我国金融中介杠杆顺周期性比较研究

金融中介的高杠杆及其顺周期性是引发金融危机的重要因素,深入研究杠杆的顺周期对于优化监管、防范系统性金融风险以及稳定实体经济具有重大意义。本文以我国金融体系三大支柱——商业银行、证券公司和保险公司为研究对象,选用2010—2019年数据,运用面板数据回归方法对三者杠杆顺周期行为的存在性及影响因素进行研究,通过比较分析得出以下结论：一是我国金融中介存在杠杆顺周期行为,二是不同类型金融中介对杠杆顺周期的敏感程度存在差异,三是相同因素对不同类型金融中介杠杆顺周期的影响存在差异。最后结合分析结果,将三者对系统性金融风险的贡献进行排序,由大到小为：商业银行>证券公司>保险公司。     

金融周期条件下跨境资本流动时变效应及监测预警研究

本文将美元周期纳入中国金融周期测算指标体系进行测算和评价,并运用TVP-VAR模型分析金融周期不同阶段对我国跨境资本流动影响的时变性,同时构建跨境资本流动的监测预警模型。研究表明:(1)2005年1月至2019年4月中国金融发展呈现三个周期;(2)金融周期与跨境资本流动的顺周期性具有一致性,金融周期上行有利于跨境资本流入,而金融周期下行则可能引发跨境资本流出;(3)金融周期对跨境资本流动冲击呈现倒"U"特征,伴随金融周期指数的不断提升,跨境资本净流动先上升后下降,且三次金融周期对跨境资本流动的影响具有显著差异;(4)纳入金融周期后的监测预警指数对跨境资本流动具有较好的预测效果。为有效应对顺周期金融风险,需建立逆周期管理机制。     

中国金融部门杠杆周期分析——基于1998-2018年的数据证明

结合中国经济金融体系发展实践,以银行部门（其他存款性公司）总资产/实收资本作为代理指标分析中国金融部门杠杆率的周期性特征,并对周期形成原因进行探究,对我国金融部门杠杆周期与金融周期的顺周期性进行检验。结果显示：在观测期内,中国金融部门杠杆经历了多个短周期,短周期长度在9～16个季度（约2～4年）不等,并经历了至少1次中周期,中周期时间约为35个季度（约9年）;我国金融部门杠杆周期与国家金融监管政策密切相关;我国金融部门的杠杆周期与金融周期并不必然表现为顺周期性。因此,我国应当更加注重金融监管政策和信贷政策的配合协同,科学反映金融部门杠杆情况,维护金融稳定,防止发生系统性金融风险。     

从金融安全视角防控系统性金融风险研究

系统性金融风险的危害程度大及范围广,且传染性强,甚至会导致金融功能的丧失,由此波及整个实体经济领域。系统性金融风险是由金融机构的杠杆率过高、金融市场过度创新、金融市场信息不对称等因素所引起的,具有传染性、危害性、顺周期性等特征。金融安全事关国家发展大计,对系统性金融风险进行有效防控是我国必须长期坚持的工作。掌握金融不安全引起系统性金融风险的逻辑和客观规律,采取将防控系统性金融风险置于更加重要的地位、坚持党对防控系统性金融风险的领导、建立健全防控监管体系、强化金融监管的国际间交流与合作、激发实体经济活力等相关防控举措,对于确保国家金融体系的总体安全,有着十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

银行体系的顺周期性和系统性风险

金融系统的顺周期性所积聚的总体风险是系统性金融风险和金融不稳定的来源之一。银行体系的非核心债务与核心债务的比率能够反映金融周期的不同阶段和银行体系的风险承担情况。本文分析了银行体系非核心债务和短期债务的顺周期性以及二者与系统性风险之间的关系。研究结果表明，在经济繁荣时期，银行资产负债的快速增长伴随着非核心债务和短期债务...     

住宅金融周期性风险的政府干预化解:原理、机制与对策

住宅金融周期性风险是与宏观经济周期密切联系的一种系统风险.它对各国的金融乃至经济发展产生了极大的负面影响.本文从住宅金融链条涉及的三方主体对住宅金融周期性风险展开分析,研究了政府干预化解住宅金融风险的原理与机制,并在此基础上提出了政府干预的政策建议.     

银行信贷、资本监管双重顺周期性与逆周期金融监管

商业银行信贷和资本监管具有顺周期性.银行信贷顺周期性导致经济繁荣时期的贷款扩张和经济衰退时的贷款紧缩.<巴塞尔资本协议Ⅱ>下的资本监管约束,在经济衰退时会促使银行形成信贷萎缩效应,影响和制约货币政策有效性的发挥,次贷危机为<巴塞尔资本协议Ⅱ>下的银行风险管理和监管的创新带来了新的要求和挑战.要减轻顺周期的影响,增强金融...     

经济中的顺周期行为与宏观调控

经济系统中存在大量的正向反馈机制,使得系统对冲击的反应被显著放大,即顺周期性,并导致整个经济系统大起大落.本文在分析了经济主体的周期性特征后认为,减弱经济主体行为的顺周期程度,并建立一些负向反馈机制,这有助于增强宏观调控的有效性和系统运行的稳健性.     

宏观经济波动、金融监管要求与商业银行顺周期性

随着金融自由化和经济金融化进程的加速,金融与经济波动之间的关系也越来越显著,金融的顺周期性进一步加剧了经济的周期性波动。本文通过构建商业银行信贷行为的微观机制模型,运用系统GMM模型对我国70家商业银行2006～2015年的年度面板数据进行分析,实证研究了我国商业银行信贷投放的周期性问题以及顺周期性对宏观经济的影响,并在此基础上,提出加强对我国商业银行的逆周期宏观审慎调控的相关政策建议。     

银行业顺周期形成机理与逆周期监管工具研究

随着全球金融危机的爆发,银行业发展和监管面临严峻挑战.本文首先对金融系统顺周期性和银行逆周期监管的相关理论做了简单评述,重点分析了银行顺周期的形成机理,并在此基础上讨论了逆周期监管工具运用的基本原理、存在的缺陷以及在实际操作中面临的问题.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.