达数 据处理功能模块。在Vxworks嵌入式操作系统上采用交互多模滤波技术完成了对客机改变航 道或转弯时的航迹跟踪和数据处理。外场试验结果表明,通过航管二次雷达数据处理功能模 块的合理划分以及采用交互多模滤波跟踪技术能实现对空中客机的实时监视,并与其保持 正常通信。     

空管二次雷达S模式询问机目标捕获与监视实现方案

提出了一种空管二次雷达S模式询问机捕获与监视空中S模式目标的工程实现方案。方案既考 虑了S模式询问机的具体使用条件,又完全符合国际民航组织附件10的相关规定。采用S模式 与A/C模式的兼容组合技术实现了过渡时期对空域目标的全面监视,采用自适应随机捕获技 术实现空域中S模式目标的捕获和锁定,采用S模式多目标询问时序编排技术实现对同一波束 内多个S模式目标的选址询问和监视。该方案已经在实际二次雷达S模式询问机研制过程中得 以应用和验证,效果良好。     

二次雷达系统询问旁瓣抑制新方案

分析了二次雷达系统中采用的询问旁瓣抑制（ISLS）技术,针对其不能完全消除询问旁瓣干 扰、无法调节询问方位覆盖范围的不足,提出了一种新的设计方案,采用和（Σ）、差（Δ ）、全向（Ω）三通道发射询问信号的方法来消除旁瓣干扰,并通过采用询问信号传递波束 调节因子的方法实现系统询问有效方位波束宽度的自动调节。该方案提高了系统的询问旁瓣 抑制能力、抗干扰能力和平台适应性,已成功应用于某工程。     

ALENIA二次雷达性能下降原因与改善方法

民航空中交通管理体系中,航管二次雷达作为空中交通管制主要监视设备,为管制部门提供了可视化指挥依据,目前国内使用的航管二次雷达在运行过程中都会出现或大或小的问题,有的会造成其性能下降,为此对可能引起合肥ALENIA二次雷达设备性能下降的原因进行了简要分析总结。     

一种提高二次雷达测距精度的方法

测距精度决定了二次雷达系统的目标分辨能力。针对现有二次雷达测距算法测距精度低的问题，分析了二次雷达的测距原理和引入的误差，提出了改进的自适应测距方法。在不更改二次雷达信号格式和硬件设计的前提下，采用分布式处理方式，使询问机和应答机能自动周期性测试本机内部延时，并在询问应答过程中自动分别扣除本设备的内部延时，从而提高二次雷达系统的测距精度。     

DLD-100A二次雷达受到有源干扰现象分析及排除

空管四号系统DLD-100A二次雷达肩负着长春龙嘉国际机场空中交通监视的任务。长春机场范围内电磁环境复杂,但是窜扰、多径、异步干扰、旁瓣询问等影响二次雷达系统探测概率的因素对DLD-100A二次雷达来说不能构成影响。但是2009年4月在雷达站附近出现了严重的丢点现象,经过值班员的判定,认为是有源干扰造成的,并与吉林省无委会合作对干扰源进行了定位和排除。     

RSM970S雷达安全链PLC替代方案研究

二十一世纪以来,法国THALES公司生产的RSM970S单脉冲二次雷达相继在我国多个地方安装并投入使用。2007年11月在合肥地区安装使用了该型号的航管二次监视雷达。目前这套雷达在合肥地区是本场航管监视数据源。其中AA2000机柜作为天线的控制驱动系统,负责给天线马达提供电源及启停功能,向雷达设备监控系统提供天线的运行状态数据,在整套系统中起到了举足轻重的作用。为此,将对如何使用PLC替代AA2000机柜的安全链,以及如何进行硬件配置和程序优化设计进行研究分析。     

摇摆状态一维相控阵天线波束指向修正

由于载机平台摇摆,一维相控阵天线姿态会发生倾斜,从而影响波束指向。为此,提出了一 种修正方法,给出了适应于各种监视雷达系统（如二次航管系统）工作原理的详细修正流程 及算法。试验结果表明,所提方法使 天线能维持高指向精度。     

论交叉询问中的诱导性询问

诱导性询问是交叉询问中对证人进行盘诘的重要的常规方法，对诱导性询问的法律规则直接关系到法庭审判中司法公正、效率等多元价值的实现。该文在分析诱导性询问的概念及积极作用的基础上，针对我国诱导性询问的现状，提出一些完善的建议。     

机载防撞系统干扰限制功能的设计与实现

针对机载防撞系统(TCAS)空对空通信时存在的同步混扰,采用飞机分布因子结合问询功率和问询速率的控制方法,建立了干扰限制的数学模型,给出了TCAS监视功能干扰限制的设计流程。按照DO-185B标准定义的高密度飞机分布环境,采用计算机仿真得到了TCAS干扰限制功能在高密度空域中统计性能,对不同监视区域中TCAS应答机的占用率与DO-185B的设计需求进行比较,验证了设计的干扰限制功能的有效性和实用性。仿真结果表明干扰限制算法能够满足高密度空域中TCAS监视功能的要求,在TCAS干扰限制功能的设计和性能评估方面具有实际应用价值。     

All consuming surveillance: surveillance as marketplace icon

With consumers and their activities routinely visible through online, mobile and social media, to both their peers and to corporations, this article examines surveillance as a marketplace icon. Surveillance is central to the construction of consumers and markets. Many contemporary marketing practices are surveillant as they rely on the collection, analysis and application of consumer data to place advertising, define market segments and to nudge consumer behaviours. Consumer surveillance is also an enactment of corporate power, attempting to align individual preferences with corporate goals. The historical origins of surveillance and the emergence of the surveillance–industrial–entertainment complex are explored, which highlights how surveillance, as well as a process for defining markets is also an object of consumption. The future sees a huge struggle for consumer data between two great centres of surveillance power – the state and the corporation – as they battle over data use for national security.     

Management and Legal Issues Regarding Electronic Surveillance of Employees in the Workplace

Since the attack on the World Trade Center in New York, and on the Pentagon in the United States, concerns over security issues have been at an all-time high in this country. Both state and federal governments continue to discuss legislation on these issues amid much controversy. One key concern of both employers and employees is the extent that employers, espousing a “need to know” mentality, continue to expand their capability and implementation of surveillance of employees in the workplace. With the technology typically growing faster than the speed of legislation, protective or permissive, the management and legal issues involved in electronic monitoring of employee communications in the workplace, are and well should be on the agenda for discussion of every management and legal team in American business today. Companies have a legitimate right to protect their trade secrets from disclosure by disgruntled employees. Similarly, companies also have a duty to protect their good names and reputations from unauthorized employee communications with outside parties, and even other employees, that may damage them. It is also a prime duty of management to ensure, in their direction of their workforces, that the employees execute their responsibilities by working full time on their stated objectives. In this regard, any management that fails to oversee its workforce to ensure that employees are not expending valuable company time, for which they are being compensated, on personal business, including unauthorized communications, is remiss in its responsibilities to its shareholders. The company may see a reduction of the price of its shares in the marketplace if it does not protect the economic interests of its shareholders.     

Capture and surveillance of quad-bike (ATV)-related injuries in administrative data collections

Identifying quad-bike-related injuries in administrative data collections can be problematic. This study sought to determine whether quad-bike-related injuries could be identified in routinely collected administrative data collections in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and to determine the information recorded according to World Health Organization (WHO) injury surveillance guidelines that could assist injury prevention efforts. Five routinely collected administrative data collections in NSW in the period 2000–2012 were reviewed. The WHO core minimum data items recorded in each of the five data collections ranged from 37.5% to 75.0%. Age and sex of the injured individual were the only data items that were recorded in all data collections. The data collections did not contain detailed information on the circumstances of quad bike incidents. Major improvements are needed in the information collected in these data-sets, if their value is to be increased and used for injury prevention purposes.     

飞机监视应用系统、航迹融合与ADS-B In应用

来自地面、他机和本机的多种航迹数据源为飞机的监视系统带来了新的应用，这些应用在飞行的各个阶段，辅助飞行员更加安全、有效地操作，减轻管制员对每架飞机的负荷。介绍了飞机监视应用系统的架构、组成和作用，讨论了航迹融合的过程以及对多种数据源的整合，总结了建立在ADS-B In基础上的8种应用，梳理了飞机监视应用系统、航迹融合和ADS-B In之间的关系，对飞机监视应用形成了概略的认知。     

Impact of the Safe Community program in Harstad on the incidence of injuries

Objectives Since 1987, the Harstad community in Norway has run an injury prevention program according to the Safe Community approach. The effectiveness of this approach in reducing injury rates is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Harstad program on the incidence of injuries. Methods We used data from the National Injury register of Norway and compared age-adjusted incidence rates and standardized rate ratios of injuries in Harstad and three control communities for the period 1992-1997. Results Harstad had the second highest rates for both all injuries and fractures. No reduction in the incidence of injuries in Harstad was observed from 1992-1997. The injury rates in 1992-1997 were similar to the rates recorded in 1985/86. Conclusions The injury prevention program in Harstad has not reduced overall injury rates. The Safe Community concept is an organizational strategy, but implementation of proven and targeted risk reduction measures will be needed if community-based programs are to result in risk reductions.     

粮库安全防范系统的设计

本文主要介绍粮库安全防范系统常用的形式、功能、组成和系统的布置原则。     

News and Events

Our aim is to report the findings of the initial three years of road traffic injuries (RTI) surveillance at Karachi and to compare it with previously published RTI-related data from Pakistan and other low-and middle-income countries. Data were collected through the RTI surveillance programme at Karachi (RTIRP) from the five biggest emergency departments of the city, which receive almost all the major emergencies of the city for the period September 2006 till September 2009. A total of 99,272 victims were enlisted by the RTIRP during the study period. Annual incidence of RTI is calculated to be 184.3 per 100,000 populations and mortality is 5.7 per 100,000 populations. Eighty nine per cent of victims are male and 73% are between 15 and 44 years of age. Commonest road user to be affected is riders of two wheelers (45%). Only 7% of affected motorcyclists were found to be wearing helmets at the time of the accident. Trends of injuries remained uniform over the years. Most frequent injuries were external wounds, followed by orthopaedic injuries. On the basis of our surveillance system, we have presented the largest RTI-related data from a metropolitan city of Pakistan to date.