"帕累托效率原理"与构建和谐社会

文章通过对帕累托改进原理内在逻辑的分析,结合中国经济改革实践的讨论,在肯定阿马蒂亚·森对帕累托最优原理适用于"从地狱到天堂"的质疑具有合理性的同时,认为帕累托改进原理具有巨大的普适性,"从地狱到天堂"的景象应通过,也可以通过帕累托改进而加以避免.在此基础上,文章还就中国经济改革如何调整帕累托改进的选择方向,努力实现社会和谐,提出了若干政策建议.     

彩票市场的均衡分析

本文以上海彩票市场为例从供给和需求两个方面分析了彩票市场的均衡。彩票市场的供给曲线取决于彩票游戏规则的设计，彩票市场的需求曲线取决于人们购买彩票所得到的乐趣以及这种乐趣的有效价格，彩票市场的均衡是由这两个方面的因素共同决定的。最后本文还根据彩票市场的均衡分析对完善彩票市场、实现彩票销售收入最大化提出了均衡分析的几点政策含义。     

电子商务市场价格离散度的收敛分析

本文运用信息不对称理论和随机鞅理论分别从基于可得信息集和完全信息集这两个角度深入地探讨了资本市场的信息有效性与资源配置最优性和次优性。在理性预期和交易成本为零的假定下,其基本结论有四:一是资本市场(条件)有效等价于事后帕累托最优,资本市场完全有效等价于事前帕累托最优;二是资本市场事后帕累托最优的充要条件是信息强对称;三是资本市场事前帕累托最优的充要条件是信息强对称和信息强完全;四是不满足信息强对称的资本市场一般只能实现事后帕累托次优,而不同时满足信息强对称和信息强完全的资本市场一般只能实现事前帕累托次优。最后,根据上述观点提出了实现资本市场完全有效或事前帕累托最优的对策建议。     

我国无纸化彩票市场分析及对策研究

无纸化彩票是近年来我国新推出的一种彩票形式,不仅方便了彩民,也节约了社会成本,但自上市以来销售情况却比较差。为什么诸多优势具备的彩票形式却难以带动市场呢?本文通过大量的调查,试图分析其市场困境存在的原因,并有针对性的提出相应的解决对策,以期对我国的无纸化彩票市场发展起到一定的借鉴和推动作用。     

我国彩票市场的营销问题与对策

彩票市场在我国有极大的拓展空间，通过对我国彩票营销现状的分析，找出影响彩票市场发展的关键问题，提出增加彩票种类、提高奖金额度、增加价格促销、强化公益性形象等促进彩票市场发展的营销策略。     

我国无纸化彩票市场分析及对策研究

无纸化彩票是近年来我国新推出的一种彩票形式,不仅方便了彩民,也节约了社会成本,但自上市以来销售情况却比较差.为什么诸多优势具备的彩票形式却难以带动市场呢?本文通过大量的调查,试图分析其市场困境存在的原因,并有针对性的提出相应的解决对策,以期对我国的无纸化彩票市场发展起到一定的借鉴和推动作用.     

我国水资源产权交易探讨

根据产权理论,产权即财产权利的初始界定,是资源得到有效配置的前提条件。由于水资源的特殊性,水资源产权界定以及水资源产权交易一直是我国立法方面的盲点,相关法律的缺位使水资源市场配置无法可依。在普遍缺水的今天,加强水资源产权立法以促进水资源合理利用,是解决当前水资源日益短缺状况的一个可行思路。     

信息揭示与资本市场效率—信息有效与配置有效

本文运用信息不对称理论和随机鞅理论分别从基于可得信息集和完全信息集这两个角度深入地探讨了资本市场的信息有效性与资源配置最优性和次优性。在理性预期和交易成本为零的假定下,其基本结论有四：一是资本市场（条件）有效等价于事后帕累托最优,资本市场完全有效等价于事前帕累托最优;二是资本市场事后帕累托最优的充要条件是信息强对称;三是资本市场事前帕累托最优的充要条件是信息强对称和信息强完全;四是不满足信息强对称的资本市场一般只能实现事后帕累托次优,而不同时满足信息强对称和信息强完全的资本市场一般只能实现事前帕累托次优。最后,根据上述观点提出了实现资本市场完全有效或事前帕累托最优的对策建议。     

中国"彩票经济"发展的理性思考

近年来，随着彩票市场的繁荣，“彩票经济”应运而生，并迅速成为我国经济生活中新的热点。“彩票经济”的发展的确对我国社会、经济产生了积极的影响，但它也带来了一些负面效应。并且，我国彩票市场的发展尚处于初级阶段，在市场繁荣的背后还存在许多深层次问题亟需解决。鉴于些，本文分析了“彩票经济”的内涵、购买者效应及其对我国社会与经济的影响等深层次问题，并就如何促进我国“彩票经济”健康发展提出了政策建议。     

绿色营销导入的"囚徒困境"与对策

绿色营销的出现说明企业营销正步入集企业责任与社会责任为一体的理性化发展阶段,是可持续发展战略在企业界的体现.然而,绿色营销的实施不可避免地造成企业经济利益的"外部化",文章以绿色营销导入过程中政府和企业的不同策略选择为切入点,基于完全信息静态博弈模型的构建,分析两者在博弈中产生的"囚徒困境",借鉴埃奇渥斯盒状图工具实现帕累托改进的方法,分析如何解决这种困境,并提出相应的对策.     

台湾公益彩券盈余配额公平性之探讨

本研究收集台湾省2007年1月至2009年5月公益彩券营业报告数据，运用Excel软件内键函数追行统计分析，研究主轴是要探讨各县市获得彩券盈余补助款的公平性．研究结果发现各县市民聚“购买彩券总金额”与“分得盈余补助总金额”两者仅部分相关，但是民泉“平均购买彩券金额”与“平均获得盈余补助金额”两者呈现不相关，换言之多购买彩券县市的民众未必能多获得补助款，彩券计算公式权数不公允，致使同为台湾省国民却有不同之公益补助款。公益补助款关系着地方民众生活质量，以租税公平角度而言，享有基本额度补助款是每位国民都可提出的正当要求，但依据本研究分析结果，发现差距颇大，其中以彰化县民众最为吃亏，综合研究结果，本研究建议公益彩券计算公式有必要进一步修正与改追。     

On the Validity of the Random Lottery Incentive System

The random lottery incentive system is widely used in experimental economics to motivate subjects. This paper investigates its validity. It reports three experiments which compare responses given to decision tasks which are embedded in random lottery designs with responses in single choice designs in which each subject faces just one task for real. The experiments were designed to detect cross-task contamination effects in the random lottery treatment. No significant differences between treatments, and no significant contamination effects, were found. Over the three experiments, observed differences between the treatments are adequately explained as sampling variation.     

Reducing ambiguity in lotteries: evidence from a field experiment

Ambiguity about the chances of winning represents a key aspect in lotteries. By means of a controlled field experiment, we exogenously vary the degree of ambiguity about the winning chances of lotteries organized to incentivize the contribution for a public good. In one treatment, people have been simply informed about the maximum number of potential participants (i.e. the number of lottery tickets released). In a second treatment, this information has been omitted as in all traditional lotteries. Our general finding shows that simply reducing the degree of ambiguity of the lottery leads to a sizable and significant increase (67%) in the participation rate. This result is robust to alternative prize configurations.     

英国彩票基金支持创新的模式值得借鉴

英国政府通过发行彩票设立专门的基金来支持本国的创新和创业,取得显著成效。通过介绍英国科学、技术和艺术彩票基金Nesta的组织和管理方式,总结了其支持科学、技术和艺术领域内的创新和创意活动变为现实产品和服务的做法和经验。英国政府利用Nesta支持国内创新和创意发展的一些做法值得我国参考,如,利用社会资金实现政府目标,以多样化方式支持创新和创意活动,以人和成果转化为支持对象,以及建立专业化的支撑团队等。我国民间资本规模雄厚、科技人力资源丰富等说明我国已具备发行科技彩票的条件,建议借鉴英国Nesta的经验设立我国的科技彩票基金。     

Do people gamble more in good times? Evidence from 27 European countries

We provide evidence of a positive relationship between the intensity of gambling and economic growth in 27 European countries for 2005–2013. Our proxy for gambling is represented by government revenues from taxes on lotteries, betting and gambling. This variable is linked to GDP growth in a panel regression framework and pooled OLS. However, when we split our sample to account for the heterogeneity among European countries, we found that the positive ‘gambling – GDP growth’ relationship is driven extensively by the Central and Eastern European countries. It appears that people in these countries tend to gamble more when the economy is expanding.     

Equilibrium Prices When the Sunspot Variable Is Continuous

We analyze sunspot-equilibrium prices in nonconvex economies with perfect markets and a continuous sunspot variable. Our primary result is that every sunspot equilibrium allocation can be supported by prices that, when adjusted for probabilities, are constant across states. This result extends to the case of a finite number of equally-probable states under a nonsatiation condition, but does not extend to general discrete state spaces. We use our primary result to establish the equivalence of the set of sunspot equilibrium allocations based on a continuous sunspot variable and the set of lottery equilibrium allocations. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D51, D84, E32.     

Skewness preferences,asset prices and investor sentiment

Prior research has found that investors have strong preferences for stocks with positive skewness. These preferences have been shown to lead to price premiums and subsequent underperformance. This study extends this growing body of literature by testing whether the underperformance of stocks with positive skewness is driven by periods of high investor sentiment. The motivation for these tests is based on a broad literature in Psychology that an individual’s mood can directly affect the individual’s subjective probability assessments. In the framework of our tests, more optimism among investors may strengthen investors’ skewness preferences. The empirical results in this study support this idea as the underperformance of positively skewed stocks is shown to be primarily driven by periods of high investor sentiment.     

Optimal pricing of public lotteries and comparison of competing mechanisms

This article establishes optimal pricing rules for rationing indivisible units of rival and otherwise nonexcludable goods by lottery or a hybrid of a lottery and outright sale by posted price. Given the distributional objective of maximizing expected consumer surplus, the solutions to unconstrained and constrained versions of the pricing problem may be expressed in classic inverse elasticity form, with the lottery price appearing as an entry fee, user fee or a combination of the two. Numerical analysis of a rich class of private value distributions indicates that sizable gains in expected consumer surplus can be realized over competitive pricing and zero pricing.     

中国体育彩票市场消费者经济行为的心理研究

本文通过对体育彩票的现状和消费者经济行为的心理分析 ,深入探讨了影响体育彩票消费的重要心理动因和消费者在购买体育彩票的过程中经济行为特征 ,并对中国体育彩票发行和管理提出规范运作、扩大消费群体年龄结构、丰富玩法等满足消费者心理需求的建议 ,以促进和实现中国体育彩票市场持续、快速、稳定地发展。     

我国彩票销售收人的实证分析——基于省际面板数据

本文利用2002-2010年我国31个省市区面板数据,运用固定效应模型分析了我国各省彩票销售收入的影响因素,发现各省市区经济发展水平、生活水平、百万大奖的个数、彩票投注终端机的密度是影响彩票销售收入的主要因素。结论是：以济困、公益等为宗旨和理念的彩票业已经陷入一个悖论;现阶段开展赛马博彩是一个可行选择。