衍生品定价中的模型风险研究的回顾与展望

随着金融衍生品的日益复杂化,衍生品定价过程中的模型风险越来越受到学术界与业界的重视。论文首先对模型风险的定义与度量的相关文献进行了回顾;然后对衍生品定价过程可能会产生模型风险的各个环节进行了综述,包括随机过程选择、估计方法选择、估计样本选择、定价理论范式选择、定价方法选择,并对其采用的理论、模型、方法进行了比较;最后对衍生品定价中各个环节的模型风险的共识和不足进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于组合模型的股票预测研究综述

随着金融业数据环境的日益复杂,利用传统单一模型进行高精度股价预测变得愈加困难。面对日益突出的股票分析技术需求,组合预测模型开始得到发展并取得了很多成果。首先介绍影响股价波动的分析指标,概括基于传统统计预测模型、机器学习、神经网络等单一预测模型在股票预测中的优势与不足。然后依据组合预测模型的组合形式,将其分为线性模型的组合、非线性模型的组合以及线性与非线性模型的组合3种类型,并报告多种组合模型的实际应用与研究现状。最后,对组合模型股票预测方法的有效性和稳定性进行展望。     

基于Black-Scholes模型的累计期权研究

本文在假设标的股票服从几何布朗运动的条件下,求出在风险中性概率测度下累计期权购买者的期望收益的解析解,并进行了数值计算,从而说明累计期权是一种对购买者十分不利的金融衍生品。     

中国与东盟五国股市投资组合的风险和收益——基于MV和M-LPM模型的实证研究

选取2003年1月至2011年12月间中国和东盟五国股市的市场指数数据样本,分别基于MV和M-LPM模型构造等权重组合、最小方差组合和最大夏普比率组合,比较不同模型和不同投资组合的风险和收益率,实证结果表明构造中国与东盟五国股市投资组合与仅投资国内A股相比可以显著提高风险收益率。     

中国与东盟五国股市投资组合的风险和收益——基于MV和M-LPM模型的实证研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

选取2003年1月至2011年12月间中国和东盟五国股市的市场指数数据样本,分别基于MV和M-LPM模型构造等权重组合、最小方差组合和最大夏普比率组合,比较不同模型和不同投资组合的风险和收益率,实证结果表明构造中国与东盟五国股市投资组合与仅投资国内A股相比可以显著提高风险收益率。     

基于GARCH模型的证券投资基金VaR计算与实证研究

基于统计技术的度量金融市场风险值VaR(Value at Risk)己成为测量市场风险的新标准和新方法。鉴此,如何高效、准确的进行VaR的计算将是问题所在。本文基于GARCH模型,讨论了对数收益率时间序列在正态、学生t和广义误差(GED)三种不同分布下的VaR计算方法,并对样本基金的市场风险进行估计,并通过返回检验来检验模型的准确性。研究结果表明,相比之下,基于GED分布的GARCH模型计算的VaR值最能真实地反映基金风险。     

商业银行信贷组合信用风险VaR估计技术研究

信贷组合的信用风险测度是商业银行风险管理中的难点.本文以信贷组合信用风险水平最终衡量指标VaR的估计技术为研究对象,系统地对给定单一债权违约概率、违约风险暴露及违约损失率条件下的三种VaR估计技术进行数理阐述,这三种技术分别是损失分布函数估计法、Monte Carlo损失分布模拟法和Creditrisk+损失分布模拟法.通过比较论述信贷组合信用风险VaR估计技术为国内商业银行建立内部评级系统提供理论参考和技术支持.     

基于流动性风险的行为资产定价模型研究

从行为金融的研究视角，本研究建立了一种简洁的流动性风险均衡模型。本文将流动性因素纳入股票横截面收益的关键影响因素，构建了基于流动性风险调整的行为资产定价模型，利用欧拉方程确定了模型均衡价格。在一般均衡框架下。本文揭示了买卖差价、交易频率和市场效率等因素以流动性偏好形式对资产价格的影响机理。在连续双向拍卖交易机制下，本文利用仿真检验了均衡价格的形成过程．结果能够解释股票溢价等金融异象。     

基于GARCH-Copula-CVaR模型的中国碳金融市场风险估测研究

碳金融市场发展的核心问题是风险问题,本文基于欧盟与我国各碳金融市场交易数据及收益序列选择最优Copula函数,建立极值理论下的GARCH-Copula-CVa R模型实证测度风险,并用失败频率检验法（Kupiec）对结果进行回测检验。结论为：为不高估碳市场风险,需要考虑汇率与碳价的实际相互作用;对欧盟及我国各碳金融市场的市场风险进行量化,其中风险最大的为上海市碳金融市场,风险最小的为全国碳金融市场;国家经济环境及地方政策等因素的不同都会对市场风险大小产生影响。     

基于VaR-GARCH模型对证券投资基金风险的实证研究

根据证券投资基金收益率序列的尖峰厚尾特征,建立估计基金风险的VaR—GARCH模型。在正态分布、t分布及GED分布三种不同的分布假设下,对基金的VaR值进行估计,并应用Kupiec失败频率检验方法对VaR模型的准确性进行了返回检验。研究结果表明,相比之下,基于GED分布的GARCH模型计算的VaR值最能真实地反映基金风险。     

中国代际收入流动性估计:基于随机系数模型

文章利用 1989-2011 年的中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据对中国的代际收入流动进行了分析。在充分控制生命周期偏误的前提下,文章通过构建随机系数模型进一步修正了模型设定偏误对估计结果的影响。实证结果表明,全国总体的代际收入弹性为 0.6 左右,农村内部为 0.7 左右,城市内部为 0.5 左右。我们发现,生命周期偏误倾向于导致低估代际收入弹性,但模型设定偏误对估计结果的影响方向并不确定。由于解决生命周期偏误的措施无法解决模型设定偏误,以住的研究有可能低估农村的代际流动,高估城市的代际流动。     

Reconciling Value Estimates from the Discounted Cash Flow Model and the Residual Income Model*

This paper examines why practitioners and researchers get different estimates of equity value when they use a discounted cash flow (CF) model versus a residual income (RI) model. Both models are derived from the same underlying assumption — that price is the present value of expected future net dividends discounted at the cost of equity capital — but in practice and in research they frequently yield different estimates. We argue that the research literature devoted to comparing the accuracy of these two models is misguided; properly implemented, both models yield identical valuations for all firms in all years. We identify how prior research has applied inconsistent assumptions to the two models and show how these seemingly small errors cause surprisingly large differences in the value estimates.     

Foreign dependence of individual stock prices: The role of aggregate product market developments

In this paper, we analyze the role of aggregate variables in the transmission from international stock price developments to individual domestic stock prices in a small open stock market. In particular, a theoretical and econometric model is used to determine whether international aggregate product market developments explain observed differences in foreign dependence among individual Belgian stocks. The results suggest that, except for the stocks of some internationally oriented companies, expected international production is not the most important explanatory variable and that an estimation model of aggregate fundamentals explains only part of individual stock price adjustments.     

USING THRESHOLD COINTEGRATION TO EXAMINE ASYMMETRIC PRICE ADJUSTMENTS BETWEEN ADR'S AND THEIR UNDERLYING SECURITIES - THE CASE OF TAIWAN

Many recent studies have focused on the relationship between American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and their foreign underlying stocks, because of the price interaction and arbitrage opportunities provided by the dual listings. The cointegration and its corresponding error correction model employed in some recent studies assume that the tendency to move towards a long‐run equilibrium is present all the time. However, the presence of costs of adjustments may prevent economic agents from adjusting continuously. As an extension of previous studies, this paper applies the threshold cointegration model that allows for asymmetric adjustment towards a long‐run equilibrium to inspect the linkage between Taiwanese ADRs and their underlying shares. By employing the threshold error correction model, the short‐term adjustments also are examined. We find some evidence of asymmetric adjustments in our data. The tests for asymmetries are also implemented with the maximum likelihood estimation for the complete multivariate threshold cointegration model instead of the univariate model.     

商业生态系统视角下企业互动关系模型构建研究

商业生态系统理论打破了传统的企业之间“单赢”的竞争观念。本文以新古典经济学和演化经济学的理论范式．尝试对商业生态系统中企业之间的互动关系进行模型构建。笔者首先运用仿生学的原理．将商业生态系统中企业互动关系分为：企业共生、企业共栖、企业偏害、企业互利共生、企业竞争、企业捕食,并通过数学语言进行界定;然后在此基础上,构建企业间互动关系的Logistic模型、时变模型、相互竞争模型、共生模型、食饵-捕食模型和企业竞合模型,并且对这些模型进行初步的经济学分析。本文为进一步研究企业如何在商业生态系统中分析与其他企业的互动关系．制定适时的企业战略,以求得长期生存和发展提供了有益的理论基础。     

几乎理想需求系统面板数据模型的非参数估计分析

本文探讨几乎理想需求系统的估计问题,充分考虑到各类商品价格数据的局限性和模型中各类商品消费份额的联立内生性,逐步建立一个可以得到估计的几乎理想需求系统非参数面板数据模型;给出其非参数局部线性估计方法,并将非参数估计方法应用于珠三角地区城镇居民消费支出结构的估计和分析,由此对消费支出进行弹性分析。     

A Re-Examination of Financial Analysts' Differential Earnings Forecast Accuracy*

Abstract. This research re-examines whether there are differences in the forecast accuracy of financial analysts through a comparison of their annual earnings per share forecasts. The comparison of analyst forecast accuracy is made on both an ex post (within sample) and an ex ante (out of sample) basis. Early examinations of this issue by Richards (1976), Brown and Rozeff (1980), O'Brien (1987), Coggin and Hunter (1989), O'Brien (1990), and Butler and Lang (1991) were ex post and suggest the absence of analysts who can provide relatively more accurate forecasts over multiple years. Contrary to the results of prior research and consistent with the belief in the popular press, we document that differences do exist in financial analysts' ex post forecast accuracy. We show that the previous studies failed to find differences in forecast accuracy due to inadequate (or no) control for differences in the recency of forecasts issued by the analysts. It has been well documented in the literature that forecast recency is positively related to forecast accuracy (Crichfield, Dyckman, and Lakonishok 1978; O'Brien 1988; Brown 1991). Thus, failure to control for forecast recency may reduce the power of tests, making it difficult to reject the null hypothesis of no differences in forecast accuracy even if they do exist. In our analysis, we control for the differences in recency of analysts' forecasts using two different approaches. First, we use an estimated generalized least squares estimation procedure that captures the recency-induced effects in the residuals of the model. Second, we use a matched-pair design whereby we measure the relative forecast accuracy of an analyst by comparing his/her forecast error to the forecast error of another randomly selected analyst making forecasts for the same firm in the same year on or around the same date. Using both approaches, we find that differential forecast accuracy does exist amongst analysts, especially in samples with minimum forecast horizons of five and 60 trading days. We show that these differences are not attributable to differences in the forecast issuance frequency of the financial analysts. In sum, after controlling for firm, year, forecast recency, and forecast issuance frequency of individual analysts, the analyst effect persists. To validate our findings, we examine whether the differences in the forecast accuracy of financial analysts persist in holdout periods. Analysts were assigned a “superior” (“inferior”) status for a firm-year in the estimation sample using percentile rankings on the distribution of absolute forecast errors for that firm-year. We use estimation samples of one- to four-year duration, and consider two different definitions of analyst forecast superiority. Analysts were classified as firm-specific “superior” if they maintained a “superior” status in every year of the estimation sample. Furthermore, they were classified as industry-specific “superior” if they were deemed firm-specific “superior” with respect to at least two firms and firm-specific “inferior” with respect to no firm in that industry. Using either definition, we find that analysts classified as “superior” in estimation samples generally remain superior in holdout periods. In contrast, we find that analysts identified as “inferior” in estimation samples do not remain inferior in holdout periods. Our results suggest that some analysts' earnings forecasts should be weighted higher than others when formulating composite earnings expectations. This suggestion is predicated on the assumption that capital markets distinguish between analysts who are ex ante superior, and that they utilize this information when formulating stock prices. Our study provides an ex ante framework for identifying those analysts who appear to be superior. When constructing weighted forecasts, a one-year estimation period should be used because we obtain the strongest results of persistence in this case.     

基于马尔可夫区制转移模型的流动性协动效应研究

历次金融危机都伴随着流动性水平的共同下降,流动性协动效应为金融危机提供潜在的动力.文章旨在研究个股与市场、行业与市场间的流动性协动效应的状态依赖特征;研究方法采用了 Markov 区制转移的向量自回归模型,随机选取了30只样本股与市场流动性水平作为研究对象;研究结果发现个股与市场流动性水平的协动性存在非对称效应,市场下跌时其协动效应更加显著,并对这一结果进行了稳健性检验.此外,基于Markov区制转移模型对行业间与市场间流动性协动效应进行研究,结果表明,在市场持续下跌时,行业与市场间以及行业之间均存在显著的流动性协动效应;然而,在非持续下跌过程中,行业间却存在流动性互补关系,并结合中国证券市场的实际情况分析了流动性协动效应产生的原因.     

基于特征工程的建设工程造价指数预测模型构建

对建设工程造价指数的预测能够有效解决建设项目前期投资估算误差较大引起的成本问题。结合实际工程中对造价指数预测模型的需求，以U市发布的2012—2021年建设工程造价指数为例，通过对比不同特征工程方法构建的XGBoost和神经网络两者之间预测误差，选择最优预测模型进行建设工程造价指数模型预测。结果表明，基于树模型特征筛选和均值填充数据集的XGBoost模型，在测试集、训练集、交叉验证误差最低，能够作为建设工程造价指数预测的模型。