子女数量、有效劳动供给与国际直接投资流动

将生育子女数量引入三期世代交迭模型(OLG),并结合开放经济条件下的企业生产经营决策,研究了人口生育率对国际直接投资净流入的影响.理论分析表明,人口生育率对国际直接投资净流入存在劳动供给效应和储蓄效应,且劳动供给效应占主导.基于1990-2017年的国别面板数据实证检验表明,在短期,人口生育率提高会使一国国际直接投资净流入显著下降,人口生育率对婴幼儿保健体系较不完善国家的国际直接投资净流入的负向作用更大;在长期,较高的人口生育率意味着有更多的劳动供给,能有效促进一国在未来有更多的国际直接投资净流入.     

自由贸易协定能够促进我国企业的对外直接投资吗——基于跨国公司知识-资本模型的经验研究

文章基于跨国公司知识-资本模型并结合2003~2011年71个经济体的面板数据实证分析了自由贸易协定(FTA)、双边投资协定(BIA)对我国企业对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响。研究结果显示,FTA对OFDI具有负向抑制作用;针对不同经济体、不同年份,水平型FDI、垂直型FDI的相对强弱会存在差异,进而FTA的负向投资效应也会发生变化;同时,BIA对OFDI的影响并不显著。实证结果非常稳健,它不随实证模型、计量方法以及数据来源的变化而改变。     

对外直接投资对人民币实际汇率变动的影响

自汇率体制改革以来,人民币实际汇率呈快速升值趋势,与此同时,我国在对外开放的进程中,对外直接投资净流入快速增长,两者之间是否存在着一定的影响关系呢,尤其是对外直接投资是否会影响人民币实际汇率的变化及如何影响?本文在对外直接投资能使得名义汇率变动的结论基础上,采用1994—2014年世界89个国家的非平稳面板数据,通过两个回归模型实证分析了对外直接投资对人民币实际汇率的影响,得出,对外直接投资的净流入会通过名义汇率的变动使得人民币实际汇率的升值,在对人民币实际汇率的研究中,不能忽视对外直接投资对其带来的影响。     

外国直接投资对高新技术产业创新能力的影响

在“创新引领”发展战略的带动下,投资已成为促进我国创新发展的重要国际技术传导渠道。为研究外国直接投资对高技术产业的影响,采用2005—2021年东部十二个省市的面板数据进行实证分析,利用面板数据线性回归模型实证发现外国直接投资对高技术产业存在正向的线性关系,以金融实力为门槛值检验外国直接投资对高技术产业创新能力的影响,发现金融实力对外国直接投资单门槛效应和双门槛效应检验结果都显著,外国直接投资对高技术产业创新能力存在非线性关系,在金融实力达到一定门槛值时,外国直接投资对高技术产业创新能力的作用方向和程度会发生改变。     

产品内国际分工对中国劳动力收入份额的影响研究

文章从理论上研究了产品内国际分工对发展中国家劳动力收入份额的影响机制,并结合中国工业行业1995-2009年面板数据进行实证分析。结果结果表明,参与产品内国际分工对中国工业行业劳动力收入份额产生显著的负向影响,并且这种负向效应在资本密集度越高的行业越显著。另外,技术进步、外商直接投资增加、国有企业改革也是劳动力收入份额下降的重要原因,而在总量贸易方面,企业出口可以显著提高劳动力收入份额。     

能源相对价格、能耗技术差异与中国制造业对美国直接投资

本文从能源要素视角分析了中国对美国直接投资的影响因素及其机理,并进一步利用2002～2016年中国8个制造业对美国直接投资的面板数据,通过全面FGLS实证检验了中国制造业对美国直接投资的影响因素。实证检验时,根据行业能耗密度,将中国制造业分为高、低能耗水平制造业分别进行回归分析。实证结果发现:两国能源相对价格、能耗税赋差异在一定程度上抑制中国制造业,特别是高能耗制造业对美国的直接投资,两国能耗技术差异则对美国直接投资起促进作用。全样本与高、低能耗制造业子样本的其他控制变量的回归结果皆显示:两国经济体制差异、两国资本密度差距、中国制造业对美国出口水平均促进了中国制造业对美国直接投资,而美国市场规模则起抑制作用。     

人口老龄化与居民消费水平关系——基于省际面板数据的实证研究

本文基于引进老年抚养比的消费函数,选取省际面板数据,采用面板数据协整检验、面板数据因果检验对人口老龄化与居民消费水平进行实证研究。结果表明,我国人口老龄化对居民的消费水平具有抑制作用,当老年抚养比增加1%时,居民的消费率将下降0.485%;人口老龄化抑制中、西部地区的居民消费水平,促进东部地区居民消费水平;在长期,人口老龄化与居民消费水平存在单向的格兰杰因果关系;短期内,全国、中部和西部的人口老龄化是居民消费水平的格兰杰原因。     

金融开放度对跨境资本流动的影响——基于跨国数据的经验研究

为了研究金融开放度对跨境资本流动的影响作用,本文对110个国家或地区1981-2010年年度数据进行了回归分析。研究结果表明:当考虑金融开放度时,新古典经济理论预测与跨国资本流动的特征化事实是一致的,即资本开放的富裕国家存在资本净流出,而资本开放的贫穷国家存在资本净流入;并且,研究表明上述经验结果主要是由外国直接投资和证券组合投资推动的。     

人口老龄化、替代迁移与教育经费增长——基于全国数据的实证研究

基于我国31个省市自治区2002-2015年的面板数据,对人口老龄化、替代迁移和教育经费增长之间的关系进行实证研究。研究表明,老龄化与教育经费增长存在着显著的倒U形关系,表明在我国老龄化进程的初期,老龄化对人力资本投资(教育投资方面)起到了正向的影响,但随着我国老龄化程度的加深,人口老龄化开始抑制教育经费的增长。相反,替代迁移起到了与人口老龄化恰好相反的作用,与教育经费增长存在着显著的U形关系。     

基于中国FDI的空间计量分析

八十年代以来,随着国际直接投资(FDI)的迅速增长,很多学者便开始将研究的目光放在了国际直接投资上。但总体上说来大部分关于国际直接投资的实证文献主要是基于投资国和受资国的双边联系,而对第三方在这种关系中的作用和扮演的角色,没有进行相应的探讨。本文借用基于面板数据的空间计量模型方法,从地区之间的空间关系的视角考察了中国地区之间在国际直接投资上互相影响的模式,并分析了形成这种空间作用模式的原因。     

Sustainability, Epistemology, Ecocentric Business, and Marketing Strategy: Ideology, Reality, and Vision

This conceptual article examines the relationship between marketing and sustainability through the dual lenses of anthropocentric and ecocentric epistemology. Using the current anthropocentric epistemology and its associated dominant social paradigm, corporate ecological sustainability in commercial practice and business school research and teaching is difficult to achieve. However, adopting an ecocentric epistemology enables the development of an alternative business and marketing approach that places equal importance on nature, the planet, and ecological sustainability as the source of human and other species’ well-being, as well as the source of all products and services. This article examines ecocentric, transformational business, and marketing strategies epistemologically, conceptually and practically and thereby proposes six ecocentric, transformational, strategic marketing universal premises as part of a vision of and solution to current global un-sustainability. Finally, this article outlines several opportunities for management practice and further research.     

Rethinking managership,leadership, followership,and partnership

Organizations underperform, or fail, when members avoid partnering with managers—whether through subtle resistance, disagreement, protest, or walkout—to achieve common purpose. Managers should boost partnering not by affecting a pretense of leadership but through a nuanced balance of managerial authority and understanding of members’ points of view. The objective of this article is to sharpen attention on the concept of partnership with organization members and how it relates to some of the important previous literature. We also argue that some of the previous scholarly work contributes to misconceptions related to these concepts. Our work is forward-looking in that it is motivated by the dangerous societal and cultural differences evident in the world, differences that surround management’s decisions and that may induce an overuse of authority to quash disquiet. Using our experiences in both industry and academia, we argue that the crucial link between managers and members is leadership—not leadership thought of as directional and inspirational, but leadership as building a relationship toward common purpose through partnership. “Lead” and “leader” are sorely misused terms, and worse, substituting “leader” for “manager” is just plain wrong. We believe that managers become leaders only when followers agree to follow, not when the managers simply step forward energetically with direction. Managers are cheated by mistaken definitions. Reviewing past perspectives about what makes good leaders and managers, we rethink ways to enhance organizational harmony through a clearer understanding of managership, leadership, followership, and partnership. Only by thinking and acting as partners in common purpose can managers and members form the core of success in organizational endeavors.     

Trust,terrorism, and technology

The development of civilization implies an evolution of complex trust mechanisms which integrate the social system and form bonds which allow individuals to interact, even if they are strangers. Key elements of trust are predictability of consequences and an evaluation of consequences in terms of self-interest or values. Values, ethics, and norms enhance predictability. The terrorist introduces an unpredictable event which has negative consequences, thus destroying trust. However, terrorist-like situations occur in day-to-day activities. Technology itself makes the world more interdependent and less predictable. Furthermore, technological accidents and disasters, which are also unpredictable and negative, may prompt individuals to perceive technology as if it were a terrorist. Louis H. Bluhm is Associate Professor of Sociology at the Mississippi State University. He has written several articles which have been published in Rural Sociology, and with P. M. Shingi he has written a chapter in a book.     

Networks,firms, and trade

Fixed costs associated with learning about demand and setting up distribution networks are expected to be lower when there are more potential contacts in the destination market, suggesting a greater probability of market entry and larger export revenues. We match historically-determined emigration stocks with detailed firm-level data from Portugal to examine the effect of migrant networks on these export outcomes. We find that larger stocks of emigrants in a given destination increase export participation and intensity. In addition, we show that the former of these effects tends to be more pronounced among firms that are more likely to have close ties with the emigrants. These results are consistent with a multiple-destination version of the Melitz (2003) model featuring market-specific entry costs and idiosyncratic firm-destination demand shocks.