绥化市居民出游动机研究

根据绥化市居民出游动机调查问卷的结果,综合运用因子分析、均值与方差分析等定量方法进行研究,得出绥化市居民出游动机具有多样性、层次性、发展性的特点,出游动机主要包括享受自然风光、和家人朋友在一起、休闲度假、游览名胜古迹等等,同时出游动机也受到性别、年龄、职业、经济收入以及文化程度的影响。     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

地方政府官员行为动机因素研究——基于Grey-AHP-DEMATEL算法的分析

经济学的个体主义为解释地方政府的整体行为提供了适切视角。文章在专家灰数评价和专家AHP确权的基础上,运用DEMATEL分析法,以作为地方政府代理人的政府官员为对象,对其个体特征、行为活动和所处制度环境进行解剖,进而厘清地方政府官员的行为动机。研究成果:从内部心理倾向、外部激励和外部约束三个维度构建了我国地方政府官员行为动机因素评价指标体系;对Grey-AHP-DEMATEL算法识别出的关键因素、原因因素和结果因素进行分析,认为要想更大程度发挥地方政府效能,必须遵循对地方政府官员"强动力—强激励—强保障—强约束"的基本路径。     

二十世纪前半叶农业与生物类学会主办的学术期刊考略--以中央大学和金陵大学为主线

20世纪20年代以来,中国科学社的一批核心成员学成归国来到南京,他们以中央大学农学院(含其前身)和金陵大学农学院为中心,促成了清末农务学堂办学模式向现代农业科学教育模式的转型。这批农学家先后参与创办了民国时期10个农业与生物类学会,主办了50多种学术期刊,促进了现代农业与生物科学知识在中国的引进、传播、本土化和学术共同体建设,为改造中国传统农业作出了重要贡献。文章以中央大学农学院和金陵大学农学院为主线,对其师生参与创建的农业与生物类学会主办学术期刊的创立过程、主要负责人、关注主题、发展演变等历史事实进行了整理,为研究近现代中国高等农业教育的发展演变提供系统史料。     

农业机械私人投资的影响因素：基于省级层面数据的探讨

随着农村集体经济力量的弱化以及市场经济的发展,以农民为主的私人主体已经成为中国农业机械投资的主体,而且私人对农业机械投资的比重呈逐年上升趋势。但是,从省际数据来看,由于受经济和农业自然条件等因素的限制,私人对农业机械的投资存在着很大的差异。这表明,农业机械私人投资受到诸多因素的影响。本文采用计量方法来分析影响农业机械私人投资的因素。分析结果表明,农民土地经营规模、种植业生产的专业化程度、农户家庭经营性收入水平以及已有的农机动力存量等是影响农业机械私人投资的主要因素。     

福建省生态公益林碳汇经济效益影响因子研究

根据对福建省6个样本县进行样地调查及其农户访谈式问卷调查的资料,首先应用因子分析法对影响福建省生态公益林碳汇效益的主要因子进行分析,然后将碳汇效益与主要因子进行逐步多元回归分析。结果表明:坡度、林龄、树种、蓄积量、碳汇量、重置成本、降水量、碳汇价格是影响福建省生态公益林碳汇效益的主要因子;碳汇价格、蓄积量和重置成本对福建省生态公益林碳汇效益影响显著;碳汇价格、蓄积量与碳汇效益呈正相关,重置成本与碳汇效益呈负相关。     

甘肃省农业现代化水平评价及影响因素分析

农业现代化对于转变农业农村生产方式,提升农村经济发展具有重要意义.从甘肃省现代农业发展的实际情况出发,构建了农业现代化评价指标体系.文章所构建的指标体系包含了4个一级指标,12个二级指标.基于甘肃省2019年14个市(州)的统计数据,采用因子分析法对甘肃省农业现代化发展水平进行评价研究.研究发现,甘肃农业现代化发展进程...     

The Economics of Administering Import Quotas with Licenses-on-Demand in Agriculture

A Nash equilibrium is determined for licenses-on-demand import quotas where licenses are allocated on a prorated basis. Inefficiency is incurred because licenses are allocated to high-cost firms. The ability to overbid exacerbates the inefficiency due to proportionate reductions in licenses. Quota expansion causes high-cost firms to decrease their bids but reduces inefficiency. The entry of a new firm causes all incumbent firms to increase bids or bid the quota. Not penalizing firms for the non-use of licenses increases inefficiency. The inefficiency impacts of tariff reductions, license fees, limits per firm, and imperfect information are also addressed.     

中国农业农村发展七十年:成就、经验与展望——中国农业经济学会第十次会员代表大会暨2019年学术研讨会综述

<正>2019年是新中国成立70周年,是实施乡村振兴战略、全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年目标的关键之年。深入贯彻党的十八大、十九大精神和习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,全面总结新中国成立70年来农业农村取得的巨大成就,深刻分析成功经验,研判当前形势,探讨乡村振兴战略实施路径,将对推动农业农村现代化、推进乡村振兴战略实施具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。为此,中国农业经济学会第十次会员代表大会暨2019年学术研讨会,于2019年11月 15—1     

传统农业生产区农村居民点扩张动因分析——基于山东省平度市的农村调查分析

研究目的:探寻在中国城市化进程中农村人口规模逐渐下降,农村居民点总规模却呈现扩张态势的原因。研究方法:案例分析法,统计分析法。研究结果:农户规模及数量、农村公共基础设施、人口变动、人均农地变动等对农村居民点规模有显著影响;农民土地产权观、宅基地制度不完善是导致一户多宅、土地闲置的重要原因。研究结论:在科学规划引导下,通过建立退出补偿机制、市场调节机制、开发激励机制,促进农村宅基地合理有效利用。     

石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农产品中7种重金属含量

目的:建立石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农产品中铅、铬、镉、砷、铜、镍和锌7种重金属含量的方法。方法:以铋、铟、锗做内标,以胡萝卜、番茄、圆白菜、大葱、大米、玉米、苹果和葡萄为样品,采用石墨消解器前处理,浓硝酸作为消解介质,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定7种重金属含量。结果:在前处理条件下,7种重金属元素在浓度为0~2000μg·L^-1时标准曲线的相关系数均>0.999,检出限为0.0008~0.0500 mg·kg^-1,加标回收率为83.8%~109.2%,相对标准偏差为1.12%~7.98%。辽宁大米生物成分分析标准物质GBW10043、苹果生物成分分析标准物质GBW10019、大葱生物成分分析标准物质GBW10049这3种质控样测定结果均符合证书要求。结论:石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法方便快捷,试剂消耗少,灵敏度和准确度高,重复性好,自动化程度高,可用于大批量农产品重金属污染情况普查。     

欠发达地区农户土地整治满意度及其影响因素

为提高欠发达地区农户在农村土地整治中的满意度、完善其土地整治制度、提升其土地整治的综合效益,以广西为例,采用实证研究方法,通过大规模实地调查获取数据,运用Binary Logistic回归分析研究影响欠发达地区农户对于土地整治满意度的因素。结果表明:土地整治满意度受到多种因素的影响,包括被调查农户的性别和职务、农户家庭农业年收入变化、被调查地点的地理环境和土地整治后耕地流转情况。因此,政府应扩大欠发达地区土地整治的范围,并加大资金投入。同时要通过提高农户的参与度、发挥村干部的带头作用、完善农村的社会保障体系和耕地流转机制来提高农户的满意度。     

Contractual Relations in Agricultural Credit Markets: A Hedonic Pricing Approach with Application to Poland

We present a micro‐econometric analysis of agricultural credit market outcomes in Poland that investigates the relationship between contractual arrangements and interest rates. An innovative theoretical framework based on a hedonic market model is developed. We interpret the factors that influence interest rates as ‘quality’ components of the credit contract. Using unique data allows us to consider both nominal interest rates and additional bank fees. The results show that banks have preferences for particularly liquid types of collateral, whereas they care little about the purpose for which the loan is used. Furthermore, the analysis allows quantification of the effects of socioeconomic attributes of farmers, different lending sources and government subsidies on interest rates. The latter effect is small compared with the officially declared reduction of the nominal interest rate. A simulation shows that enabling more borrowers to use liquid forms of collateral implies lower rates than those obtained by participating in the subsidy programme.     

地勘单位可持续发展的内在保障因素分析

基于内在保障的视角,地勘单位要实现可持续发展,一把手起关键作用,应当以考核作为切入点,促使一把手切实重视可持续发展的能力建设;应当高度树立资本和能力积累意识,量变到质变;机制建设、制度和流程优化应持续努力;企业文化建设应高效管用;应当从高端性、结构性和递进性三个方面着力建设人才队伍。     

The Association of Natural,Social and Economic Factors with Bird Species Richness in Rural England

At a global level, increasing emphasis on sustainable development highlights the importance of maintaining and enhancing biodiversity. Within the European Union, agricultural reforms will have a considerable influence on the links between biodiversity, agriculture and rural communities over the next 10–20 years. An understanding of the associations between biodiversity and the rural economy is important for the development of policies to promote environmentally sustainable economic and social well‐being. However, investigations of this type are frequently hindered by the different ways in which data in the natural and social sciences are collected. In this paper, we develop an innovative approach to combine data using a common spatial unit. We illustrate the application of this approach by examining associations between bird species richness, environmental and socio‐economic variables. Our results show how the statistical relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors is strengthened and contextualised by prevailing socio‐economic conditions. This example highlights the additional insights that can be gained from such an integrative approach, especially in terms of the questions it raises about the inter‐relationships between the social, physical and ecological dynamics of rural environments.     

农民对农地保障功能的主观认知差异及影响因素分析——基于浙、赣、桂三省506份农户调查

研究目的:实证分析农民对农地保障功能的主观认知及区域差异,应用排序选择模型研究农地保障功能主观认知差异的影响因素,并提出相关政策建议。研究方法:描述统计分析,排序选择模型。研究结果:浙、赣、桂三省506份农户问卷中,64.2%的农户认为承包地对他们生活的总体作用并不大,但94.7%的农户同时认为种田虽然不赚钱,但可以为基本生活提供最后保障;浙、赣、桂三省农民在"承包地对他们生活总体作用"这一问题的主观认知上存在显著区域差异;影响农民对农地保障功能主观认知的因素主要有人均耕地面积、农地收入占家庭总收入比重、村庄离县城(城市)的交通距离以及区域宏观区位特征等。研究结论:要大力提高农户农业收入,切实保障农民土地权益;要推进农地流转与使用制度改革,实现土地要素的有效流转和适度集中;应充分认识农地保障功能存在区域差异这一现实背景,考虑不同农户主体自身禀赋和区域资源、经济和社会发展条件的差异性,因地制宜进行农地产权制度创新。     

Factors associated with landowner involvement in forest conservation programs in the U.S.: Implications for policy design and outreach

One-third of the forestland in the U.S. is owned by 10.4 million family forest owners. Their collective decisions have a great impact on the sustainability of forest landscape across the country. Public policies and programs for encouraging landowners to properly manage their land include cost-share, forest certification, and conservation easements. However, to date, less than 6% of the family forest owners have participated in a cost-share program, less than 1% have certified their land, and less than 2% have an easement. By analyzing data from USDA Forest Service's National Woodland Owner Survey, we examined the characteristics of family forest owners who had participated in these programs and identified strategies to capitalize on these landowner characteristics to improve current programs and attract a wider range of participants. We found that family forest owners with larger land holdings were more likely to participate in all three types of programs. Obtaining forest management information or advice was important for program participation; however, the effects differed depending on the types of programs and the sources of information. Income was not significant in predicting participation in cost-share programs, implying family forest owners from lower-income strata were not more likely to use cost-share program. The results also suggest the importance of targeting the right audience when promoting forest certification programs, namely those who are participants of cost-share programs, own forestland for reasons other than farming or ranching, and plan to harvest sawlogs or pulpwood in the future. Age was not significant in any of the empirical models. This result is particularly intriguing in the context of conservation easement, considering recent discussions about the high cost of dying unprepared and the potential for promoting conservation easement as part of estate planning among older family forest owners. Finally, few variables were significant in the model predicting landowner decision about donating or selling an easement, suggesting the easement decision is very different from cost-share and forest certification decisions and further efforts are needed to understand the dynamics of this increasingly popular conservation policy tool. In summary, this study provides a better understanding of the relationship between program participation and the demographics, attitudes and behaviors of family forest owners. This understanding contributes to the development of outreach strategies for improving landowner interest in forest conservation programs.     

Factors Influencing Organic and Fair Trade Coffee Growers Level of Engagement with Cooperatives: The Case of Coffee Farmers in Mexico

We study the factors influencing the percentage of organic and fair trade certified coffee sold through a cooperative by growers of five cooperatives in Mexico. The percentage of coffee sold through the cooperative was used as a proxy of growers’ engagement with a cooperative. Using factor analysis and a fractional probit regression, we evaluated the proposition that the level of engagement can be explained by transaction cost economics, social norms and connections, and farmer and farm business characteristics. We found that farm size, uncertainty regarding cooperative time of payment to the members and cooperative commitment on price to be paid negatively influence the level of engagement. In contrast, asset specificity, relational commitment, and price have a positive impact on engagement. Our results may help cooperatives and policy makers to build strategies aiming to increase this level of engagement. This is relevant because lower grower engagement has been found to be positively correlated with weak performing cooperatives.     

影响地勘单位事企分离的主要因素及应对措施

文章在阐述贵州省地矿局属地化以来 ,主动融入地方经济、积极参与市场竞争所取得的成就和存在的问题的基础上 ,分析了影响地勘单位事企分离的内、外部因素 ,结合实际提出了应对措施 ,并就具体操作方法作了进一步的探讨     

高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿受胁因子分析及其缓解对策探讨

以社区走访、现场察看、相关利益群体研讨会、保护区管理人员访谈和资料查阅、专家学者咨询相结合的方法,了解高黎贡山赧亢生境走廊带社区居民森林资源利用现状及威胁白眉长臂猿生存的因子。非法偷猎、草果种植、非木质林产品采集、森林砍伐、科学考察、车辆噪音和旅游活动等7项为干扰白眉长臂猿生存的因子。前4个因子对白眉长臂猿的干扰较为严重,所以重点分析了其因果链。据调查和专家咨询结果,对7个干扰因子的影响范围、严重性、不可逆转性赋值,计算它们的目标—威胁级别和综合威胁级别。除非法偷猎和草果种植的目标—威胁级别中等外,其余因子的均为低;而所有因子的综合威胁级别均为低。最后,从威胁因子因果链的源头治理和直接针对干扰因子的特殊处理2个方面讨论相应的缓解威胁因子的对策。