WTO贸易政策审议机制对美国贸易政策的审议实践与影响

贸易政策审议机制的最终目标,是促使成员更好地遵守WTO多边贸易规则,该目标的具体表现,就是受审议成员根据审议结果自动调整其受其他成员批评的“问题”贸易政策。成员国是否调整其贸易政策取决于成本与利益的权衡。本文通过TPRM对美国审议实践的分析发现,由于美国贸易政策很强的自主性和对国家利益原则的坚持,TPRM对美国贸易政策的影响极其有限,但从长远来看, 美国坚持不调整其贸易保护政策也是要付出代价的。     

WTO贸易政策审议机制对成员贸易政策的效应

贸易政策审议机制作为WTO成员的贸易政策制定与调整的"双层博弈"分析框架的制度约束,对国内层次上贸易政策制定的效应,是通过提高成员政府制定贸易政策的能力、增强国内透明度来实行贸易政策的自主调整的;国际层次上的效应主要表现在贸易政策的调整效应上.成员最终是否会调整"问题"贸易政策,取决于成本与利益的权衡.     

WTO贸易政策审议机制的运行状况及其存在问题探讨

贸易政策审议机制是世界贸易组织的三大重要机制之一,该机制自建立以来,对改善国际贸易环境和减少贸易纠纷发挥着重要的作用。纵观贸易政策审议机制的运行情况,我们不难把握它存在的问题:机制规则制定、执行以及发展中国家的利益保证。提高对贸易政策审议机制认识和理解,深入研究存在的问题,充分利用这一机制具有十分重要的意义。     

浅议中国应对WTO贸易政策审议策略

贸易政策评审机制是W T O为了改善国际贸易环境,促进多边贸易体制的平稳运行而设立的一种运作机制,也是WTO对成员贸易政策进行监督的一个根本环节。本文介绍了WTO对我国进行贸易政策审议概况,并针对性地提出了我国应对审议的策略。     

略论WTO贸易政策审议机制及我国的对策

贸易政策审议机制是世界贸易组织在总结关贸总协定４０多年的经验教训的基础上，为更好地实施ＷＴＯ协定，促进多边贸易体制更加平稳地运作而进行的一次积极的尝试。本文分析了这一机制建立的背景、主要内容及运作特点。最后，作者提出了我国在加入世贸组织后，对这一机制应采取的策略     

WTO贸易政策审议机制的作用及中国的应对选择

在WTO现行体制中,通过贸易政策审议机制(Trade Policy Review Mechanism,简称TPRM)监督和审议各成员的贸易政策是WTO的六大职能之一。根据《贸易政策审议机制》协议(即《建立WTO协定》附件3)的规定,建立TPRM的目的具有双重性：①促进所有成员更好地遵循根据多边贸易协议及适用的诸边贸易协议所制定的规则、纪律和承诺;②通过增加各成员贸易政策和实践的透明度以及达成对各成员贸易政策和实践的谅解来发挥多边贸易体制的作用。换言之．TPRM试图通过经常性地监督     

中国将接受WTO首次贸易政策审议

来自商务部世贸司的消息，世界贸易组织（WTO）2006年将对包括中国在内的18个成员（见附表）的贸易政策进行审议。其中对中国进行首次贸易政策审议的时间是今年4月4日-6日。     

WTO首次审议中国贸易政策

世界贸易组织4月19日开始对中国贸易政策进行入世以来的首次审议,商务部副部长易小准率领中国代表团出席了在日内瓦WTO总部举行的审议大会。易小准在发言中介绍中国加入世贸组织4年来的经济贸易发展情况时说,中国经济快速增长为世界各国提供了广阔市场,为投资者提供了巨大商机,     

Malaysian Trade Policy and the 2001 WTO Trade Policy Review

The purpose of this paper is two–fold; to examine developments in trade and investment policy regimes in Malaysia following the on–set of the financial crisis, using the Trade Policy Review Malaysia: 2001 of the WTO as a reference point; and to evaluate the Review in terms of the objectives of the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism as set out in the Marrakesh Agreement. It is found that, by and large Malaysia has managed to come out of the crisis without compromising on its long–standing commitment to maintaining a relatively open trade and investment policy regime by the regional standards. However, there are some disturbing post–crisis developments, which deserve scrutiny in a future Review. These include increase in the degree of dispersion of tariff rates because of high tariff peaks relating to a few product lines, increased reliance on non–automatic import licensing to regulate imports of a significant number of products which directly compete with domestic production by public sector enterprises, and unexplained delays in meeting commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)     

2018 WTO Trade Policy Review of Malaysia

This paper presents an academic analysis and review of the recently completed WTO Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Malaysia, 2018. This includes suggesting policies that can help to promote Malaysia's international competitiveness. We show that the sharp decline in commodity prices that started in 2014 contributed in narrowing Malaysia's trade balance and current account balance as a share of GDP. The faster decline of exports as a share of GDP compared to imports accounted for most of the substantial reduction. Further, the collapse of commodity prices was accompanied by a sharp depreciation of Ringgit Malaysia. We also show that Malaysia is losing international attractiveness in terms of FDI inflows relative to its economic size. This is evidenced by the downward trend in Malaysia's FDI performance index since 1992. Further, international tourism has fallen on average since 2014, due largely to a drop in tourist arrivals from Singapore. Policymakers should introduce policies to enhance international competitiveness, such as reforming the education system to produce skilled workers and reducing reliance on low‐skilled foreign workers.     

WTO对中国进行第2次贸易政策评审

WTO第2次中国贸易政策评审报告指出：中国出口制度较以往“更有节制”世界贸易组织（WTO）秘书处在今年5月21-23日举行了对中国的第2次贸易政策评审。该贸易政策评审报告指出，中国出口限制有加强的趋势。     

Demystify Protectionism: The WTO Trade Policy Review of Japan

This paper reviews the eighth Trade Policy Review (TPR) for Japan. It begins with an appreciation of its fair and well‐balanced work in updating knowledge on the progress of policy reform in Japan. The TPR confirms the recovery of the Japanese economy with some notable improvements in its policy environment, the example of which is competition policy. On the other hand, there still remain notable trade impediments, particularly in agriculture. Some agricultural products are still heavily protected by complicated border measures. This paper provides some supplementary information, namely that the domestic production of most of the heavily protected products, with the exception of rice, are highly concentrated geographically, suggesting the politico‐economic background. The rise of regionalism is mentioned as another topical issue in Japan though the characteristics and significance of free trade agreement networking by Japan are not fully discussed by the TPR. The TPR praises Japan's effort in providing the generalised system of preferences (GSP), but this paper offers a somewhat sceptical view of the role of GSP as a useful tool for developing countries. Overall, the TPR for Japan is assessed as a good starting point for dealing with the remaining issues on international commercial policies in Japan.