基于模糊综合评判法的产品竞争力分析

模糊综合评判是对多种属性的事物,或者说其总体优劣受多种因素影响的事物,作出一个能合理地综合这些属性或因素的总体评判。文章采用模糊综合评判的方法对产品竞争力进行评价,得到产品竞争力评价值,为企业产品改善方向提供理论依据。     

产品功能创新战略——创新战略的突破

陈圻教授所写的《中国式蓝海战略——产品功能创新战略及其竞争力评价》一书,提出了产品功能创新战略,并对这种新的战略作了竞争力评价,令人耳目一新。本文就产品功能创新战略作了一些论述。     

基于层次分析法的物流企业竞争力财务评价指标体系的研究

首先概述了物流企业竞争力构成的基本因素及其相应的财务评价指标,从物流企业的人力资本运营、核心产品服务的生产经营能力、营销服务管理能力以及技术创新能力等方面分析了影响其竞争力大小的重要变量,接着应用AHP层次分析法构建了物流企业竞争力的财务评价指标体系,以上述竞争力因素作为一级评价指标分解和衍生了细化的二级可量化的财务指标,以此作为下一步实证研究的矩阵构造向量,最后基于AHP层次分析法对物流企业竞争力从财务指标评价的视角进行了实证研究。     

基于层次分析法的物流企业竞争力财务评价指标体系的研究

首先概述了物流企业竞争力构成的基本因素及其相应的财务评价指标,从物流企业的人力资本运营、核心产品服务的生产经营能力、营销服务管理能力以及技术创新能力等方面分析了影响其竞争力大小的重要变量,接着应用AHP层次分析法构建了物流企业竞争力的财务评价指标体系,以上述竞争力因素作为一级评价指标分解和衍生了细化的二级可量化的财务指标,以此作为下一步实证研究的矩阵构造向量,最后基于AHP层次分析法对物流企业竞争力从财务指标评价的视角进行了实证研究.     

基于G1法和复合线性矩阵的制造型企业品牌竞争力评价

随着经济全球化的逐渐深入和企业所处内外部环境的不断变化,制造型企业必须从单纯的产品经营转向价值经营和品牌运作,进而不断提升企业的品牌竞争力,充分发挥品牌的价值和效应。本文通过对制造型企业品牌竞争力影响因素的分析,归纳并筛选出影响制造型企业品牌竞争力的7个层次、21个主要因素作为评价指标,并应用G1法确定了各评价指标的权重,构建了制造型企业品牌竞争力评价指标体系。在此基础上,运用复合线性矩阵的系统评价方法,结合C市30家制造型企业进行了实证研究。     

变动成本法与企业短期决策

在产品市场需求趋向饱和的情况下,企业需要加强内部管理来提升竞争力。如何合理安排生产销售、降低成本费用,如何进行合理的业绩评价也是企业管理者必修的功课。相对于传统的完全成本法,变动成本法更能体现利润和业务量之间的关系,便于企业进行正确的短期经营决策与业绩评价。     

客户价值及其在产品评价中的应用

对传统客户价值概念进行了扩展 ,建立了价格驱动的客户价值趋近函数模型 ,为优化产品配置、提高价格的竞争力提供了参考。在客户价值趋近模型的基础上 ,提出了基于客户价值的产品评价方法 ,并结合汽车行业进行了具体应用 ,证明了方法的有效性和实用性。     

滨海城市旅游竞争力测评及提升策略——以山东省为例

滨海城市旅游竞争力直接影响着滨海城市旅游业市场开拓能力和可持续发展能力。本文借鉴国内外相关研究成果,遵循科学、系统和可操作性原则,从旅游资源竞争力、旅游基础竞争力、旅游发展竞争力和旅游环境竞争力等维度构建了滨海城市旅游竞争力评价体系,并以山东省7个滨海城市为例进行了定量测评与比较分析,找出了山东省7个滨海城市的旅游竞争力差异。在此基础上,从特色差异化发展、产品优化升级、资源整合与区域合作、资源保护与环境优化等方面阐述了山东省滨海城市旅游竞争力提升策略。     

基于粗集的建筑企业竞争力模糊评价研究

在分析建筑企业竞争力评价方法现状的基础上,结合建筑企业特点,构建建筑企业竞争力评价指标体系,运用粗集理论对评价指标进行约简,利用德尔菲法和模糊综合评价法对指标的权重和评分进行计算,将郑州市七家建筑企业的竞争力状况进行分析比较,得出评价结果。研究表明,该方法可以有效评价建筑企业竞争力。     

基于改进DEA方法的企业财务竞争力评价

企业财务竞争力的评价是企业财务评价的重要内容之一,单纯以产出或绩效指标评价企业的财务竞争力具有一定局限性,无法科学比较企业竞争力的大小。DEA评价方法建立在效率评价基础上,通过对DEA方法的改进来评价企业财务竞争力,既能科学地反映企业财务实力,又能对企业财务竞争力的强弱进行合理排序。     

道路环境对营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故的防范研究

道路原因是造成营运出租车与摩托车相撞的一个重要方面。作为两轮车，摩托车更易受因道路设计、施工、养护和路面情况等道路环境的影响。根据某市的营运出租车与摩托车事故责任认定分析获知，没有对道路环境问题导致事故责任的认定。但这并不能说明该市的道路环境对交通事故无任何影响，只是说明该市交通部门在事故统计中考虑问题的角度不同，所以对于道路的研究也是预防营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故发生的一个重要方面。文中通过某市一路段近年来营运出租车与摩托车发生的交通事故案件，总结和分析研究引起事故的成因，在此基础上研究并构建基于道路环境的营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故的防范体系，由此可有效防范和减少营运出租车与摩托车的相撞事故，降低事故死亡率、减少经济损失，有效遏制重、特大事故。     

Combining quality and quantity. A psychometric evaluation of the self-anchoring scale

In this study a psychometric comparison is made between a category rating scale with fixed anchors and a self-anchoring category rating scale where respondents themselves define the end anchors by referring to their personal experiences with the construct being measured. A student-satisfaction questionnaire was administered to 301 undergraduate students on two test moments separated by a 1-month period. Both types of category rating scales were crossed with both test moments according to a 2 ×  2 mixed factorial design. Our results show that respondents perceive the construct being measured in the same way with both rating scales. A comparison concerning different indicators of reliability, i.e. test–retest reliability, internal consistency and the error variances associated with each item, also failed to find a difference between both rating scales. In a last analysis it is demonstrated that using a self-anchoring rating scale or a rating scale with fixed anchors has a small but significant effect on the ratings of the respondents. In conclusion, a self anchoring scale may be the scale of choice if additional qualitative information from the anchors is warranted, but when quantitative comparisons between groups are required, rating scales with fixed anchors are preferable thanks to their ease of use.     

Processes with volatility-induced stationarity: an application for interest rates

In this paper we propose a refinement of the existing definition of volatility-induced stationarity that allows us to distinguish between processes with drift and diffusion induced stationarity and processes with pure volatility-induced stationarity. We also propose a classification of stationary processes with volatility-induced stationarity according to the volatility that is needed to inject stationarity. Processes with volatility-induced stationarity are potentially applicable to interest rate time-series since, as has been acknowledged, mean-reversion effects occur mainly in periods of high volatility. As such, we provide evidence that the logarithm of the Fed funds rate can be modelled as a local martingale with volatility-induced stationarity.     

Consumer cooperatives as an alternative form of governance: The case of the broadband industry

With a growing number of consumer cooperatives in non-agrarian industries such as energy and broadband, there is a need to better understand their emergence as a viable form of governance. In this context, the paper uses Mikami’s (2010) model on consumer cooperatives to explain their emergence as a result of their ability to generate additional equity financing through the membership market. It focuses on the motivations of consumers to financially contribute to a cooperative by examining the risks and benefits associated with the investment. Based on a survey of 759 consumers, it links their motivations for joining a cooperative to different forms of risks and benefits associated with the investment. It shows that the risks related to cost sharing and switching costs are important determinants for consumers. Other factors that affected the likelihood of joining a cooperative were expected benefits with respect to user network externalities and infrastructure gains.     

Measuring efficiency in Australian Schools: A preliminary analysis

In this paper, we apply a public sector Data Envelopment Analysis model to estimate the efficiency of Australian primary and secondary schools. Standard microeconomic production theory showing the transformation of inputs into outputs is extended to allow nondiscretionary environmental variables characteristic of educational production. Failure to properly control for the socioeconomic environment leads to inappropriate comparisons and biased efficiency estimates. We employ a conditional estimator that does not allow a school with a better environment to serve as a benchmark for a school with a worse environment. The results suggest that Australian schools are moderately inefficient and that efficiency increases for the quintile of schools with the most favorable environment. Further, efficiency gains are realized with increasing enrollment.     

Fiscal policy,entry and capital accumulation: Hump-shaped responses

In this paper we consider the entry and exit of firms in a Ramsey model with capital and an endogenous labour supply. At the firm level, there is a fixed cost combined with increasing marginal cost, which gives a standard U-shaped cost curve with optimal firm size. The costs of entry (exit) are quadratic in the flow of new firms. The number of firms becomes a second state variable and the entry dynamics gives rise to a richer set of dynamics than in the standard case: in particular, there is likely to be a hump shaped response of output to a fiscal shock with maximum effect after impact and before steady-state is reached. Output and capital per firm are also likely to be hump shaped.     

Risk measures for variable annuities: A hermite series expansion approach

In this study, we propose an efficient approach to the calculation of risk measures for an insurer's liability from writing a variable annuity with guaranteed benefits. Our approach is based on a novel application of the Hermite series expansions on the transition density of a diffusion process to the insurance setting. We compare our method with existing methods in the literature, including the analytical method, spectral method and Green's function method, and illustrate its substantial advantages in calculating risk measures for variable annuities with different guarantee structures. The improved efficiency makes our method flexible to practical implementation in reporting risk measures on a daily basis. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis of the risk measures with respect to key parameters.     

Being ‘Green and Competitive’: The Impact of Environmental Actions and Collaborations on Firm Performance

In this paper, we seek to enhance the understanding of the link between environmental management and firm performance, so contributing to the debate of being “green and competitive”. Relying on the resource‐based view, we study the effect of different environmental management capabilities on a firm's market and image performance. In particular, we analyze the capabilities to implement product and process‐related environmental actions with different types of environmental focus (materials, energy, pollution) and the capabilities to develop environmental collaborations with different types of actors (both business actors and non‐business actors). To this aim we conducted a survey on 122 Italian companies. Results show that market performance and image performance have partially different antecedents. Specifically, a firm's market performance is positively affected by the capabilities to implement environmental actions with a focus on energy and pollution and to develop environmental collaborations both with business and with non‐business actors. On the other hand, a firm's image performance is positively affected by the capabilities to implement environmental actions with a focus on materials and to develop environmental collaborations with non‐business actors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Safer Guildford

There has been an increasing trend in recent years for public agencies to work in partnership with each other and with commercial organizations, which has presented special managerial issues and problems. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 gave the police and local authorities a statutory duty to work in partnership in order to promote and improve community safety. One such partnership is Safer Guildford, which was formed before the legislation came into force and which consequently already had a range of community safety initiatives in place. However, the partnership still had to comply with the new legislation and had to conduct an audit of crime and disorder in its area and publish a strategy for dealing with it. By examining the progress of Safer Guildford using a management perspective, a number of lessons can be drawn that will inform the future management of community safety partnerships.