马克思相对过剩人口理论视角的我国当前失业问题探析

马克思的相对过剩人口理论是伴随着资本主义社会资本积累和资本有机构成提高而产生的,对研究我国当前的失业问题具有重要的理论指导意义。劳动力总供给大于总需求、产业结构调整、科学技术进步与广泛应用、劳动力素质与市场需求脱节等是我国当前失业问题产生的原因。其解决对策主要有,保持经济稳定增长,增加社会财富;发挥人口优势,大力发展第三产业;加快科技创新,推进社会分工;实施扩大就业战略,努力实现充分就业;改革教育制度,提高劳动者就业能力等。     

Marx on Ricardo: an explanation of some important misunderstandings

Ricardo's theory of value and distribution is reconstructed by proceeding along the lines of Marx's critique of Ricardo. It is thus an anti-critique of Marx's reading of Ricardo. The chapter ‘On Value’ in Ricardo's Principles is shown to be a consistent and rigorous treatment of the determinants of prices of production. According to Ricardo labor-values merely serve to approximate more elaborate standards of value. Marx's criticism is shown to rest crucially on his own misinterpretation of Ricardo's definitions and presupposes his own – faulty – theory of surplus value. Therefore Ricardo's theory can – contrary to Marx's theory of surplus value – still be regarded as a fruitful complement to Sraffa's model.     

Sraffa’s Constructive and Interpretive Work,and Marx

ABSTRACT

This article provides a summary account of Piero Sraffa’s constructive and interpretive work on the classical approach to the theory of value and distribution and its relationship with Marx’s contributions. It is shown that in the early phase of his constructive work Sraffa developed his equation systems by adopting a ‘physical real cost’ approach and a strictly objectivist point of view, and completely eschewed Marx’s labour-based approach and the related Marxian concepts. Only at a later stage did he explore systematically the relationship between his own modern re-formulation of the surplus approach to the theory of value and distribution and Marx’s contribution. He considered Marx’s most important analytical contribution to the further development of the surplus approach to consist of the re-integration of circular production relations, which allowed him to see the existence of a maximum rate of profits and its role in an analysis of accumulation and technical change.     

Governing stigmatised space: the case of the ‘slums’ of Berlin-Neukölln

Spatial stigmatisation – naming spaces with high concentration of poverty as a slum or ghetto – has been well covered in the critical urban geography and sociological debates. Yet, these discussions have neglected to theorise the intersection between the production of stigmatised space and the governance of its inhabitants within the context of one of Germany’s most stigmatised boroughs. By situating Berlin-Neukölln within historical processes of capital accumulation, I show how the discursive, institutional and material practices of neoliberal social policies have played a central, albeit contradictory, role in (re-)producing stigmatise spaces and subjects along racialised, gendered and class lines. This is particularly evident with regard to neoliberal governance strategies that employ and apply the power of public money to repress and integrate impoverished workers into contemporary capitalist society, or what I refer to as the ‘monetisation of socio-spatial reproduction’.     

中美贸易失衡问题的新变化、根源与对策研究

作为世界上最大的两个经济体,中、美两国之间的贸易一段时期内处于失衡状态,具体表现为中国对美国的巨额贸易顺差。在2008年金融危机后,中美贸易发生了一系列新的变化。导致中美贸易失衡的直接原因是政策干预及统计差异,深层原因是全球产品价值链的特定分工格局,集中表现为中国国际收支账户的“双顺差”。为扭转贸易失衡,中国需要调整外资政策,减少外资依赖,鼓励创新。     

外商直接投资对中国国际收支双顺差影响的分析

20世纪90年代以来,中国的国际收支呈现出经常项目和资本与金融项目顺差并存的“双顺差”特点。造成双顺差的原因有很多,其中外商直接投资（FDI）是一个重要的影响因素。运用理论和实证的分析结果表明,外商直接投资与“双顺差”之间存在着显著的因果关系,且两者之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系。积极合理的利用外商直接投资,不仅有利于化解中国宏观经济的外部失衡,也有利于带动中国经济的协调发展。     

盈余报告及时性:来自中国股票市场的经验证据

本文借助于不同的测度指标,从三个方面考察了上市公司2000-2002年度盈余报告及时性与业绩变动间的关联性。研究发现,虽然监管部门在2000-2002年间加大了对上市公司年度报告的规范力度,但盈余报告的及时性并未得到进一步强化,盈余报告及时性有整体推后的趋势。盈余报告及时性与盈余消息间的“好消息早,坏消息晚”的披露规律依然存在,与以往不同的是,这种关联性更为明显地表现为好消息早的现象。     

Research on the Emergence of China's Foreign Trade Surplus and Countermeasures

With the development of economic globalization and the deepening of international division of labor, the integration of foreign trade and investment is booming, which leads China to linked with world by world trade and international financial system. The imbalance in the global economy is getting worse, and the attention has a constant improvement. It's necessary for us to have a intensive study.     

2002-2010年中国农村剩余劳动结构的估算

本文研究我国农村剩余劳动的长期结构性变化。研究结果表明,2002-2010年间,农业剩余劳动数量急剧下降超过90%,农村公开失业数量上升70%,成为剩余劳动的主要形式。在农村剩余劳动中,年龄在40岁以上的劳动者、受教育程度在小学及以下水平的劳动者和女性劳动者比例呈明显的上升趋势,2010年所占比例分别达到723%,4811%和5699%,这些变化可以解释剩余劳动与工资上涨、民工短缺并存的“悖论”,剩余劳动的结构性变化表明刘易斯拐点已经到来。     

Belonging or estrangement—The European Refugee Crisis and its effects on immigrant identity

This study examines the impact of the 2015 European Refugee Crisis on the ethnic identity of resident migrants in Germany. To derive plausibly causal estimates, I exploit the quasi-experimental setting in Germany, by which refugees are allocated to different counties by state authorities without being able to choose their locations themselves. This study finds that higher shares of refugees in a county increased migrants’ attachment to their home countries, while not affecting their perceived belonging to Germany. Further analyses uncover strong heterogeneities with respect to country of origin and suggest that concerns about xenophobia, experiences of discrimination, and the consumption of foreign media contributed to these effects. Lastly, I find that changes in ethnic identity coincide with the political polarization of migrants.     

论目前中国经济运行的基本态势--生产性过剩的产生与化解

最近一个时期 ,我国经济运行出现增长过剩的势头。增长是好事 ,过剩则意味着诸多经济摩擦的发生。如果不加以抑制和化解 ,它对经济运行必将产生严重危害。在目前 ,生产性过剩颇令人关注。就此进行经济学的分析和评价 ,对于探讨当前我国经济运行的走向或许是有益的。     

流动性过剩、贸易信贷与持续贸易顺差——基于中国货币政策影响贸易收支渠道的经验研究

文章针对经典理论不能解释的中国"流动性过剩的情况下还能产生持续贸易顺差"现象,将贸易信贷纳入货币政策传导机制分析框架,通过实证检验证明中国货币供给影响贸易收支的通道主要是"贸易信贷"以及"通过汇率影响贸易信贷".借此给出了我国"流动性过剩条件下产生贸易顺差之谜"的一个解释,强调紧缩性货币政策和人民币升值的汇率政策有助于消除内外均衡冲突.     

封闭模型下稻米生产技术进步的福利效应分析

运用误差修正模型,估计我国稻米供给和需求弹性,在此基础上,采用Akino和Hayami提出的福利效应模型,具体测算我国稻米生产技术进步的福利效应并进行分解,基本结论为：稻米具有较低的供给弹性和需求弹性,稻米技术进步的福利效应表现为消费者剩余的增加和生产者剩余的减少,但消费者剩余的增加值远远大于生产者剩余的减少值,从而整个社会经济福利水平呈现上升趋势。     

地方保护的经济学分析

在经济越来越趋于全球化的今天，我国国内却地方保护盛行。地方保护给我国不可避免地带来了诸多问题，它使全国统一的大市场难以建立、公平竞争的市场环境难以形成以及资源难以在全国范围内最优化配置。当前．我国正在进行大规模经济秩序整顿及经济发展环境治理，其中主要问题就是消除影响社会整体福利的地方保护主义。运用经济学的静态分析法和博弈论对地方保护主义的成因及影响展开分析，在此基础上提出解决方案。     

浅谈人文关怀教育在马克思主义理论课教学中的运用——以《马克思主义基本原理概论》课为例

马克思的全部理论都洋溢着人文关怀的思想。从人文关怀教育与马克思主义理论教学的关系出发,在分析马克思主义理论课人文关怀教育现状的基础上,提出人文关怀教育在《马克思主义基本原理概论》课教学中实现的途径与方法。该研究对深入挖掘和大力弘扬马克思主义人文关怀的思想有一定的理论价值和实践意义。     

The market and exploitation in Marx's economic theory: a reinterpretation

Adopting the view that Marx's notion of 'commodity' has a widerreach than is usually supposed, and that it is this notion,rather than a 'labour theory of value' that is the cornerstoneof his economic theory, this paper shows that Marx's accountof capitalist exploitation is one that accords equal priorityto the production and market domains. Central to this demonstrationis an unorthodox explanation as to why Marx posits two alternativerules of prices in Capital.     

马克思"资本家--工人"模型中企业家理论

马克思是伟大的经济学家，他用名的“资本家——工人”模型深刻分析了资本主义市场制度内在规律性。抛开马克思经济学中“阶级成分”，可以看出资本家追求利润时的企业家特征，马克思对这种特征的描述反映了现代企业家理论的许多方面。