大数据环境下网约车乘客体验影响因素研究

随着人们物质生活条件的提高,人们对于出行的体验感受越来越注重,传统的“等待式”的公交、出租车等出行方式已经难以满足人们的多样化的需求。而在网络信息化时代,网约车的出现已经成为当下年轻人出行的主要方式,随时随地网上预约,在线付款,极大的改善了乘客的出行体验。文章基于大数据在网约车模式中的应用分析,具体的阐明了网约车乘客体验的影响因素,从客户的感受出发,营造更为舒适且有品质的出行方式。借助对网约车乘客体验影响因素的分析,从平台运营效率、司机服务等角度切实提高网约车服务的质量。     

上海城市轨道交通商业综合开发现状及问题研究

一、上海轨道交通发展及其商业开发现状 上海轨道交通已经成为人们重要的出行方式之一.据上海市交通局统计数据,2006年上海公交客运量占总出行比重为25.5%,轨道交通日均客运量180万人次,占全市公共交通日均客运总量的15%.     

规范网约车市场秩序的社会调查及政策组合研究——以沈阳市为例

在大数据、互联网+交通的背景下,网约车市场蓬勃发展.但是由于监管不利,出现时间较短等诸多原因,越来越多的问题暴露在人们的视野中.本文以沈阳市为例,通过调查问卷和访谈研究方法了解沈阳市网约车现状,分析网约车与出租车行业存在的冲突与矛盾,对比不同省市网约车政策的内容,分析政策发挥作用的路径和机制,提出相关的政策组合建议,以期实现既满足市民出行方便又稳定发展出租车、网约车行业的双赢目的.     

网约车市场发展现状及建议

网约车是在“互联网+”的时代背景下出现的,这一出现顺应了时代的潮流,网约车的出现不仅使人们的出行得到了方便,而且也使原本闲置的车辆资源得到充分的利用,网约车产业具有很大的发展潜力.但是,网约车从出现以来就一直问题不断,虽然政府针对规范网约车出台了很多新政,但是很多问题仍然没有得到有效解决.     

北京市网约车市场政府监管问题研究——基于经济学视角的分析

近年来,随着移动通信和互联网技术的快速发展和相互融合,网约车应运而生,并逐渐形成了“互联网+出租汽车”新业态.然而,网约车也存在着诸多弊端和隐患,如合法性问题、行车及信息安全问题等.文章从经济学角度对北京市网约车市场的政府监管问题进行深入研究,从网约车市场的各个主体及其相关关系入手,分析网约车市场的发展现状、存在的问题及其根源,最后为保障网约车市场的良好运行和健康发展提供政府决策参考.     

西安市游客公共交通出行满意度的影响因素与路径组合

文章立足于游客公共交通出行满意度多种影响因素的现实条件,从游客公共交通出行满意度影响因素由多个条件路径组态的理论视角出发,运用分析多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,探索游客公共交通出行满意度影响因素的复杂路径。研究发现:(1)安全性、便利性、舒适性、科学美观性和附加功能形成的32种组合中,其中有7个充分性条件构成特定组合路径能够影响游客公共交通出行满意度;(2)单项因素中舒适性因素构成结果变量的必要条件,但其余单项因素都不能构成游客公共交通出行满意度影响因素的必要条件;(3)这7条游客公共交通出行满意度影响因素的条件路径组合的总体覆盖率约为0.871135,总体一致性约为0.863739;(4)在所有路径组合中,便利性的频率最高;(5)围绕"一定包含"舒适性和便利性的共同作用构成了2个原始覆盖率最高的组合;(6)而当组合"一定不包含"舒适性和便利性时,产生了原始覆盖率最低的组合。     

"滴滴出行"存在的问题及对策分析

随着"互联网+"时代的到来、智能手机的不断发展以及我们国家对出租车行业进行的经营许可和总量控制管制,出租车数量匮乏导致了市民出行困难.因此以"嘀嘀出行"为主要形式的网约车APP的用户量不断增加,也促使网约车的合法地位得到认可.本文针对嘀嘀出行的模式、现状等方面进行分析,找出在发展过程中存在的问题,并提出可行性意见.     

共享经济视角下的网约车监管问题研究

在当前"互联网+"共享经济"的大趋势下,移动互联网技术的进步对于经济的促进作用日趋明显,"车联网"这一模式也出现并逐步成熟.确实,在先前打车困难局面持续的情况下,"网约车"的出现无疑大大方便市民的出行,但与此同时,汽车服务也存在诸多问题,现行的监管制度也有其不足之处,加之实施不力,导致"网约车"市场的混乱,制度化监管还有很长的路要走.本文即分析在共享经济视角下,对网约车的监管问题进行再思考,以期促进行业的健康有序发展.     

论网约车的立法选择

网约车的出现既是"互联网+"共享经济的直接产物,亦是消费者理性选择的结果.对网约车的法律规制须与社会现实相符合,社会是网约车立法的根基所在.网约车的未来发展仰赖良好的制度环境,为网约车立法既是网约车本身的诉求,亦是社会对其的规范化诉求.在网约车立法的具体路径选择上,由地方进行"先行先试"的立法是可行的选项.在网约车立法价值的选择上,须遵循其内在逻辑及外在要求,从二者中探寻网约车立法的基本价值取向.     

我国城市间航空客运量影响因素的实证分析

城市间航空客运需求是航空公司航线网络布局时需要参考的重要信息。文章分析了影响城市间航空客运量的因素,建立了描述城市间航空客运量的半对数形式的线性计量经济模型,并使用我国2002年的352个城市对的横截面数据对模型进行了估计。分析结果表明,城市间距离、机场旅客吞吐量、人口密度、邮政电信业务总量、人均拥有公共交通车辆数以及城市性质和GDP相比,与城市对航空客流有着更为密切的相关关系。文中所建立的城市对客运量的回归模型可以作为航空公司进行航线需求分析的基础。     

Pricing of Transport Networks,Redistribution, and Optimal Taxation

The author studies optimal pricing of roads and public transport in the presence of nonlinear income taxation. Individuals are heterogeneous in unobservable earning ability. Optimal transport tariffs depend on time costs of travel and work schedule adjustments (days and hours worked per day) as a response to commuting costs. The author finds that discounts for low‐income individuals are optimal only if the time cost of a trip is small enough. Lower travel time costs facilitate screening; therefore, redistribution provides an additional motive for congestion pricing. Finally, the study investigates the desirability of means‐testing of transport tariffs.     

城市低碳公共交通对旅游景点通达性影响研究——以苏州市为例

以苏州19个代表性旅游景点为样本,引入通达性的概念,使用空间距离通达性和时间距离通达性为测量指标,构建空间—时间通达性矩阵,分别得到不同条件下等空间距离示意图、等时间距离示意图和低碳公共交通对景点通达性改善示意图,通过测算比较,分析城市低碳公共交通对旅游景点通达性的影响程度和机理,结果表明:①景点的通达性与其空间距离通达值有一定的相关度;②城市公共自行车能在不同程度上改善景点的通达性;③城市公共自行车的科学布局非常关键;④要构建城市立体低碳公共交通系统实现整个城市内部交通通达性的提高;⑤引入城市低碳公共交通在古城保护、城市环境、旅游效用、景区保护等诸多方面有着重要的意义。     

民主、公正还是绩效?——中国地方政府合法性及其来源分析

目前,中国的地方政府是否面临着深刻的合法性危机?本研究假定影响地方政府合法性的因素主要有4个:政府服务绩效、制度的公正性、传统文化中的威权主义观念以及制度创新。文章根据在实地调研中收集的10省20个乡镇的资料数据,就地方政府的合法性及其来源进行实证检验。根据检验结果,公推直选制度的实施,比较明显地提高了民众对基层政府的支持和信任,但其他类型的制度创新对地方政府合法性的影响并不显著。政府服务绩效、制度的公正性和威权主义观念对政府的合法性均有显著影响,但影响程度不同。公推直选也在一定程度上改变了乡镇政府合法性的生成机制。根据分析结果,作者就地方政府如何克服合法性危机提出了若干政策性建议。     

杭州公共自行车景区游客体验研究

旅游交通随着旅游业和交通运输业的大力发展,越来越成为影响旅游目的地游客体验质量的重要环节。2008年5月1日起,杭州在全国率先运行公共自行丰租赁系统,将自行车纳入公共交通领域。如今,此套公共自行车租赁系统的使用满意度,尤其是景区范围内的旅游交通游客体验情况,值得学界关注和研究。     

中等城市绿色交通系统分类评定模型建构

根据以往我国城市绿色交通的调查结论,设计调查问卷,调查之后进行分析。运用Logit回归模型,建立一个专门针对二元因变量的Binary Logit模型,得出以下结论:收入水平、交通拥堵状况、对小汽车的态度和低碳环保意识4个变量因为统计检验不显著而未能进入最终模型。同时,油价、停车费、居所附近的直达公交线路、居所附近的轨道交通、公共交通乘坐舒适度、工作日平均出行距离与居民绿色出行方式的选择具有显著相关关系。     

Technology legitimation in the public discourse: applying the pillars of legitimacy on GM food

ABSTRACT

The public sphere, reflected by the public discourse, is an important domain for the legitimation of technology. In the institutional literature, four pillars of legitimacy are distinguished: normative, cognitive, regulative, and pragmatic. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent these pillars can be used as a framework for analysing the legitimation of technological innovations in the public discourse. We conducted a qualitative media analysis of the case of GM food in the Netherlands, analysing 287 articles from nine Dutch newspapers in the period of 1996–2016. The results show that the pillars provide insight into legitimacy in a multi-dimensional way and serve as a structure for the dynamics of legitimation processes. Regarding GM food, the public debate was pre-dominantly negative, with a strong focus on the normative pillar. Emotional rhetoric exceeded knowledge and understanding (cognitive pillar) of GM food. The regulative and pragmatic pillars were hardly addressed.     

新冠疫情期间武汉市线下娱购出行管控效应实证分析

出行方式管理是城市防疫抗疫工作中的一项重大公共事务,新冠疫情期间,武汉市实施了最严格的个人出行管制,并控制、封闭了进出武汉的大通道。文章基于城市居民线下娱购出行方式视角,应用2018-2019年出行调查数据,对选择机制展开了多项Logit建模,总结了武汉市疫情期间出行管控的积极效用。研究认为:管控效用的发挥分为了两个重要阶段,其标志分别为"停运禁行公交及小汽车、封闭公路通道""社区管制、家庭自我隔离"。武汉市创造性地发展了一套"基于购物单元的网选需求共递"举措,用线上网购与合并运输的形式,有效地补充了出行管控期间,居民线下基本生活的购物不足。武汉市渐进解除步行和公交车出行方式管控,将释放购买蔬菜生鲜和日用品的线下购物需求,促进社区商业网点及大型零售商业中心的业务回暖,改善武汉市中低收入人群出行质量。解除管控过程须重点关注60岁以上老年男性、18岁以下中小学生、公交站点密集地带。研究建议优先解禁电动车和自行车,对中小学开学前的学习用品实施需求管理。研究结论为全球新冠肺炎防治的"中国方案"和"武汉经验",补充了理论认知与解释。     

A Systematic Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Transport Policy

This paper presents an integrated urbanpassenger transport model system for evaluatingthe impact of a large number of interrelatedpolicy instruments on urban travel behaviourand the environment. The model system has fourintegrated modules defining household locationand automobile choices, commuter workplace andcommuting travel choices, non-commuting travelactivity, and worker distributed workpractices. The demand model system, estimatedas a set of discrete and continuous choicemodels, is combined with a set of equilibratingcriteria in each of the location, automobileand commuting markets to predict overall demandfor passenger travel in various socio-economicsegments, automobile classes and geographiclocations. We illustrate the diversity of thesystem by applying the integrated system toPerth (Western Australia), in the context ofassessing their impacts on greenhouse gasemissions. The model system is embedded withina decision support system to make it anattractive suite of tools for practitioners.     

Sustainable global automobile transport in the 21st century: An integrated scenario analysis

Transport represents a significant threat to long-term sustainable development, and is one of the fastest-growing consumers of final energy and sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, transport is heavily reliant on petroleum, a limited resource that is also associated with geopolitical risks to security of supply. Together, threats to the global environment and limited resource availability warrant a closer examination of possible pathways to a sustainable transport system. This study describes a sustainable automobile transport scenario based on the SRES B2 scenario, but with key demographic and economic drivers updated to incorporate developments between 1990 and 2000, and revisions to population projections. Multiple sustainable development objectives are incorporated, including: i) continuing economic growth, with a moderate reduction in disparities in income between different world regions; ii) maintaining a buffer of oil and gas resources to enhance security of energy supply, both globally and in vulnerable regions; iii) abating greenhouse gas emissions to ensure atmospheric CO₂ concentrations do not exceed double pre-industrial levels; and iv) ensuring global mobility demands are met, without resorting to assumptions about a large counter-trend shift to public transport or lower travel demand. We then explore the technological, economic, fuel production and infrastructure implications of realizing this scenario over the long term. This provides a number of policy insights by identifying critical developments required for the emergence of a sustainable global passenger transport and energy system.     

Estimating individual driving distance by car and public transport use in Sweden

How much to drive, and how much to use public transport, are modelled as three and two level decisions, respectively, based on micro–data for Sweden. The choices whether to have a car, whether to drive given access to a car, and how much to drive given that the individual drives at all are then estimated using a three equation model. Also after correcting for other variables, such as income, men are driving much more, and using less public transport, compared to women. People living in big cities are less likely to drive, but those who do are on average driving about as much as others. Age and access to company cars are also important determinants for travel behaviour, but being a member of an environmental organization is not. Driving increases with income, but to a lower degree compared to most aggregated studies on national level. The difference is explained in a model with income dependent structural changes, implying that it becomes more difficult to live without a car when average income increases. This indirect effect is found to be of a similar size as the ordinary income elasticity typically found in cross–section analysis within a country or region.