Neoclassical growth model with two fixed delays

“Delay” has been considered as one of destabilizing factors in economic dynamics for a long time. Dynamic macroeconomics is concerned with explaining growth and fluctuations. This paper shows how various dynamics involving cyclic fluctuations can emerge in the standard neoclassical growth model when two distinct delays, a delay in production and a delay in depreciation, are explicitly taken into account. We first confirm that the production delay has a stabilizing effect and the depreciation delay has a destabilizing effect in a one‐delay model. We then determine the stability switching curve analytically in the two delay model. It is shown that cyclic fluctuations emerge via Hopf bifurcation when stability is lost. It is also found that stability loss and gain repeatedly occur. Numerical examples verify the theoretical results when the Cobb‐Douglas production function is adopted.     

古典经济学与新古典经济学经济增长理论的比较分析

经济增长理论一直都是经济学家们不断努力研究和探索的领域,而真正能够把自己的主张理论化、体系化的,就要从亚当.斯密的《国富论》算起。从亚当.斯密开创的古典经济学派所提出的经济增长理论到当今盛行的内生增长模型以及制度经济增长模型,经济增长理论经历了不同阶段的发展。与古典经济学派的经济增长理论相比较,马歇尔的经济增长理论最明显的区别之处就是在考虑市场的时候,加入了需求方面的思考,并且在方法论中主要利用了主观主义以及边际分析方法和数学的方法,使人们注意到,生产并不是一切,只有供求平衡才能把具有稀缺性的资源分配到最适宜的地方,做到资源的有效配置。     

优化公司治理结构 提高公司治理效率

公司治理结构是公司的核心制度,建立良好的治理结构可以提供有效的监督,从而激励公司更有效地利用资源,保证公司高效运行和良性循环,提高公司治理效率。通过分析公司治理结构构成的股权结构、资本结构和委托代理三要素与公司治理效率的相互影响、互为因果关系,并从三要素详细阐述了如何最大程度降低公司治理成本,同时获得最大的公司治理收益,进而保护股东、债权人和其他利益相关者的利益,以实现公司的高效运行和可持续发展。     

利益相关者与公司治理

企业是一系列不完全契约的集合体,企业不仅是股东的企业,也应成为全体利益相关者的企业。利益相关者理论在逐渐完善的过程中,对传统股东至上的治理模式提出了挑战和质疑,并相应地提出了利益相关者治理模式。但利益相关者治理模式也并非完美的治理模式,依然存在着一些不足和改进的必要。     

公司治理与企业社会责任研究

<正>一、引言企业社会责任研究兴起于20世纪初,从20世纪50年代开始,西方学术界和企业界就对企业社会责任展开了热烈的讨论。目前对企业社会责任研究可分为两部分,第一部分是对企业社会责任概念的界定和完善     

公司财务治理研究综述

公司治理是一个国际性的前沿课题。财务治理是公司治理的核心。我国对公司治理的研究是从20世纪90年代开始的,财务治理的研究还处于初级阶段,深入研究财务治理理论和实践具有重要的理论和实践意义。其主要内容包括财务治理的研究背景;财务治理的研究动态;财务治理理论的发展方向。     

公司治理影响资本结构吗

本文以2004-2007年A股非金融类上市公司非平衡面板数据为研究对象,在我国特殊的制度环境下分析上市公司的公司治理与资本结构之间的关系.研究发现公司治理结构对资本结构有着十分重要的影响.该结论基本符合债务控制理论,但与西方现有文献相比仍有所不同;该结论丰富了企业融资理论,对完善我国公司治理制度和资本结构有很大意义.     

公司治理与企业内生风险

本文在整理有关公司治理文献的基础上,指出公司治理与企业内生风险的关系;对企业委托人层面上的权力重构做出合理的静态分析,认为委托代理关系的融合是降低企业内生风险的关键;研究还表明,若干时期内,委托代理关系不可能调整到均衡状态。因此,委托人必须预设一个相对弹性的空间,使得内在风险与外在风险可调和,在“共同治理”模式下,当委托人与代理人拥有的信息随着时间推移互为“内外双层气泡”时,企业内生风险可以降低。     

投资者保护与公司治理

公司治理是近 30年来理论研究的热点 ,但人们大多把注意力集中于对经理行为的研究 ,而忽视了对投资者保护的关注。随着以哈特为代表的新产权学派的兴起 ,特别是LLSV( 1 998)的实证数据使得人们把视角转为对投资者保护机制的关注。我们发现 ,在投资者保护的研究框架下 ,可以更好地理解公司治理 ,以及它们对一国金融市场和经济发展的重要性。     

公司治理与大股东利益侵占——桂林集琦药业股份有限公司案例研究

以“桂林集琦”为案例,以此来了解一些公司的治理情况,以及其对企业经营的一些重大影响。与国外成熟资本市场不同的是,我国非流通股和国有股的特殊制度背景,恶化了大小股东之间的利益冲突。大股东通过股权融资、占用资金、现金股利、资产交易、担保等多种方式攫取利益。     

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics

"It is this distancing of personal relationships, combined with their replacement by written contractual terms and conditions, which make the discussion of ethics within a corporate institutionalised context highly limited and problematic.' The challenge is to find means of personalising modern corporations so as to encourage ethical behaviour. Atul K. Shah PhD (Econ) ACA gained his doctorate from the London School of Economics and is Lecturer in the Department of Accounting and Financial Management, at the University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ; e-mail ashah@essex.ac.uk . This article was conceived while he was Visiting Assistant Professor at the College of Business, University of Maryland, USA. The author wishes to thank Dan Ostas, Lee Preston and Stephen Loeb for helpful comments on earlier drafts.     

Corporate Governance in Mexico

This paper looks broadly at the theme of corporate governance in Mexico. It begins with a brief analysis of the historical corporate governance model in Mexico, including the governance structures, the banking and financial systems, ownership and control patterns, industrial policy, and industrial relations. The paper then examines how and why these various aspects of corporate governance have been changing with processes of economic liberalization currently under way. Finally, it analyzes the consequences of changes in the model of corporate governance for the country's development (e.g. increased consumer goods for middle class consumers, increased disclosure by domestic corporations, less support for corporate social programs, etc.).     

Corporate Governance in Nigeria

In recent years, international economic pressures have induced Nigeria to adopt a program of economic liberalization and deregulation. Advocates of the reforms tout their potential not only for generating greater economic growth, but also for contributing to more responsible corporate governance. Sceptics abound. This paper provides an account of the nature of corporate governance in Nigeria and investigates the prospects for recent reforms contributing to more responsible governance and development.     

Corporate Governance in Brazil

Corporate governance is an issue of growing importance in developing economies, as many firms pass through significant transformations due to the combined forces of sociopolitical changes, technological progress and economic trends toward globalization. These elements, along with the structural characteristics of developing economies such as less developed capital markets and governmental interventionism, draw a picture for corporate governance practices that may, in some aspects, be fundamentally different from the practices found in European or North American contexts. In this paper we review and discuss the state of corporate governance practices in Brazil, focusing on how the governance structure of Brazilian firms has been subjected to important changes in the recent past and how even more changes are expected to happen.     

新古典经济学在解释中国企业成长中的问题分析

本文认为,新古典经济学理论主要以发达国家的经验为基础,研究视角集中于发达国家的市场结构和企业的产生、成长等问题,在解释中国企业成长过程方面存在一些缺陷:一是经济人假设遇到了障碍;二是我国市场化程度有限,市场结构相互交叉;三是政府的角色不同,参与市场的程度和对市场的影响程度不同;四是国家经济发展的目标或侧重点不同;五是我国经济迅速发展,市场环境和结构变化、技术发展进程加快。文章提出,我们应当辩证地学习和借鉴新古典经济学理论,指导我国经济发展和企业成长。     

公司治理结构与现金持有量

经理人‘自利动机’可能会影响到公司现金持有量以及现金使用。不同治理结构又会对‘自利动机’构成不同的约束,从股权集中度、经理人所有权以及董事会构成、外部投资者受保护的程度等角度分析公司现金持有量与公司治理结构的关系,进一步研究公司治理结构与现金持有量,对我国上市公司实现现代化管理有重要意义。     

公司产权结构与法人治理结构的探讨

市场经济是一种法制经济,法制经济需要有健全的法律制度。市场经济是一种产权经济,需要以产权价值为基础,以社会资源配置中对权力的合理安排和资源配置的不断提高为前提。产权是一定社会经济利益的集中体现,建立现代产权制度及改善法人治理结构,必须依赖于建立产权受托责任明晰的经营管理组织。     

Corporate Governance Quality and CSR Disclosures

Given the increasing importance attached to both corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance, this study investigates the association between these two complimentary mechanisms used by companies to enhance relations with stakeholders. Consistent with both legitimacy and stakeholder theory and controlling for industry profile, firm size, stockholder power/dispersion, creditor power/leverage, and economic performance, our analysis of the annual reports for a sample of 222 listed companies suggests that firms providing more CSR information: have better corporate governance ratings; are larger; belong to higher profile industries; and are more highly leveraged. Our findings support the limited prior research suggesting a link between corporate governance quality and CSR disclosure in company annual reports and suggest that, rather than mandating specific disclosures, regulators might be better served focussing on corporate governance quality as a way of increasing CSR disclosures.     

Corporate Governance and Codes of Ethics

As a result of recent corporate scandals, several rules have focused on the role played by Boards of Directors on the planning and monitoring of corporate codes of ethics. In theory, outside directors are in a better position than insiders to protect and further the interests of all stakeholders because of their experience and their sense of moral and legal obligations. Female directors also tend to be more sensitive to ethics according to several past studies which explain this affirmation by early gender socialization, the fact that women are thought to place a greater emphasis on harmonious relations and the fact that men and women use different ethical frameworks in their judgments. The goal of this paper is to determine the influence of these characteristics of the Board in terms of promoting and hindering the creation of a code of ethics. Our findings show that a greater number of female directors does not necessarily lead to more ethical companies. Moreover, within Europe as a continent, board ownership leads to an entrenchment of upper-level management, generating a divergence between the ethical interests of owners and managers. In light of this situation, the presence of independent directors is necessary to reduce such conflicts.