基于农村金融机构改革视角的农村小额贷款业务发展探索

农村小额贷款又称为微型金融是指有关机构根据农户的经济状况或信用程度等,在核定的额度和期限内向农户发放的贷款。其贷款通常是用于生产目的,具有小额度、短期、不需要担保或具有灵活多样的担保形式、利率水平低、贷款成员自我组织等特点。     

小额信贷的成功案例:宁夏盐池模式

宁夏盐池县小额信贷机构的设计理念是,贷给客户一笔信贷资金固然重要,而提升客户的自我发展能力和生活质量更重要。为此,他们开拓资金来源,采取科学的组织结构、可行的业务运行模式、符合实际的贷款替代性担保形式和借款人信用评价方式,合理确定贷款利率、额度和期限,把风险分担责任和监督制约机制贯穿于贷款投放回收的全过程,贷款回收率一直保持在99.99%以上,是小额信贷的成功范例。     

中国人民银行财政部 人力资源和社会保障部 关于进一步改进小额担保贷款管理积极推动创业促就业的通知

一、进一步完善小额担保贷款政策,创新小额担保贷款管理模式和服务方式 （一）允许小额担保贷款利率按规定实施上浮。自2008年1月1日起,小额担保贷款经办金融机构（以下简称经办金融机构）对个人新发放的小额担保贷款,其贷款利率可在中国人民银行公布的贷款基准利率的基础上上浮3个百分点。     

开发性金融破解国家助学贷款困局的机制研究——以国家助学贷款“河南模式”为例

<正>1999年6月,国务院办公厅转发中国人民银行、教育部、财政部制定的文件,决定在全国8个城市的普通高等学校中进行国家助学贷款制度试点。但由于助学贷款单笔金额小、成本高、风险大等原因,银行部门一开始就出现"惜贷"现象。尽管国务院办公厅随后又多次下发文件进行推动,但随着贷款风险逐步显现,2003年开始全国助学贷款基本陷入停顿状态。2004年6月,国务院办公厅出台了《关于进一步完善国家助学贷款工作的若干意见》(国办发[2004]51号),在经办银行招投标、风险补偿、贴息、还款期限等多方面进行改革,一定程度上推动了国家助学贷款工作的进展,但除中国银行获得中央部门所属高校     

推进国家助学贷款业务的策略

国家助学贷款,是由中央和省级政府共同推动的一种信用助学贷款,开展助学贷款业务是我国实施科技兴国战略、加速人才培养的重大政策.在我国信用制度尚不健全的情况下,要大力发展国家助学贷款必须对现有的贷款制度进一步改革和完善.由教育部、财政部、人民银行和银监会联合发布的<关于进一步完善国家助学贷款工作若干意见的通知>,从还贷年限、贴息方式、经办银行、还款约束方式等方面对助学贷款作了全面调整,笔者在此就如何促进国家助学贷款业务发展谈几点看法.     

农村小额信贷存在的问题与对策

发展农村经济,帮助农民脱离贫困,需要资金的支持.而小额信贷则是农村金融服务的一种模式,目前被视为这个领域的一种制度创新.小额信贷(microfinance)是指为低收入阶层包括贫困户提供的一种贷款和存款服务.其中,贷款一般只能用于生产而不用于消费,通常具有以下一些特征:小额度、短期、分期还款、不需担保或灵活多样的担保形式、市场利率水平、贷款成员的自我组织等等.存款,是建立在个人账户基础上的自愿储蓄及其交易.     

推进国家助学贷款业务的策略

国家助学贷款．是由中央和省级政府共同推动的一种信用助学贷款．开展助学贷款业务是我国实施科技兴国战略、加速人才培养的重大政策。在我国信用制度尚不健全的情况下．要大力发展国家助学贷款必须对现有的贷款制度进一步改革和完善。由教育部、财政部、人民银行和银监会联合发布的《关于进一步完善国家助学贷款工作若干意见的通知》。从还贷年限、贴息方式、经办银行、还款约束方式等方面对助学贷款作了全面调整．笔在此就如何促进国家助学贷款业务发展谈几点看法。     

生源地信用助学贷款中的博弈分析

助学贷款博弈中的组成要素经济学上,一个博弈通常由参与人、策略、支付、信息等要素构成,博弈的结果是使每个参与人通过策略的选择,得到各自的报酬,也就是取得一笔支付。在生源地信用助学贷款中,政府、银行、学校、贫困生组成博弈的参与人,其所代表的分别是公众、企业、事业单位、贷款人的利益。其中,贫闲生在校期间贷款利息由国家财政全额贴息,政府与学校共同承担风险补偿金,以此降低银行的坏账风险。作为信用型贷款,贫困生毋须向经办银行提供担保和抵押,贷款利率执行中国人民银行同期公布的同档次基准利率,     

知识贸易视角的高校助学贷款创新

我国高校助学贷款是一个涉及众多利益主体的复杂系统行为,实施过程中出现了多目标冲突下的困境.现代大学与助学贷款的特殊经济性质决定了高校助学贷款主要是知识贸易贷款,而金融产品的可分性使其业务主要是知识贸易金融合约,具有个人和社会双重知识型人力资本投融资性质,而且存在知识市场失灵的可能.助学贷款的成功发展既需要银行借助细分产品加强业务管理,参考知识周期确定还贷期限,依托信息优势拓展协同贷款,根据风险来源确定担保方式,同时也需要政府为平衡贷款利率实施差别财政补贴.高校助学贷款实质是基于知识贸易的教育金融工具和政策工具.     

信息对称条件下银行信贷决策模型分析

贷款利率则是现实经济生活中的一种利率形式,是银行让渡资金使用权所收取的相应撤酬,产生于借贷活动,来源于借款者的利润.影响贷款利率的因素主要有资金成本、贷款风险程度、贷款期限、贷款数额、借贷市场竞争程度等.其中,贷款利率与资金成本、贷款风险是正相关函数,即资金成本上升,贷款风险大,则贷款利率要高;贷款利率与贷款额度一般是负相关函数,额度大的贷款利率一般要低于额度小的贷款利率.     

商业银行助学贷款的风险形成与防范机制研究

助学贷款是我国高等教育的重要资助体系之一。商业银行经营助学贷款具有风险大、成本高和收益低的特点。本文阐述了助学贷款政策变迁过程中商业银行的风险变化,从五个方面分析了商业银行助学贷款的风险形成机制,进而提出构建和完善商业银行助学贷款的风险防范机制。     

The rise in student loan defaults

We examine the rise in student loan defaults in the Great Recession by linking administrative student loan data at the individual borrower level to student loan borrowers’ individual tax records. A Blinder-Oaxaca style decomposition shows that shifts in the composition of student loan borrowers and the massive collapse in home prices during the Great Recession can each account for approximately 30% of the rise in student loan defaults. Falling home prices affect student loan defaults by impairing individuals’ labor earnings, especially for low income jobs. By contrast, when comparing the default sensitivities of homeowners and renters, we find no evidence that falling home prices affect student loan defaults through a home equity-based liquidity channel. The Income Based Repayment (IBR) program introduced by the federal government in the wake of the Great Recession reduced both student loan defaults and their sensitivity to home price fluctuations, thus providing student loan borrowers with valuable insurance against negative shocks.     

The market for private student loans: an analysis of credit union exposure,risk, and returns

Beginning in 2011, credit unions in the United States have been required to report in their quarterly call reports their holdings of private student loans. Since this time, private student loans have been the fastest growing loan product among credit unions. The empirical results here indicate credit unions respond to external market forces and internal exposure to interest rate risk in their decision to hold private student loans. The effect of which, to date, has led to lower returns on their assets and no effect on overall risk. Credit unions looking to diversify their loan portfolio should do so with caution. Private student loans being in deferral reduce both delinquency and charge-off rates, which will rise over time with their seasoning and as interest rates rise.     

An investigation of the relationships among consumer satisfaction,loyalty, and market share in Kuwaiti loan services

This study investigates the relationships among customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and market share in nearly 700 users of Kuwaiti bank loan services. The authors show that the expected positive relationships of satisfaction with market share and of satisfaction with loyalty are not supported in this sector of the banking industry. As expected, however, customer loyalty is shown to be related to market share. It appears that, within this product market, loyalty is not derived from customer satisfaction, but rather is based on other factors such as, for example, price, special deals, or bank–customer relationships. Therefore, market share in Kuwaiti loan services is dependent on banks creating and maintaining a large and loyal customer base.     

我国助学贷款实施难的成因分析

我国实施助学贷款政策已有数年,但其效果不尽人意。通过理论和实证的分析,我们发现既有体制上的矛盾、也有机制上的缺陷、还有相关主体认识上的问题。这些构成了我国助学贷款实施难的主要原因。     

商业银行信用风险控制在助学贷款中的运用

实行助学贷款是发展教育的一项重要政策，但在实施的过程中却出现了“银行有钱贷不出”和“学生没钱贷不到”的尴尬局面，这引起了人们对这项政策的再思考。通过对产生这种现象的内在原因的分析和对银行和学生二者之间预期效用的比较分析，以及对银行和学生行为选择的分析，认为缺乏有效的抵押担保机制和良好的社会信用体系是导致这种现象的重要原因，最后从制度约束和道德约束两方面思考，减少信息不对称现象，增加学生不还贷成本，降低银行风险，不断完善助学贷款制度。     

房贷集中度管理 如何影响房地产与银行业?

过去十余年,房地产市场因上下游产业链条长,且横跨生产、消费、流通等领域,对经济增长发挥了拉动作用,但房地产资金与金融体系绑定较重,使其成为现阶段我国金融风险方面最大的"灰犀牛".2020年12月31日,央行、银保监会联合发布《关于建立银行业金融机构房地产贷款集中度管理制度的通知》,明确建立银行业金融机构房地产贷款集中度...     

Effective teaching,student engagement and student satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from business students' qualitative survey evaluations

We investigate the influence of unanticipated prolonged disruption on effective teaching, student engagement and student satisfaction during campus lockdown due to COVID-19. Qualitative comments provided by undergraduate business students in the university end-of-semester survey were analysed using a variety of methods, including sentiment analysis. Our findings indicate that effective teaching through the characteristics of the instructor, can lead to enhanced student engagement and higher levels of student satisfaction in an emergency remote teaching environment. Our findings highlight the critical role of the instructor in providing cognitive and affective support to students, along with clear communication, during times of substantial change.     

西方银行贷款定价理论评述

作为金融中介理论的重要组成部分，银行贷款定价理论围绕对银行行为的探讨而展开，已形成了较完整的理论体系。本文选择三种有代表性的银行贷款定价理论——基于市场结构的贷款定价、基于关系型贷款的定价和最前沿的基于风险的贷款定价理论进行介绍与评价，以期为我国银行贷款定价实践提供理论指导。     

Determinants and consequences of student satisfaction in Australian Universities: Evidence from QILT Surveys

We examine the determinants and consequences of student satisfaction, measured by satisfaction scores reported in the QILT surveys from 2012 to 2017. We find that university-level profitability determines overall student satisfaction, where a positive relationship exists between student satisfaction and university performance. This association is more pronounced for Group of Eight (Go8) universities and those with higher academic expenditure. These findings have important implications for higher education providers as the Australian Government is contemplating the use of QILT student satisfaction in allocating public funding for higher education.