共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Philippe Verreault-Julien 《Journal of Economic Methodology》2017,24(3):297-317
How can we use models to understand real phenomena if models misrepresent the very phenomena we seek to understand? Some accounts suggest that models may afford understanding by providing causal knowledge about phenomena via how-possibly explanations. However, general equilibrium models, for example, pose a challenge to this solution since their contribution appears to be purely mathematical results. Despite this, practitioners widely acknowledge that it improves our understanding of the world. I argue that the Arrow–Debreu model provides a mathematical how-possibly explanation which establishes claims of mathematical dependence. The account developed reveals how mathematical knowledge can inform claims about the world, allow ‘what-if-things-had-been-different’ inferences, and thus improve our understanding. 相似文献
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Robert Northcott 《Journal of Economic Methodology》2019,26(1):59-69
ABSTRACTShould we insist on prediction, i.e. on correctly forecasting the future? Or can we rest content with accommodation, i.e. empirical success only with respect to the past? I apply general considerations about this issue to the case of economics. In particular, I examine various ways in which mere accommodation can be sufficient, in order to see whether those ways apply to economics. Two conclusions result. First, an entanglement thesis: the need for prediction is entangled with the methodological role of orthodox economic theory. Second, a conditional predictivism: if we are not committed to orthodox economic theory, then (often) we should demand prediction rather than accommodation – against most current practice. 相似文献
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以杜瓦斯的解释水平为线索,当代统一的社会心理学,从最为微观和最为心理学化的个体内过程到最为宏观和最为社会学化的群际过程,都有典范的主宰理论模型。《当代世界学术名著:社会心理学系列》精心选择这些主宰理论模型的奠基之作或代表作翻译成中文。期望本名著系列的翻译出版,能滋养中国社会心理学的“文化自觉”。 相似文献
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Robert Cherry 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(3):729-743
John Rawls's A Theory of Justice is examined from the perspective of experimental methods in economics and complex adaptive systems simulations. This paper first discusses the justice principle selection process in Rawls's representation of it as a hypothetical experiment. This hypothetical experiment fails to satisfy reasonable experimental controls, particularly as reflects the conception of the individual it employs. The second section of the paper discusses the differences between Rawls's two conceptions of rational persons associated with his distinction between thin and full theories of the good. The third section uses his fuller conception of rational persons, life plans, and psychological laws in the third part of the book to offer an alternative view of the selection process understood as a complex adaptive system. The fourth section turns to a topic raised by this complex system approach, the status of normative reasoning in political-economic systems. The fifth section summarizes. 相似文献
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We propose a new and simple methodology to estimate the loss function associated with experts’ forecasts. Under the assumption of conditional normality of the data and the forecast distribution, the asymmetry parameter of the lin–lin and linex loss function can easily be estimated using a linear regression. This regression also provides an estimate for potential systematic bias in the forecasts of the experts. The residuals of the regression are the input for a test for the validity of the normality assumption. We apply our approach to a large data set of SKU-level sales forecasts made by experts, and we compare the outcomes with those for statistical model-based forecasts of the same sales data. We find substantial evidence for asymmetry in the loss functions of the experts, with underprediction penalized more than overprediction. 相似文献
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冷兆松 《新疆财经学院学报》2005,1(2):13-16
中共十五大报告第一次系统阐述了社会主义公有制实现形式多样化理论,十六届三中全会第一次明确提出把股份制作为公有制的主要实现形式,从而在理论上和政策上第一次彻底实现了我国社会主义公有制实现形式的“两个根本转变”:公有制实现形式由“二元”模式转变为“多样化”模式,公有制主要实现形式由国有制转变为股份制。这是我党在社会主义公有制实现形式理论上成熟的重要标志,是对马克思主义所有制实现形式理论的继承、发展和重大创新。 相似文献
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试论需求层次理论在中国行政管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
激励是人力资源管理的核心问题,它对于充分调动组织成员工作的积极性、创造性,吸引和留住人才以及提高个人和组织绩效都具有决定性的意义。在中国政府行政管理中运用马斯洛的需要层次理论,结合行政管理的具体特点,完善公务员绩效考核和有效激励体系,是提高公务员工作的积极性、创造性,提高行政效率的科学选择。 相似文献
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This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to industrial output in the UK. In order to capture asymmetries, a system of threshold equations is considered. However, unlike previous research, endogenous threshold parameters are allowed to be different for each equation. Such an approach may be appealing from an economic point of view and is shown to be of importance after suitable econometric evaluation. Results show evidence of cross-sectional differences across industries and asymmetries in some sectors. These findings contribute to the debate about the importance of alternative economic theories to explain these asymmetries and support the use of a sectorally disaggregated approach to the analysis of monetary transmission. 相似文献
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经济活动有两类人参与:一是从事生产交换活动的人,是为私家人(经济人);二是为经济活动建立制度规则、维持秩序的人,是为公务人.古代和近代是一种小规模生产,制度规则长期固定,公务人的参与被遮蔽,只显示出私家人活动,由此亚当·斯密提出了经济人假说.工业革命后,生产走向社会化,制度规则的变革加快,公务人与公务活动的作用增大.而在西方国家,资本主义市场经济占统治地位,这种制度凸显私家人,因而在西方经济学各种理论框架中,经济人假说是一大理论支柱.社会主义市场经济以公有制为主体,公务人与公务活动的作用更大,两类人假说更为适用,可为开创21世纪中国经济学提供一个理论支柱. 相似文献
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从零散事实到典型化事实再到规律发现——兼论经济研究的层次划分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文结合中国经济学发展的思考,对于典型化事实在经济理论中的地位和作用进行了初步探讨。典型化事实是一种能够反映经济运行的真实和基本特征的具有代表性的关键性事实。中国经济的"典型化事实"研究和发现仍然是一个未完成的任务。以计量分析指标所显示的典型化事实,及其所赖以产生的基础模型,必须建立在长期经济理论研究的积累之上。典型化事实,又是经济理论发展的方向。典型化事实的研究中需要排除一些不良的研究方法,并注意采用正确方法从零散事实中提炼典型化事实。经济研究的过程,大致上包括从零散事实到典型化事实,再到一般理论模型和真实模型,最后到经济规律发现等环节。 相似文献
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关于差异化竞争的两种理论解释及启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
差异化竞争的基本原理有着广泛的应用价值。从理论上剖析该原理的内涵将有助于对其应用领域的拓展。产业组织理论和组织生态理论分别对差异化竞争理论从不同角度提出了各自的解释,从而为差异化理论在企业实践、产业规划等方面的应用提供了新的视角。 相似文献
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Günter Coenen 《Empirical Economics》2005,30(1):65-75
This paper provides closed-form formulae for computing the asymptotic covariance matrices of the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of stable VAR models by means of the delta method. These covariance matrices can be used to construct asymptotic confidence bands for the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions to assess the underlying estimation uncertainty. The usefulness of the formulae for empirical work is illustrated by an application to inflation and output gap data for the U.S. economy indicating the existence of a significant short-run Phillips-curve tradeoff.First version received: November 2002/Final version received: September 2003 相似文献
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本文针对我国经济生活中出现的拜物教现象,深入地分析了拜物教的涵义与实质,指出了它的危害性,最后提出以马克思关于破除拜物教的观点为指导,采取与现阶段相适应的治理对策. 相似文献
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邱引强 《技术经济与管理研究》2009,(6):88-90
本文从分析生产力的基本职能出发,揭示出随着生产力的发展,劳动生产率的提高会越来越多地释放出生产就业者,日益发达的生产能力会生产出超过人们购买能力的产品(含服务品)。这里主张将这些剩余的人力物力用于学习就业,反过来学习就业又可以进一步推动生产力发展,形成互为促进的积极意义。然而,市场经济并不能自动将这些剩余的人力物力配置到学习就业上,以改革传统的财政收入方式,增强社会再分配能力来发展学习就业事业就成为我们可供选择的路径。 相似文献
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中国是典型的发展中大国,自20世纪90年代以来,我国学者对大国经济的研究经历了提出问题、初步探索、形成热点三个阶段,主要从大国经济崛起的典型化事实出发,研究了大国特征和大国优势、大国模式和大国战略、大国治理和大国体制等问题,提出了一些有价值的思想观点。但是,现有研究存在对象不够明晰、内容比较分散和理论深度有待拓展等问题,基于这种状况,未来的研究将在广度和深度上拓展,并形成科学的理论体系。应该积极寻求大国经济研究的微观基础和理论范式,揭示超大规模国家经济的特征和特殊规律,并通过在系统化研究、核心原理研究和学科体系研究等方面取得突破,为大国经济学的创立奠定基础。 相似文献
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Are different regions of the United States experiencing convergence in levels of GDP? Carlino and Mills (1993) examined this
question through time-series techniques, and found some evidence in favor of regional convergence. This paper checks the robustness
of their results by using new econometric methods proposed by Vogelsang (1998). Our results, together with results from Loewy
and Papell (1996), suggest there is stronger evidence in favor of convergence than previously thought based on the results
of Carlino and Mills (1993).
First version received: September 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
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基尼系数理论最佳值及其简易计算公式研究 总被引:66,自引:1,他引:66
本文针对《中国统计年鉴》有关城镇和农村居民收入数据单列而难以直接测算城乡合一基尼系数的情况 ,证明了 :在收入五分法下基尼系数的计算方法 ,可以五分法中最高收入组与最低收入组各自所占的收入比重之差来简易计算。文章以严格的数学推导证明出基尼系数的理论最佳值为三分之一 ,并用推导出的简易公式对世界银行利用收入五分法所公布的 3 2个国家的统计数据进行了重新计算 ,结果发现 ,以笔者的简易公式所计算出的基尼系数与世界银行公布的基尼系数极其接近。本文关于基尼系数的简易计算公式及其理论最佳值的分析 ,为中国城乡合一的基尼系数的测算及分析提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
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《航运法》出台在即,航运市场准入制度是航运法体系的重要组成部分。航运经济是市场经济,允许何种航运企业以及其他相关参与者进入航运市场首先要由市场来选择。当市场失灵时,政府便要制定一系列的政策进行宏观调控,立法是国家制定社会政策的主要方式之一。法律既是行使国家职能的主要依据,也是抑制公共失灵或政府失灵的主要措施。因此,构建科学、合理的航运市场准入制度,应当按照"市场选择—政策—调整—法律约束"这条理论脉络,综合经济学、社会学和法学理论等学科,从一个跨学科、多领域的视角来分析航运市场准入理论框架。 相似文献