进城农民工社会保障的影响因素研究

缺乏明确的法律规定、不同制度模式之间难以互通互联及其自身的缺陷,是制约进城农民工参加社会保障的重要制度性因素;性别、城市工作年限、是否签订劳动合同、工资收入、所在城市等则是影响进城农民工参加社会保障的非制度性因素.从制度创新和强化执法等方面提出了政策建议.     

我国城市农民工就业歧视问题研究

就业歧视使农民工成为城市社会的制度性弱势群体。就业待遇公平关系到农民工能否逐渐走出弱势群体困境,向社会的中间阶层流动,关系到现代城市"纺锤形"的和谐社会结构形成。从就业机会、就业收入,就业权益以及社会保障等方面,来分析进城农民工的就业待遇公平性的现象和原因,并在此基础上提出相应解决对策。     

90后新型农民工社会保障问题研究

近年来,随着进城务工的90后农民工数量不断增长,该群体已逐渐成为城市农民工的主体。该群体以其不同于父辈的鲜明特点在城市谋求更好的发展,其社会保障问题已越来越多地得到关注。本文立足于我国现存的城乡二元结构这一社会背景,针对90后农民工这一特殊群体的社会保障现状,分析了其不同于老一代农民工的特点与该群体在政治、经济、文化和社交等方面的利益诉求。并重点探讨了现阶段农民工社会保障制度供给滞后的阻碍因素与根本原因,最后根据现有政策框架,给出建立过渡时期农民工社会保障制度的建议。     

浅析农民工的社会保障问题

近年来,进城就业打工的农民工队伍不断扩大,他们为城市发展做出了极其重要的贡献,然而由于种种原因,他们的生活还面临种种问题。如何搞好农民工的社会保障工作,保护这一越来越庞大的社会弱势群体,成为维护社会稳定和保证改革顺利进行的前提。本文主要介绍了农民工社会保障的现状、社会保障缺失的原因、建立农民工社会保障制度的对策。     

关于农村劳动力流动的政策问题分析——基于南京市进城农民工的调查

农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移成为中国经济发展中的一个重要现象。本文从通过介绍农村劳动力流动过程中国家政策的演进过程,并结合南京市进城农民工实际调查情况,深入分析影响农村劳动力流动的各种制度性因素,最后对政策制度提出思考。     

新型城镇化背景下农民工社会保障问题研究——以辽宁为例

辽宁城镇化建设进程加快,城镇化水平提高。新型城镇化背景下,失地农民不断增加,进城务工人员比重逐步增大。大批农民工涌向城市、前期农民工的老龄化问题突显,这也使农民工社会保障问题愈发成为社会关注的重点。城乡社会保障制度对接困难、用人企业对政策的扭曲、农民工参加社会保障的积极性不高以及社保基金运营效率低等问题,均在不同程度上加剧了政府财政支出的负担。完善社会保障体系自身的问题,解决执行过程中出现的漏洞,提高基金保值增值功能,不但可以减轻政府财政负担,还有利于推进城镇化建设,达到事半功倍的效果。     

农民工社会保障问题的对策选择

农民工是我国制度变迁和社会转型过程中出现的特殊社会群体,由于多种因素制约,农民工社会保障缺失现象十分严重,普遍存在着社会保障供给结构单一与需求结构多样性的矛盾、农民工收入水平低与社会保障高费率的矛盾、农民工高流动性与社会保障省际统筹的矛盾等诸多问题。要通过调整社会保障的供给结构、设计差别社会保障制度、促进社会保障省际转移等方式加以解决,最终形成城乡一体化的社会保障体系。     

我国农民工在城市的社会保障问题研究

随着城市化的推进和国际分工的专业化,进城务工的农民工数量急剧增加,很多农民工在城市的社会保障得不到应有的保护。本文首先概述了我国农民工的生存现状,然后从我国长期的二元社会经济结构造成的隔阂及农民工缺少权利代言人和权利申诉途径这两方面分析了我国农民工社会保障缺失的原因。最后从健全我国农民工工伤保险制度、健全我国统一的养老保险制度、加强对农民工职业技能的培训和出台政策保护农民工子女的义务教育问题几个部分对完善我国农民工社会保障制度的对策进行了探索,有利于在社会保障方面更好的保护农民工的合法权益。     

我国农民非农化的制度障碍分析

在我国社会转型过程中,多数农民必然是向非农转化,而当前现行的一些制度性因素影响和阻碍了这一进程。主要是户籍、就业、收入分配、教育、社会保障、土地管理、劳动力市场等诸多制度已经不适应社会发展要求。我国应在坚持以人为本的理念下,加快相关制度的改革步伐,健全完善相关的法律制度,依法保障农民工的合法权益;规范劳动力市场制度,保障农民工权力平等,从根本上激发农民工的创造活力,增加农民收入,扭转城乡居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势,促进城乡经济社会的协调发展。     

农民工社会保障制度建设的经济环境分析

农民工社会保障制度建立的关键是有良好的经济环境的支撑,而在目前现存的经济环境中既存在有利于农民工社会保障制度建设的因素,也存在不良的因素,影响制度的建设。本文分析了这些环境的各个方面,从国家财政、经济立法、确保农民工收入等方面,提出了对经济环境的优化,力求使得经过优化的经济环境能够为农民工社会保障制度的建立提供良好的基础。     

Corporate Community Involvement and Local Institutions: Two Case Studies From the Mining Industry in Tanzania

Corporate community involvement contributes capital or resources in various forms to a community. However, such involvement may also influence local institutions that determine how well these resources are used, that is, the extent to which they are used to promote the public good rather than being subject to private capture. For community involvement to have a beneficial effect on local development, corporations need to consider their impact on local institutions. Presented in this article are two case studies from Tanzania that illustrate how community involvement activities of two mining firms have resulted in misappropriation of and conflict over corporate community involvement funds. It is argued that corporations need an analytical approach that integrates a differentiated stakeholder approach with institutional theory to contribute to local development in poor communities.     

Law,politics and the governance of English and Scottish joint-stock companies, 1600–1850

This article examines the impact of law on corporate governance by means of a case study of joint-stock enterprise in England and Scotland before 1850. Based on a dataset of over 450 company constitutions together with qualitative information on governance practice, it finds little evidence to support the hypothesis that common-law regimes such as England were more supportive of economic growth than civil-law jurisdictions such as Scotland: indeed, levels of shareholder protection were slightly stronger in the civil-law zone. Other factors, such as local political institutions, played a bigger role in shaping organisational forms and business practice.     

基于审计全覆盖的政府审计购买社会服务研究

审计机关的资源不足严重制约着审计全覆盖的实现,政府审计利用社会审计的资源成为实现审计全覆盖的重要路径。文章对政府审计购买社会服务的必要性、可行性、存在的问题及原因进行分析,并为促进审计机关向社会购买审计服务提出相应对策。     

The roles of the private and public sectors in poverty reduction

There are two major actors involved in tackling the challenge of poverty: private businesses and government. Unfortunately, both actors have tended to view each other through the lens of negative stereotypes, and each actor (or its proponents) dismisses the contributions of the other player and minimises its role. Unusual compared to most past literature, Khare and Varman in their article 'Kafkaesque institutions at the base of the pyramid' in this journal in 2016 reject both the private and the public sectors. By contrast, in this article, I argue for an ideologically eclectic approach, and suggest appropriate roles for both business and government in poverty reduction. The private sector needs to focus on creating employment opportunities for the poor and the government should focus on providing basic public services to the poor.     

风险投资国际化影响因素研究综述

风险投资长期以来被视为是一项高度本土化的行为,但是近年来越来越多的风投机构开始走出国门进行远距离的跨境投资。这一现象引起了学者们的极大兴趣,许多学者开始致力于考察跨境风险投资的动因,即为什么本土化特征如此明显的风险资本开始热衷于进行跨越国境的远距离投资。尽管相关研究近几年才刚刚开始,但已迅速成为学术研究的热点。文章从国家环境因素、社会网络和风投机构主体因素三个层次,对风险投资国际化影响因素的最新文献进行了梳理和评述,并在此基础上对未来研究进行了展望。     

检验检疫技术机构分析研究

通过分析检验检疫技术机构在管理、技术能力和人才队伍等方面的现状,探讨检验检疫技术机构的发展方向,为检验检疫技术机构改革方案的制定提供可靠依据。     

Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks

Social media are, on the one hand, a highly beneficial environment for word-of-mouth (WOM) propagation of new ideas and products, and this has increasingly made them a focus of marketing communications. On the other hand, companies and their brands as well as politicians, governmental institutions, and celebrities have increasingly been facing the impact of negative online WOM and complaint behavior. In reaction to any questionable statement or activity, social media users can create huge waves of outrage within just a few hours. These so-called online firestorms pose new challenges for marketing communications. In this article, we group observations from recent online firestorms, identify related social and economic science theories, and derive generalized factors that form the basis for the proliferation of these dynamics. Furthermore, we discuss the consequences of online firestorms for marketing communications, and offer courses of action for marketers to navigate through crises of negative online WOM.     

试论中小企业信贷中的银行信贷基准问题

中小企业信贷融资难问题 ,其解决方法通常是以增设中小金融机构或为中小企业提供担保来增加中小企业的资金可获程度 ,即采用“资金可获型战略”。本文希望通过对银行建立以信用为核心的信贷基准的探讨 ,回归中小企业信贷融资基础 ,即逐步提高中小企业以信用为基础的融资可获程度 ,从而使中小企业融资战略转换为“信用可获型”。     

The international market selection of Chinese SMEs: How institutional influence overrides psychic distance

The purpose of this research is to contribute to the ongoing debate about whether psychic distance still plays a vital role in the internationalisation of SMEs from emerging markets. Drawing on the prior research which suggests the salient impact of institutional factors on internationalisation, we investigate the role of home country institutions in international market selection. Adopting a multi-case methodology, we collected semi-structured interview data from six small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in China. Our findings suggest that while psychic distance is still important in some circumstances, both formal institutions, such as government support, and informal institutions, such as business and political guanxi, enable Chinese SMEs to choose psychically distant markets. Our findings also indicate that informal institutions interact with formal institutions to further influence SMEs’ international market selection. This research contributes to SME internationalisation studies by revealing how formal and informal institutional factors override psychic distance in influencing international market selection.     

影响双语教师教学质量的因素与对策分析

在经济全球化的背景下,高校对国际型人才的培养任务越来越重,要求必须有更多的教师能够胜任双语教学任务。目前看,影响双语教师教学质量的因素即包括教师自身因素,也包括来自于学生、教材、学校等外部的因素。高校要提高双语教师教学质量,既要加强双语教师自身的专业素质和英语能力,也要加强制度建设,这是促进高校双语教学水平的重要因素。