对强化我国商业银行社会责任的思考

如何切实加强我国银行业的"软实力"建设,把建设企业社会责任纳入发展战略已经成为当务之急。从国外企业的实践来看,履行社会责任对企业的积极影响要大于消极影响。尽管目前我国的商业银行在实践企业社会责任方面已取得了一些成效,但与发达国家金融机构的表现与成果相比仍存在诸多不足。本文介绍了目前国外银行履行社会责任的情况,阐述了我国商业银行承担社会责任的重要意义,通过对当前我国商业银行履行社会责任的现状及原因分析,就如何更好地推动我国商业银行全面履行社会责任提出了相关建议。     

论中国商业银行的企业社会责任

积极承担企业社会责任已经成为现代商业银行基本的价值观,是决定其在全球化经营中竞争胜败的重要因素之一。本文从商业银行的角度对承担社会责任的必要性、现实情况和未来发展趋势与路径进行了分析。     

我国商业银行社会责任体系的构建

随着企业社会责任理论研究和实践运作的推进,商业银行的社会责任问题成为社会的新热点.本文在分析了商业银行社会责任含义的基础上,论述了我国商业银行应当承担的主要社会责任,进而从其承担社会责任的内部动力机制和外部动力机制两个方面,探讨了相应对策.     

商业银行税负与社会责任关系:基于我国200家商业银行数据的实证研究

本文选取2009-2017年我国200家商业银行相关数据,分析其实际税负与社会责任承担之间的关系。研究发现,我国商业银行实际税负与其社会责任承担显著负相关。其中,履责的商业银行,其实际税负显著低于未履责的商业银行;履责质量高的商业银行,其实际税负亦相对较低。进一步研究发现,商业银行规模大小会显著减弱该负相关关系。鉴此,相关部门可结合社会责任制定税收政策,给予履责商业银行一定税收空间,商业银行亦需积极承担社会责任,在履责同时,降低税负。     

论商业银行的社会责任

商业银行的社会责任主要指商业银行对其利益相关者所承担的经济、法律、道德和慈善方面的责任.履行社会责任是现代商业银行成熟的标志,也是完善商业银行公司治理机制的重要举措.我国商业银行在履行社会责任方面与国外商业银行相比还有很大差距,主要体现在社会责任观念淡薄、相关管理目标缺乏、支持慈善事业力度不够、员工劳动保护措施不力、诚信竞争原则不足等方面.鉴于此,作者指出商业银行履行社会责任需要多重力量,需要政府和社会的推动、法律和制度的外部强制、舆论的监督和引导,更需要商业银行内部自律机制,以完善治理结构为契机,加强自我约束,使其符合企业社会责任规范.     

商业银行社会责任及其报告披露:问题与改进

商业银行履行社会责任有其经济理论与实践逻辑基础.与国外银行领先实践与企业社会责任评估标准相比较,我国商业银行履行社会责任并进行报告披露尚处于起始阶段.本文总结回顾了我国商业银行社会责任发展的历程及其报告披露概况,并就存在的问题有针对性地提出了六条具体改进策略:将履行社会责任嵌入到银行发展战略、治理架构、企业文化和业务流程之中,制定明确的社会责任目标和执行计划并加强评估,探索建立统一的企业社会责任指标评价体系与报告指南,适时引入并建立商业银行社会责任报告第三方独立鉴证制度,发挥政府积极作用促进商业银行更好地履行社会责任,谨防社会责任虚无主义和管理者机会主义错误倾向.     

试析我国商业银行履行社会责任的途径

商业银行作为特殊的企业,一直处于高度垄断的经营地位,垄断则意味着它能获取超额垄断的利润,从责、权、利对等的角度,商业银行理应积极承担社会责任,将部分垄断利润反哺社会,这样才能体现市场经济公平性的基本原则。但目前部分商业银行对企业社会责任有认识上的误区和操作上的不当,也存在社会责任缺失的问题。对此,本文简要归纳我国商业银行在社会责任方面存在的问题,并在此基础上提出履行社会责任途径,旨在更好地促进我国商业银行承担更多的社会责任。     

浅议商业银行的社会责任

商业银行是现代经济的核心,具有信用中介、金融服务和调节经济等职能,其行业特性要求其对环境和社会承担更多的责任,商业银行履行社会责任是一种必然趋势。我国商业银行在改革成长的过程,应当树立正确的社会责任意识,并兼顾多方利益,尽快健立和完善我国商业银行社会责任体系,以实现经营效益和社会效益最大化。本文对我国商业银行承担社会责任的现状与问题进行了分析,并对完善我国商业银行社会责任的提出了建议。     

商业银行践行社会责任的国际借鉴

可持续发展要求商业银行发挥和承担更多的社会责任,我国商业银行的企业社会责任实践刚刚起步,本文借鉴国际经验,阐述了赤道原则的产生和发展、我国商业银行接受赤道原则的必要性,并对我国商业银行社会责任的实施提出了具体的建议和对策.     

赤道原则与我国商业银行覆行社会责任研究

“赤道原则”是用以确定、评估和管理项目融资过程所涉及社会和环境风险的金融界指标。论文在介绍“赤道原则”的基础上根据利益相关者理论分析了银行履行社会责任的必要性。然后论文对商业银行承担社会责任的动机进行了分析,商业银行承担社会责任既有外部动机又有内部动机,外部动机主要来自于政府和监管者对其的法律约束,以及客户选择权对其经济利益实现的约束。对于商业银行承担社会责任的内部动机,论文引入管理者偏好模型对其进行了分析,有现代企业制度下管理者对企业有较大的决定权,企业承担社会责任的取决于管理者对承担社会责任和收益的衡量,不同管理者有不同的偏好,而企业有限的资源就成了承担社会责任的约束曲线,偏好曲线与约束曲线的交点决定了企业选择承担社会责任的数量。通过以上分析说明商业银行在承担社会责任方面利大于弊,我国商业银行应该履行社会责任。通过对商业银行承担社会责任的内外部动机分析,结合我国商业银行在履行社会责任方面的现状,本文提出了促进我国商业银行承担社会责任的建议。一方面,要加强商业银行社会责任相关的法律建设和完善社会主义市场经济体制,这样才能使银行受到充分的外部监督;另一方面,要完善商业银行自身的管理机制,完善的内部管理机制是内部动机作用的条件。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Multiple Dimensions of Accounting in the Development of GAAP

The phrase 'accepted accounting principles' underlying financial statements is a forerunner of today's accounting standards. Here, it is argued that history shows that the term 'principles' is often most vague in debates on the development of those standards. The reasons for and consequences of that vague use are varied and complex. This article provides insights not highlighted in earlier analyses of the periods reviewed. While debates like the rule- versus principle-based standards are set up as two-dimensional, the many dimensions of accounting often allow argument to be easily diverted. The debate/argument thus remains unresolved. For progress to be achieved in the establishment of accounting standards the many dimensions of accounting must be acknowledged and attempts to divert debate minimized. Those with a stake in the development of accounting standards need to consider the total scene of the related accounting. In a particular debate, dimensions under scrutiny must be stated, with any others in that total scene being acknowledged even if kept constant.     

Life Insurance Policies with Statistical Heterogeneous Population

In the paper we consider an endowment insurance contract with a twelve months maturation time. Using the majorization order and Schur-convex functions we derive upper and lower bounds of the premium, the death and survival benefits for a hetrogeneous population of insureds. The bounds are obtained for the exponential, Balducci, and linear approximations.     

＂Differences＂are the Biggest Obstacle

China has the greatest numbers of both teachers and students worldwide ,who teach and learn English. Therefore ,to analyze the obstacles of learning English for Chinese is necessary. This article gives the idea of differences between Chinese and English mainly in languages and cultures fields. Through these we can see clearly that ＂differences＂ are the biggest obstacle in language learning.     

Aims and Scope

正The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to investigate issues about accounting,finance,auditing and corporate governance in China.the Greater China region and other emerging markets.The Journal also publishes insightful commentaries about     

英美“新批评”文论的重新审视

新批评是一个在二十世纪影响重大的文学批评流派,它与形式主义、结构主义文论,一起支撑起文本批评的理论与实践基石。但历来人们对其评价都多少有些偏颇,本文力图更客观地审视其理论。本文也初步得出新批评与形式主义在理论根基上的相异之点。