Labor Market Integration and Its Effect on Child Labor

This note demonstrates that when developing countries remove barriers to migration and integrate their labor markets, children may be driven out of schools and into informal or paid employment in the comparatively rich countries. In industrialized countries, the same mechanism might drive families into social security or government-subsidized jobs.     

国有企业的生产劳动是没有剥削的雇佣劳动

初级阶段社会主义国有企业的生产劳动是没有剥削的雇佣劳动.国企生产劳动者不是生产资料的主人,因此其劳动是雇佣劳动.作为国企资本所有者的国家以其资本收益用于扩大再生产等为包括国企生产劳动者在内的国民服务,因此没有剥削.国有生产资料不能满足全社会劳动者的劳动需要,这既是雇佣劳动存在的根源,也是社会主义经济关系的特征主要体现在宏观经济总体上的根源.     

新农村建设中的青年人力资源开发研究

大力开发农村青年人力资源,把沉重的人口负担转化为推动新农村建设的现实力量,具有重要的战略意义。农村青年人力资源开发虽然取得了较大进展,但仍面临着严峻的挑战。当前,要通过建立和完善农村青年人力资源管理体系、大力发展农村基础教育和职业教育、加快农村青年剩余劳动力的就业转移、充分发挥共青团组织的重要作用、尽快出台切实可行的具体措施来促进农村青年人力资源的有效开发。     

Child Labor in Carpet Weaving: Impact of Social Labeling in India and Nepal

Does the labeling of tradable products like carpets which have been produced without child labor increase the welfare of children and their families? This paper presents results of surveys conducted in India and Nepal. The findings suggest a positive link between social labeling and the removal of child laborers for households above the subsistence level. However, for households below the subsistence level, no significant influence has been found.     

棉花期货与新疆棉产业发展问题研究

以往传统的仅依靠现货市场运营的单一运作模式是新疆棉产业历年难以走出困境的主要症结所在。如何利用棉花期货助推新疆棉产业转变发展方式,实现优势资源转换,是新疆棉产业亟待解决的重大问题。本文阐释了棉花期货助推新疆棉产业发展的作用,分析了2号棉（新疆棉）合约缺失、新疆棉花指定交割仓库缺位等制约新疆棉产业有效利用棉花期货的因素,提出了新疆棉产业利用棉花期货转变发展方式的组织模式及对策建议。     

The Determinants of Child Labour and Child Schooling in Ghana

This paper investigates the main determinants of child labourand child schooling in Ghana, with special reference to theirinteraction. The study provides evidence on the impact of povertyand quality of schooling on child labour hours, taking intoaccount their potential endogeneity. The exercise distinguishesbetween cluster poverty and household poverty in the two-stageHeckman estimation procedure. In addition, it relies on a setof non-common regressors to identify the child labour hoursregression from the selection equation. Other methodologicalfeatures include simultaneous equations estimation of childlabour, child schooling and poverty, taking into account theirjoint endogeneity. The empirical results contain some evidenceof sharp rural urban differences, thus, pointing to the needto adopt region specific policies in enhancing child welfare.However, rural, semi-urban and urban Ghana agree on the effectiverole that improved school attendance can play in curbing childlabour.     

Exploitation and Efficiency

Let us take any historical or contemporary economic society. Would economic efficiency become better if such society erects and enforces institutions that prohibit its members from the exploitation of excludable groups that can be defined by race, ethnicity, etc.? This question actually makes no sense. One must first identity the boundary of society, i.e., who make up the objective function. Irrespective of how one defines efficiency, one cannot assess the efficiency of institutions without determining who is covered and who is excluded. Efficiency judgments can make sense only when one defines the social boundary.     

中国城镇劳动力市场中劳动参与弹性研究

本文应用微观经济计量方法研究了中国城镇劳动力市场中女性和男性的劳动参与弹性,结果表明:女性劳动供给工资弹性明显大于男性劳动供给工资弹性;随着家庭平均收入水平的提高,个体劳动参与的工资弹性和收入弹性均逐渐减小.因此,设计并实施积极的劳动力市场政策能够有效地促进低收入群体的劳动参与,有助于城镇贫困的削减和收入差距的缩小.     

中西部农村劳动力资源与“民工荒”问题研究

本项目以西部的四川省和中部的河南省这两个农村劳动力输出大省和人口大省为例,通过实际调查,分析了农村劳动力资源现状、供给变化及未来趋势,指出农村劳动力资源已发生根本变化,长期以来农村劳动力资源的“无限供给”将发生逆车,“民工荒”将是我国未来面临的长期基本国情。农村最大的增收渠道(进城务工)对农民增收的贡献将会越来越有限,中国低成本、廉价品、低利润主导的出口战略和发展战略也将面临挑战,我们需要新的农村政策、城市化政策、产业政策和社会发展政策。     

新疆企业用工需求与劳动力供给问题调查研究

发展是第一要务,是解决新疆一切问题的基础。中央新疆工作座谈会的召开,19个省市的大力支持,以及中央出台的一系列特殊优惠政策和措施,为新疆大建设、大开放、大发展提供了前所未有的历史机遇。疆内众多企业在此大环境下抓住有利时机,增加订单,扩大产能,千方百计加快发展。此时企业用工需求量也在大幅增加,出现了“招工难”、“用工荒”的社会现象,已影响到企业的生产经营和发展前景。本文立足新疆实际,采用问卷调查的方法,对当前企业用工和劳动力供给状况以及存在的问题开展调查研究,深刻剖析了企业劳动力供给与需求不匹配的原因和症结,并提出政策建议。