采取有效措施 加强企业现金管理

采取有效措施加强企业现金管理黄玉艳一、当前企业现金管理存在的几个问题１、现金管理失控。主要原因，一是国家实行宏观调控政策，银行信贷规模受到控制，企业担心银行压缩贷款，从存款帐户扣收贷款，提取大额现金受控制，只好采用现金交易，贷款归行少。二是一些单位对...     

改革现行人民币银行结算账户管理制度的建议

（一）加强现金管理。推动使用“三票一卡”等票据的转账结算。一是大力宣传现金管理的必要性和重要性,使各金融机构认识到加强现金管理是新时期的一项重要工作。二是加大现金检查力度,考核落实对各金融机构现金管理的组织健全,内控制度完善、执行现金审核、报备、登记制度。严格控制大额提现和大额现金交易,严格大额现金登记备案制度和报告制度以及大额现金提取预约制度,对特剐大额现金交易实行强制转账结算制。     

基层央行履行社会反腐败职责的对策建议

（一）尽快出台新的现金管理法规,消除大额现金管理空白。国家应尽快出台符合市场经济机制和环境的现金管理条例及实施细则,进一步明确基层央行和金融机构的现金管理职责。健全完善大额现金管理制度及体系,加大监管力度,限制大额现金交易和消费,堵塞腐败分子利用现金进行违法违纪犯罪的漏洞。     

当前现金管理中存在的问题和对策

为了维护正常的金融秩序，打击和防范利用大额现金交易进行经济犯罪活动，规避金融风险，保护存款人的合法权益，促进银行转账结算业务的发展，人民银行不断加大对现金管理的力度，各金融机构现金管理意识正在逐步增强，现金管理工作也日趋规范，但在实际操作中仍然存在一些问题，笔者结合中国农业银行基层网点工作的经验，对现金管理的有些问题抛砖引玉，浅析看法。     

县域推广非现金结算的对策建议

一、应尽快制订与社会主义市场经济相适应的现金管理法规。加强现金的规范化管理在严防大额提现、严审大额转移、严查大额现金交易、严禁藏匿大额现金的同时，广泛推行单位和个人支票等非现金交易方式，普及信用卡和刷卡机，以实现大幅度地减少现金在社会上流通量的目的。     

海南省大额现金交易现状、原因与对策分析

大量的现金交易,尤其是大额现金交易不仅加大社会交易成本,而且增加洗钱等违法犯罪活动发生的几率,对反洗钱工作带来严峻的挑战。本文在笔者对海南省主要商业银行近3年的大额现金交易情况进行问卷调查的基础上,分析了目前海南省大额现金交易现状及其产生的原因,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

限制大额现金交易的非经济手段研究

当前我国的大额现金交易笔数和金额在不断提高,不仅加大了社会交易成本,也增加了社会犯罪几率.本文分析了运用非经济手段限制大额现金交易的现状,探讨了运用非经济手段限制大额现金交易的实施效果和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议,以便有效引导和疏导大额现金交易.     

现金管理工作中存在的问题及对策建议

现金管理是国务院授予人民银行职能之一。当前现金管理的任务和目标以控制现金发行总量、防止不合理现金投放的管理,逐步向规范收支、加强大额现金和可疑现金收支管理,防范和打击利用现金交易进行经济犯罪,规避和化解金融风险和深层次管理过渡。这对人民银行货币金银部门提出了新的更高的要求。如何进一步规范和加强现管工作,值得我们思考。一、现金管理中存在的主要问题(一)现金管理法律法规相对滞后,缺乏较强的约束力。我国现行的现金管理体制中最主要的管理办法是1 988年国务院颁布实施的《现金管理暂行条例》及人民银行制定的《现金管理…     

美国现金管理法律制度浅述

本文概要地分析了美国现金管理法律制度框架,介绍了美国目前规范现金存取和现金交易的相关法律制度,为完善我国现金管理法律法规提供了成熟市场国家的经验借鉴。     

关于反洗钱大额现金交易监测的思考——以昆明地区的试点监测为例

当前,全国大额现金交易监测试点工作已经期满半年多,客观上需要对监测试点进行总结分析,本文以昆明地区的试点监测为依据,分析我国大额现金交易试点监测制度,结合深圳等地的经验,探讨试点以来存在的问题与缺陷,从监测体系、监测与监管、思想观念、人才培养等方面提出对改进我国大额现金交易监测工作的相关建议。     

The Use of Electronic Funds Transfers to Capture the Effects of Cash Management Practices on the Demand for Demand Deposits: A Note

The rapidly increasing use of more sophisticated cash management practices is a factor influencing the demand for money that is not considered in standard models of money demand. Within the framework of an inventory theoretic model of money demand, this paper provides theoretical grounds for using the number of electronic funds transfers as an indication of increasing cash management sophistication. Specifically, the demand for demand deposits is determined from the solution of a simultaneous equation system that also determines the optimal level of cash management. Therefore, the level of cash management services influences transactions costs, implying that transactions costs are endogenous. The number of electronic funds transfers is closely linked to the level of cash management services and is therefore related to transactions costs. Models of money demand that treat transactions costs as exogenous and fixed are therefore misspecified and will not perform well when transactions costs are changing. By explicitly incorporating the changing nature of transactions costs through the use of electronic funds transfers, the problems of instability and poor predictive power associated with the demand for money in the 1970's are overcome.     

Hedging,speculation, and shareholder value

We document that gold mining firms have consistently realized economically significant cash flow gains from their derivatives transactions. We conclude that these cash flows have increased shareholder value since there is no evidence of an offsetting adjustment in firms’ systematic risk. This finding contradicts a central assumption in the risk management literature that derivatives transactions have zero net present value, and highlights an important motive for firms to use derivatives that the literature has hitherto ignored. Although we find considerable evidence of selective hedging in our sample, the cash flow gains from selective hedging appear to be small at best.     

WHAT MOTIVATES GOING PRIVATE?: AN ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN FIRMS

We investigate going private transactions in Australia between 1988 and 1991. Approximately ten percent of all takeovers during this period are instances of going private. In contrast to studies of similar transactions in the United States, we find no direct evidence to support a free cash flow explanation for going private, although going private is frequently preceded by the threat of a takeover offer. However, the free cash flow explanation for going private may not be applicable in Pacific Basin countries where exchange-traded investment activity is in relatively high growth sectors and foreign ownership accounts for a large part of those investment sectors where managerial abuse of free cash flow has been alleged.     

Spring-loading future performance when no one is looking? Earnings and cash flow management around acquisitions

We find evidence that performance—reflected in earnings and cash flows—is transferred from targets to acquirers around acquisitions. Using a sample of 2128 completed deals from 1985 to 2010, our results suggest that targets depress performance when investor attention declines once the deal parameters are set, and much of that performance understatement is transferred to boost post-acquisition acquirer performance. Evidence of variation across subsamples provides additional confirmation: transfers are more visible for large deals (with transfers large enough to be detected) and muted for pooling transactions (with lower incentives to transfer). We contribute to the earnings management literature by showing that earnings and cash flows are transferred not just within firms but also across firms, and to the mergers and acquisitions literature by documenting that performance is managed not only before but also after deals are announced.     

现金持有水平、投资者保护与关联交易

以沪深两市的非金融类上市公司为样本,考察现金持有水平、投资者与关联交易之间的关系,结果发现上市公司的现金持有水平与关联交易显著正相关,这意味着上市公司的现金持有水平越高,基于大股东掏空的关联交易侵占越多;在投资者保护较差的公司,现金持有水平与关联交易之间的正相关关系更强,这说明有效的投资者保护体系能够起到约束大股东通过关联交易从上市公司转移现金的作用。因此进一步引导和规范上市公司的现金分红,以及加强投资者保护的执法力度,是治理关联交易的有效选择。     

Determinants of the Method of Payment in Asset Sell‐Off Transactions

Using a sample of asset sell‐off transactions from January 1990 to April 2010, we find that the method of payment used in asset sell‐off transactions is associated with several characteristics cited in the acquisitions research that reflect cash constraints of the bidder. Specifically, bidders facing more stringent cash constraints are more likely to use equity when purchasing assets, while sellers subjected to cash constraints prefer cash when selling assets. Second, we find that the variation in method of payment among asset sell‐off transactions also is partially explained by variables representing asymmetric information. Third, we apply our model to an expanded sample that includes non‐U.S. sellers of assets and find that an equity payment is more likely when sellers are based in countries that have relatively high country risk (more government restrictions), weak shareholder rights, and a weak legal system. Thus, it appears that bidders prefer that sellers share in the risk of the transaction under these conditions.     

Cash holdings and the bargaining power of R&D-intensive targets

Prior literature suggests that R&D-intensive firms hold large amounts of cash due to financing constraints. This paper examines whether such firms could also use cash holdings as a strategic bargaining tool in M&A transactions. Using a large sample of takeover bids announced between 1980 and 2012, we demonstrate that cash holdings positively impact R&D-intensive targets’ takeover premiums and announcement-period abnormal returns. These effects disappear in non-R&D-intensive firms. Controlling for various endogeneity and financing concerns, we also find that R&D-intensive firms build up cash holdings in anticipation of becoming a takeover target. Further analysis indicates that in R&D-intensive firms, such cash holdings are valued highly by the market. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the strategic bargaining role of corporate cash holdings in the outcomes of acquisitions targeting R&D-intensive firms.     

A Direct Test of the Free Cash Flow Hypothesis: Evidence from Real Estate Transactions

This paper tests (Jensen The American Economic Review, 76, 323–329 1986) free cash flow hypothesis using data on real estate transactions. We find that firms with either higher free cash flow or higher cash reserve pay more fore real estate, which is consistent with the free cash flow hypothesis. We also find that the agency costs of free cash flow associated with real estate transactions are more severe when firms have lower Tobin’s Q. Furthermore, we find that among the commonly used corporate governance measures, only equity compensation is effective in mitigating the agency problem of free cash flow.     

Seasoned equity offerings and corporate financial management

We assume executives managing corporate financial policy consider the firm's current and target leverage, investment plans, anticipated cash flows, and consequences of alternative sequences of financing transactions, operating within efficient markets. Our analysis yields time-series and cross-sectional predictions for management of investment spending and leverage; use of maturity, priority, and convertibility covenants; and management of dividends, share repurchases, cash balances, and credit lines. Our evidence from 8608 SEOs covering 1970–2015 is consistent with implications of our theory, helps to resolve an array of issues in corporate finance, and offers a step toward a more unified analysis of rational corporate financial management.     

Substitution of Noncash Payment Instruments for Cash in Europe

The substitution of noncash (check, giro, credit and debit card) payments for cash transactions is of interest for monetary policy and for determining central banks' future seigniorage revenue. We develop a novel method for approximating the share of cash transactions using public information on currency stocks, noncash payments, and card payment technology for 10 European countries. We also provide a forecast of future cash use by country. The trend in cash substitution across countries is quite similar, but the countries themselves are at significantly different stages in this process. The spread of debit and credit card payments has been the key factor behind the substitution away from cash as the use of electronic cash is still in its infancy.