媒体报道、通胀预期与新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线

本文研究媒体报道对通胀预期的影响以及预期对现实通货膨胀的驱动效应。文章根据发行量排名、影响力和覆盖范围选取媒体库并计算相关媒体报道的量化指标,通过调查数据获得现实中公众对未来的通胀预期,进而检验媒体报道是否对公众预期通胀率具有显著影响。文章还进一步构建了基于微观基础的新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线模型,用以考察通胀预期对现实通胀率的驱动效应。研究结果表明,中国的媒体舆论显著驱动公众预期,媒体舆论对公众预期变化的解释程度接近30%;单份报刊每增加1篇关于物价上涨的相关报道,公众预期通胀率会上升0.1%～0.2%;同时,公众预期又对现实通胀率具有显著驱动效应,公众预期通胀率每上升1%,现实通胀率上升0.3%～0.7%。因此,我国存在着从媒体报道到公众预期再到现实通货膨胀的传导机制。     

附加预期的菲利普斯曲线评析

菲尔普斯在承认传统的菲利普斯曲线短期存在的情况下在价格和工资粘性假设、自然失业率假说和适应性预期或理性预期假设的基础上对附加预期菲利普斯曲线做了更深入的研究．提出长期菲利普斯曲线存在的形式，这一成果弥补了传统菲利普斯曲线时间上的限制，改变了人们长期以来对通货膨胀和失业之间关系的传统认识，加深了人们对经济政策对经济的长期影响与短期影响关系的理解。     

中国通货膨胀问题研究——基于菲利普斯曲线的三因素模型视角

当前,中国的通货膨胀压力不断增大,研究发现,中国目前的通货膨胀主要是由供给推动所致,且以经济"滞胀"为显著特点。因此,决策者应通过扩大产出来抑制供给型通货膨胀,避免使经济由"滞胀"转向"衰退"的轨道。     

我国新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线的经验研究——基于混合学习预期的视角

本文基于1991—2020年的季度数据，通过构建适应性学习预期的状态空间模型，采用卡尔曼滤波算法对我国学习型预期进行了测度，并将适应性学习预期、高阶滞后适应性预期、理性预期和混合预期分别代入新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线进行经验研究，进而分析我国新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线的混合学习预期特征。研究结果表明：首先，我国适应性学习预期并非完全理性预期，而是一种近理性预期，具有近理性特征。其次，我国新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线具有高阶滞后适应性预期与适应性学习预期的混合学习预期特征，同时高阶滞后预期对通胀率的影响表现为逆向的通胀惯性。最后，适应性学习预期特征要强于高阶滞后适应性预期特征，即相比于高阶滞后适应性预期，适应性学习预期可以更好地反映我国通胀预期形成机制，但适应性学习预期相对于高阶滞后适应性预期的强度受通胀率衡量指标的影响。     

菲利普斯曲线的发展演进及其内在逻辑

菲利普斯曲线自提出以来多次出现重大的发展和变化。文章在综述近五十年来菲利普斯曲线发展过程的基础上,阐释其演变的基本逻辑及其对宏观经济学研究的启示。     

基于新凯恩斯混合菲利普斯曲线的中国货币状况指数构建及其应用

实证研究表明,我国的菲利普斯曲线是一条兼顾前瞻性和后顾性的新凯恩斯混合型菲利普斯曲线。有鉴于此,本文通过构建一个新凯恩混合斯菲利普斯曲线方程来估计中国MCI的权重。对这一新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线方程的GMM估计结果表明,中国MCI三个要素（利率、汇率和货币供应量）的权重比例为1：9.8：35.1。分析显示我们构建的MCI指数走势很好地对应了中国通货膨胀的反向运动。进一步的计量和统计分析表明,我们构建的MCI指数不但可以作为中国货币政策的信息指示器,还是一个潜在的货币政策操作目标变量,但还不足以用作诸如BT型和Ball型等形式的货币政策规则。     

中国经济转轨时期的菲利普斯曲线

本文尝试用长期菲利普斯曲线的环形曲线模型来解释我国经济体制转轨以来的菲利普斯曲线的变动情况。探讨我国菲利普斯曲线变动的原因,分析我国菲利普斯曲线的变动与经济周期的关系。对今后一段内我国菲利普斯曲线的变动趋势作出预测,进而提出适宜的宏观经济政策思路。当然,由于众所周知的原因,我国的失业率被公认为低于真实的失业水平,但这并不影响菲利普斯曲线的总趋势。     

关于菲利普斯曲线研究的评述

菲利普斯曲线自提出以来,就受到了凯恩斯主义经济学家的高度重视,同时也受到了反凯恩斯主义学派的反对,围绕菲利普斯曲线,凯恩斯学派和反凯恩斯学派的争论从没有停止。以弗里德曼为首的货币主义学派认为短期菲利普斯曲线有效而长期无效,理性预期学派从根本上否认了菲利普斯曲线的存在。该文系统梳理了围绕菲利普斯曲线的争论,评价了各种学派的观点,认为菲利普斯曲线只是说明通货膨胀和失业的相关性,并不意味着二者是因果关系,通货膨胀和失业的原因是不一致的。     

A simple test of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

We propose a way to test the New Keynesian Phillips Curve without having to estimate its structural parameters. We find that it does not exist as a combination of the structural parameters consistent with the US data. This might be due to the failure of the joint hypothesis of rational expectations.     

中国的通货膨胀惯性与通货膨胀不确定性——基于有限理性NKPC模型的分析

本文拓展有限理性菲利普斯曲线模型并结合中国参数进行校准,然后利用校准模型研究中国通货膨胀惯性特征及其与通货膨胀不确定性之间的关系。结果显示,有限理性菲利普斯曲线模型能很好地模拟出与中国实际通货膨胀惯性类似的特征。进一步研究还发现,研究样本期间,中国通货膨胀惯性总体上呈现先上升而逐渐下降的驼峰型特征,而且与通货膨胀预期不确定性存在正向相关关系。这些发现意味着,我国中央银行货币政策滞后效应正在缩短,而为了进一步降低通胀惯性并提高货币政策有效性,引导通货膨胀预期保持稳定是一大途径。     

Output,Inflation and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

Explicit modelling of factor markets clarifies two fundamental aspects of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC). First, we clarify the relationship between output and marginal cost. Second, for the NKPC in inflation–output space, we identify the key stochastic influences on inflation without recourse to ad hoc cost or excess demand shocks. The econometric implementation of this clarified NKPC, which evolves strictly according news on the stream of future marginal costs, allows us jointly to derive inflation as a forecast of future variables. Our approach clarifies the empirical successes and failures of the NKPC and allows us to provide new aggregate evidence on the degree of price rigidity in the UK economy.     

通货膨胀实时预测及菲利普斯曲线的适用性

本文从实时分析的视角,基于多种退势方法的产出缺口最终估计、准最终估计和实时估计序列,分别构建了四类预测模型对我国通货膨胀率进行预测,分析了产出缺口修正效应和滞后阶数变化效应对通胀预测的影响,并进一步考察了产出缺口在通胀预测中的作用及菲利普斯曲线在通胀预测中的适用性。研究结论表明,通胀率的实时预测效果要明显比基于最终数据的差,其中滞后阶数变化效应对实时预测精度的影响大于产出缺口修正效应;尤为重要的是,尽管在最终数据的预测分析中,产出缺口的引入能够提高通胀率的预测精度,但是在实时预测中,产出缺口没有提供有价值的信息,因此"产出—通胀"型菲利普斯曲线在我国通胀实时预测中并不适用。     

Inflation forecasting using the New Keynesian Phillips Curve with a time-varying trend

Does theory aid inflation forecasting? To address this question, we develop a novel forecasting procedure based upon a New Keynesian Phillips Curve that incorporates time-varying trend inflation, to capture shifts in central bank preferences and monetary policy frameworks. We generate theory-implied predictions for both the trend and cyclical components of inflation, and recombine them to obtain an overall inflation forecast. Using quarterly data for the Euro Area and the United States that cover almost half a century, we compare our inflation forecasting procedure against the most popular time series models. We find that our theory-based forecasts outperform these benchmarks that previous studies found difficult to beat. Our results are shown to be robust to structural breaks, geographic areas, and variants of the econometric specification. Our findings suggest that the scepticism concerning the use of theory in forecasting is unwarranted, and theory should continue to play an important role in policymaking.     

Product market regulation,trend inflation and inflation dynamics in the new Keynesian Phillips curve

In this empirical paper, we take a close look at the impact of the observed decline in the product market regulation, and hence in the barriers to entry and in impediments to competition, on inflation dynamics since the early 1980s.We use an enlarged new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) allowing for entry of firms and increasing competitive pressures with the number of firms and non zero trend inflation.Using OECD indicators on product market regulations, characterized by persistent fluctuations, and taking into account the non stationary properties of the inflation process, we investigate the empirical relevance of this NKPC for inflation dynamics in the US and France, assuming VAR expectations. The results point out that product market regulation is a good candidate as an exogenous structural source of the observed persistence in inflation for the past thirty years in both the US and France.     

The New Keynesian Phillips curve and the role of expectations: Evidence from the CESifo World Economic Survey

We provide evidence on the fit of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve for selected Euro zone countries, the US and the UK. Instead of imposing rational expectations and estimating the Phillips curve by the Generalized Method of Moments, we use direct measures of inflation expectations from the CESifo World Economic Survey. Our main findings are as follows: (i) The use of survey data gives empirical results, which are more reliable than those obtained from the GMM approach. (ii) The purely forward-looking Phillips curve can be rejected in favor of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve. (iii) The estimated coefficients on past inflation are higher when using survey expectations than when using the rational expectations GMM approach. (iv) It remains unclear whether real unit labor costs or a measure of the output gap should be used as a proxy for real marginal costs. (v) Theory-based restrictions lead to an improvement of the empirical results.     

重新认识菲利普斯曲线的真正价值

菲利普斯曲线的真正价值不在于失业率与通胀率之间的置换关系而在于对经济运行态势的勾勒。短期菲利普斯曲线可分为六种类型，长期菲利普斯曲线则极不规则，就实现宏观调控而言，研究短期菲利普斯曲线更有意义。     

Evaluation of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve: evidence from the Euro Area and United States

Empirical relevance of inflation expectations in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) is highly controversial in the macroeconomics literature. With this in mind, this article evaluates the purely forward-looking NKPC useful for policy analysis with respect to their abilities to account for the dynamic relationship between output and inflation. Our findings show that the NKPC heavily relying on firms’ forward-looking behaviour is hardly supported by the Euro Area and the US data. The failure of the NKPC in matching the data is consistently observed across the sub-samples divided before and after the early 1980s. For comparison, we also investigate the performance of the hybrid NKPC and the traditional backward-looking Phillips curve associated with ad hoc price indexation assumptions.     

Globalization and flattening of Phillips Curve in Turkey between 1987 and 2007

In the last two decades, there have been important changes in inflation dynamics in Turkey. While average inflation rate, inflation volatility and inflation persistence declined, the prices of tradable goods have shown an increase less than prices of non-tradable goods. The aim of this paper is to inquire whether the globalization has an effect on this change and to test whether and how it affected the slope of the Phillips Curve. The findings point out that global activity did have an effect on domestic inflation rate and that Phillips Curve got flatter.