基于改进DEA模型的中国省域农产品物流效率测度

以大陆地区31个省、市、自治区为研究对象,使用改进的DEA-IDEA模型定量地测度我国2011年农产品物流效率水平,并对各省、市、自治区农产品物流效率差异产生原因进行分析。传统模型测量结果显示,2011年东部地区的技术效率水平高于中部地区和西部地区,西部地区的技术效率水平在三大地区中最低。使用改进后DEA模型(IDEA模型)后,东部地区的技术效率水平与中部、西部地区的差距进一步扩大;而西部地区与中部地区的技术效率水平差异却有所减少。除西部地区部分省份外,全国大部分区域已不适合继续扩大农产品物流规模。同时发现农产品物流业从业人数和农产品物流总额是影响农产品物流技术效率水平的主要因素。     

基于超效率SBM模型的中国区域全要素能源效率评价

建立了基于DEA模型的全要素能源效率评价指标体系,运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型,对我国30个省(直辖市、自治区)2007—2016年的能源效率进行了测度,将测度结果按照东部、中部、西部三个区域进行了时空差异分析,并对各区域的全要素能源效率变化趋势进行收敛性检验。结果显示:2007—2016年我国全要素能源效率整体呈现下降趋势,从三个区域的对比研究可以看出,我国区域能源效率存在明显差异,具体表现为东部能源效率最高、中部次之、西部最差,与我国区域经济发展水平的梯度相一致。通过收敛性检验可以看出2007—2016年,我国全要素能源效率呈发散趋势,即地区之间的差距在逐渐增大。     

我国区域创新效率的差异及收敛性研究——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

区域创新效率是影响区域创新能力的关键所在。以2000-2009年30个省(区、市)的面板数据为样本,对我国区域创新效率进行测度,并对创新效率的收敛性进行实证研究。结果显示:(1)考察期内我国区域创新效率波动性较大,各地区创新效率整体处于较低的水平,存在较大提升空间;(2)东部地区在三大地区中期初、期末的创新效率值最高,其次为西部和中部地区,三大地区之间的创新效率差距有所扩大;(3)全国总体及西部地区在创新效率存在收敛趋势,而东部和中部地区的创新效率收敛趋势并不显著。     

区域高技术产业动态R＆D效率及其收敛性研究

本文基于各省市高技术产业2003—2011年相关数据,对高技术产业R＆D效率及收敛性进行了检验。结果表明：各省市R＆D效率整体趋于上升阶段,R＆D效率增长由技术效率和技术进步共同推动;东部地区R＆D效率偏低,而中西部R＆D效率较高。中部地区高技术产业R＆D效率整体上存在收敛趋势,在一定时期内R＆D效率趋于稳态;全国和西部内部R＆D效率差距正在扩大,而东部内部R＆D效率差距较小,表明我国地区差异明显且发展不平衡。     

数字经济发展对中国绿色经济效率的影响

基于2011～2019年中国30个省份的面板数据,全面考察数字经济发展对中国绿色经济效率的影响。结果显示：数字经济发展显著提升了中国绿色经济效率,且在东部、中部和西部地区存在异质性影响。其中,数字经济发展促进了东部地区绿色经济效率,而中部、西部地区经济绿色转型发展的潜力还需进一步释放。数字经济发展通过促进产业结构升级和技术创新提升中国绿色经济效率。鉴于此,应做好数字经济发展的顶层设计与理论研究,因地制宜实施差异化政策,构建以数字经济为引领的现代产业体系,扩大数字技术在传统领域中的创新应用,从而提升中国绿色经济效率。     

外商直接投资、地区差异与自主创新能力提升

本文利用2006—2015年中国30个省、市、自治区的面板数据,从经验层面检验了FDI对东、中、西部地区自主创新能力的效应以及人力资本水平在FDI发挥技术溢出效应过程中的作用。结果表明,FDI带来的技术外溢效应并不必然导致本土企业自主创新能力的提高,正向作用的发挥依赖于地区的人力资本水平。通过与人力资本相结合,FDI对中国东部地区自主创新能力的提高产生了显著的促进作用,但这种促进作用低于地区自身研发资本投入带来的作用效果;对中部地区自主创新能力的提高亦有着显著的促进作用,且促进作用强于东部和西部地区。受制于地区人力资本水平,FDI只对西部地区企业的二次创新能力产生显著作用。     

我国区域生均义务教育经费差异对较研究——基于2005年与2011年数据分析

通过对比分析2005年与2011年我国普通小学和普通初中的生均教育经费支出情况,可以得出:我国区域生均教育经费支出结构虽有一定程度的调整,但无论是生均经费水平还是区域内差异的“东高、中低、西平”情况并没有得到根本改善,且东部、中部和西部的义务教育阶段生均经费差异仍在扩大;中部地区的义务教育均衡问题不够明显,但是基础较为薄弱、增速较慢是制约中部义务教育长足发展的瓶颈.     

人民币实际有效汇率与中国进出口贸易地区分布动态面板数据模型分析

文章基于1985年～2006年中国31省、市自治区数据,建立动态面板数据模型考察了人民币实际有效汇率等变量影响地区进出口贸易的动态效应和地区差异。结果表明,人民币实际有效汇率对不同地区影响差异显著,出口方面,西部地区受汇率影响最为显著,人民币实际有效汇率升值1%,东部地区出口下降0.51%,而西部地区下降1.36%;进口方面,中部地区受汇率影响最为显著,人民币实际有效汇率升值1%,西部地区进口下降0.56%,而中部地区进口下降1.65%。     

集聚是否影响了中国城市发展的效率——基于262个地级市的SBM-DEA分析

利用2003—2010年间262个地级及以上城市的投入产出数据,分析了中国城市的发展效率,研究发现东部地区的城市效率最高,中部地区的城市效率次之,西部地区的城市效率最低。在考虑了非合意产出之后,中国的城市效率在原有的基础上有所降低,其中东部和中部下降较为明显,而西部则有小幅度上升。以此为基础,通过动态面板的Tobit模型分析集聚因素对城市效率的影响,总的说来,集聚对城市的效率是有着正的影响,但是集聚效应主要体现在东部和大城市,且具有更高的效率。因此,今后中国的城市化进程依然主要是大城市发展和东部城市化过程,需要通过进一步发挥大城市与东部城市的集聚效应,促进城市体系的协调与中西部城市的发展。     

西部经济版图再认识

一、小西部、大西部与西部大开发第一阶梯改革开放后,国家把我国划分为东、中、西三大地带,实行梯度推移战略。当时的西部由西北地区的陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆和西南地区的重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等10个省、市、自治区组成,权称"小西部"。西部大开发后,国家把中部的内蒙古和东部的广西两个自治区纳入西部,使西部扩大为12个省、市、自治区,其面积占整个国土面积近70%,堪称"大西部"。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。