Macroeconomic assessment of the regional labor markets in the European part of the Russian Arctic

The article analyzes the modern condition of the sector of employment and the labor market in the regions of the European part of the Russian Arctic. Major changes in the structure of the manpower resources formation and its distribution based on sectors of activity are studied. An inertial assessment of the medium-term dynamics of basic parameters of the regional labor markets is given.     

Employment and effective employment in the Russian economy

This article deals with the problems of measuring and forecasting employment and labor productivity in the Russian economy. A necessity of forming employment calculation indices, which would to a greater degree reflect the real labor costs by industry for 1991–2010, is discovered. A method of calculating alternative (conditional effective) employment is offered.     

Sociodemographic limitations of the sustainable development of Murmansk oblast

This article discusses the adequacy of human resources for the sustainable development of the territories of the Russian Arctic. By using the example of Murmansk oblast, the negative dynamics of the population and labor potential is shown, actual forecasts of the declining life expectancy are given, and reasons for the high mortality rate, especially among working-age people, are discussed. In conclusion, the need for priority measures to overcome the increasing migration outside the region and the development of the social and healthcare areas is given.     

Certain socioeconomic problems of development of the Arctic territories

The article discusses general problems of sustainable socioeconomic development on the foreign and Russian Arctic territories. We revealed examples of the Arctic territories where the best results in balanced socioeconomic development are achieved, i.e., Iceland, the northern provinces of Norway, and Sweden. The main challenges and risks for sustainable development of the Russian Arctic zone are indicated.     

Environmental changes and the economic growth in regions of the Russian Arctic

Forecasting environmental changes in the Russian Arctic is necessary to estimate their possible effect on oil and gas production and the technological impact of this production on the region’s ecological system. Research in this field will help efficiently and safely to develop new fields of the Arctic ocean shelf of the Russian Federation.     

Investment and innovative technological efficiency: Case study of the Arctic project

This paper explores the efficiency of investment and innovative technological activities pursued by regions that take part in the Arctic Development Program of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the use of specific methods and tools applied for assessing the effects generated by these activities taking into consideration the priority development of manufacturing and machine-building industries.     

ON THE MOTHER AND CHILD LABOR NEXUS UNDER CREDIT CONSTRAINTS: FINDINGS FROM RURAL INDIA

There is an emerging consensus that lack of credit is a major cause of child labor and inequality in the intrahousehold distribution of resources. At the same time, patterns in how children spend their time appear to be strongly influenced by maternal employment decisions. This paper includes an assessment of the effect of credit constraints on maternal employment and that of maternal employment on the intrahousehold allocation of labor, a nexus which has been left unexplored by existing studies. Three findings emerge: (1) a mother is more likely to work outside when a household lacks resources, and her domestic labor can be easily replaced by other members, (2) credit market accessibility is one of the major determinants of maternal labor, and (3) elder daughters assume a large part of the burden of maternal employment by providing domestic labor. Under binding credit constraints, results of this study support the collective as opposed to the unitary model of households.     

Organizational issues of expert review and evaluation of macroregional development projects in Russia

Abstract—This article identifies particular characteristics of expert appraisal of projects included in macroregional development programs. These features are determined by uniqueness of these administrative-territorial entities, which is exemplified by the Russian Arctic Zone. This article also analyzes the potential of organizing expert appraisals (first of all, government expert appraisals) in Russia for use when analyzing and assessing Arctic projects. The basic guidelines and provisions are substantiated with regard to organizing an expert appraisal of the project component of development projects for the Russian Arctic Zone and other Russian macroregions.     

我国经济发展水平与劳动力就业数量关系研究——兼论我国劳动力资源是否过剩

我国劳动力对经济发展而言，其生产率高于资本，因而经济发展对劳动力就业的促进作用逐渐减弱（经济增长的就业弹性逐渐变小）。据测算，我国2013年以前劳动力就业压力很大，2015年以后劳动力又会供不应求。所以，我国未来经济发展中，2014年前后应采用不同的产业结构调整策略来充分满足劳动力就业的要求。     

城乡劳动力市场一体化与就业结构优化研究综述

改革开放以来,我国城乡劳动力市场经历了一个从分割向统筹发展的渐进式一体化过程,就业结构也逐步得到调整和部分优化。城乡劳动力市场一体化和就业结构优化等问题成为不少学者近年来研究的热点。文章在阐述国外劳动力流动和就业理论的基础上,总结了当前学术界关于城乡劳动力市场一体化与就业结构优化的主要观点,并对二者之间的关系进行了相关研究综述。     

Assessment of Russian aviation development for long-term prospects with the regard for Arctic developing: reproductive and technological aspects

The article considers the conditions of developing the aviation industry for long-term prospects taking into account factors such as changes in purchasing aviation equipment, progress in developing the Russian aviation market, and works for reconstructing and modernizing transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. The author aims to coordinate the Government programs for developing new aviation equipment and equipment for air transport via the program of Arctic Exploration and Development, as it is necessary to integrate various cycle flows with regard to high-tech capital.     

陕西省就业结构变动趋势及调整

劳动力的三产就业结构提升对经济增长贡献很大,陕西省目前的就业结构严重滞后于产值结构,大量剩余劳动力滞留第一产业,而第二产业吸纳就业乏力,经按当前发展趋势用logistic模型预测的陕西省2020年的就业结构虽有改善,但仍达不到规划人均收入水平相匹配的高度,一产人口未能有效转移至二三产业,陕西省应该重视就业结构升级问题,通过组织引导转移、提高劳动力素质以及促进农业产业化等措施加大转移力度.     

关于就业协议适用劳动合同法的几点思考

自《劳动合同法》实施以来,由于就业协议与劳动合同的冲突使得毕业生的劳动权益受到很大的损害,其根本原因在于就业协议与劳动合同性质不同、内容有别,导致适用法律的不同。因此,改革就业协议就成了摆在我们面前一个必须解决的问题,但如何改革却并没有形成共识。笔者认为改革就业协议,最好的办法就是创造条件使就业协议适用劳动合同法。本文在全面分析就业协议存在的必要性及面临的主要问题、就业协议适用劳动合同法的必要性和可行性的基础上,提出了改革就业协议的具体建议。     

中国工业化进程与劳动力就业关系研究综述

工业化进程的加速推进与劳动力就业在一定程度上是存在矛盾的,国内外众多专家学者对这一问题也做了相应研究。文章分别从加速工业化进程对劳动力就业的抑制、促进和新型工业化与劳动力就业三方面对现有文献进行了梳理,并进行了评述,为进一步研究提供了理论基础和研究空间。今后进一步研究的方向主要是工业化进程与劳动力就业相互影响的内部机理,以为合理工业化路径选择和有效的劳动力就业模式提供理论支持。     

Outsourcing Noncore Activities of Industrial Enterprises in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

The growing competition and increasingly diversified structure of the world economy and consumption of various resources require the intensification of innovative industrial activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and enhancement of its management effectiveness. The paper has considered theoretical foundations for industrial service development. It has been shown that participation of small innovative businesses in industrial outsourcing can promote the introduction of innovative technologies and the corresponding equipment for industrial enterprises.     

The problems of labor supply and labor demand adjustment on the Russian labor market

This paper considers problems and specifics of labor demand and supply relations in the Russian labor market; it identifies and analyzes the underlying factors. It discusses the possibilities of inclusion in the analysis of structural characteristics of labor demand and supply and the dynamics of wages in the process of their conciliation in the Russian labor market, and it presents estimates of its basic parameters.     

去工业化对收入不平等的影响:机制分析与实证检验

基于126个国家1991-2017年的面板数据,考察了去工业化对收入不平等的影响。研究发现,去工业化会显著加剧收入不平等程度,这在发展中经济体尤为显著。从传导机制看,去工业化既可以通过劳动力就业转移直接影响收入不平等,也可通过非熟练劳动力就业和服务业部门就业分化间接影响收入不平等。一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力受到更大冲击,致使该部分劳动力失业,加剧收入不平等;另一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力的就业从工业的高薪部门转移至服务业的低薪部门,最终影响收入不平等。进一步研究发现,在可能存在"过早去工业化"的国家去工业化对收入不平等的作用更加明显。因此发展中经济体要着重预防由于去工业化可能带来的收入不平等程度恶化。     

INFORMALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL LABOR IN INDIA: EFFECTS OF LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES AND IMPORT COMPETITION

Since the 1980s, industrial labor in India has been increasingly informalized, manifested in a rising share of unorganized sector employment and the growing use of temporary and contract workers, and subcontracting in organized manufacturing. Using unit‐level data from the National Sample Survey employment–unemployment survey for 2004–5, the paper investigates econometrically whether labor market rigidities and import competition have been responsible for the informalization of industrial labor in India. The results of econometric models show that labor market reforms tend to increase the creation of regular jobs, while import competition tends to raise casual employment among workers with education levels above primary.     

信息化对我国就业的影响与对策研究

推进信息化是各国公认的促进经济增长的举措,但信息化对就业是一把“双刃剑”。本文分析了信息化对我国就业的影响,并提出了使信息化和就业协调发展的对策。我国二十多年来就业弹性系数一直下降,说明信息化时代的就业增补效应不足,应采取措施增强我国的就业增补效应。我国的就业产业结构符合配第-克拉克定理,信息业成为拉动我国就业的主要力量,人力资本对我国就业的重要性也日益凸显,应大力发展信息产业,并同时加强人力资本投资。     

Long-term development of the Russian economy and the problem of labour productivity

This paper analyzes the limitations imposed by the development of the Russian economy on human resources. The contribution of productivity to economic growth in recent years is determined. The key factors affecting the productivity of labor in the Russian economy are revealed. The possible dynamics of production in high-tech sectors under the impact of restrictions on labor resources is reviewed.