农产品区域产业品牌伞策略探析

品牌伞策略强调伞品牌对伞下产品或品牌产生庇护和提携作用,农产品区域产业品牌伞策略,除了具有一般品牌伞的功能效用之外,区域和产业可以增强伞下农产品和品牌的可识别性,赋予农产品和品牌一些独特的质量特性,形成与竞争对手的差异性,从而影响农产品的消费者信任度和市场接受度,农产品生产者可以利用区域产业品牌伞策略解决农产品创牌难题。     

A Conceptualization of the Employee Branding Process

SUMMARY

We propose a conceptual model of the employee branding process in which the employee brand image is driven by the messages employees receive and the mechanisms within employees' psyches that enable them to make sense of those messages. The model identifies various sources through which messages are delivered and describes the contributions of those sources to the employee branding process. The psychological contract is identified as a perceptual mechanism central to the employee branding process. The model specifies the consequences of the employee branding process and describes a feedback loop through which managers can monitor the process.     

跨国零售集团在华采购给"中国制造"带来的机遇和挑战

本文认为,跨国零售集团是当今世界商品流通的主渠道,其在华采购能够带动我国产品进入全球市场,减少生产盲目性,更有效地宣传“中国制造”的品牌,减少出口环节,降低销售成本,提高经营管理水平,但同时在对供应商的选择、采购产品的要求、企业供货能力和配送能力以及供应商有关认证的要求上也提出了更高的要求,沟通不足成为制约采购力度的根本原因。文章提出,为促进跨国零售集团加大在华采购力度,应加强质量管理,提供完善服务,开发时尚新颖的产品,加快通过标准认证,熟悉跨国零售集团采购规则并与之建立战略联盟关系,借助和依托中间商进入跨国零售集团采购筐。     

Branding Strategies of Born Globals

Born global companies have now been studied for a decade. However, little has been written specifically about the challenges facing born globals in their branding endeavours. This research examines the branding strategies of 30 Finnish small and medium-sized born globals. The experience, qualities and global orientation of the founder and the top management team are found important for the success of the born globals in their branding achievements. A key argument is that business-to-business and business-to-consumer born globals differ as to their branding strategies and approaches. The analysis reveals a major imperative; branding strategies are dynamic and depend on the globalisation degree.     

Taiwanese Retailing: Market Analysis and Retail Branding Model Application

ABSTRACT

The Taiwanese retail market is in a highly competitive stage. In the past three decades, the Taiwan retail grocery market has experienced many developments and changes, and recently, has started to realize the importance of developing its own retail brand. Although the idea of retail branding is still new in Taiwan, the major hypermarket players have tried to build up their own brand image and create new own label products which differ from other competitors. This paper explores retail branding in the Taiwan hypermarket industry through macro/micro environment analysis and applying retail branding models to the Taiwanese retail market. The macro/micro environment analysis is undertaken by the two STEPs model and the retail branding model is created from Dawson's three levels model combined with previous studies and theories. The approach in this study involves literature reviews and secondary research in the field of the Taiwanese retail market. The outcome of this study is to highlight key issues that deserve further research.     

Internal Stakeholders' Claims on Branding a State University

Educational institutions, as part of the service sector, face unique challenges in developing and implementing an internal brand management (IBM) program. Internal stakeholders generally resist branding strategy. A case study of a public U.S. university describes the branding approach, which incorporated the multiple interests into an integrated strategy. The article contributes to our understanding of “doing branding” in the higher education sector and the unique role of IBM before, rather than after, a branding strategy has been developed.     

企业雇主品牌吸引力及其形成机理研究

在人力资源国际化的背景下,越来越多的企业意识到打造自身的雇主品牌对吸引和保有优秀的人才,获得持久竞争优势的重要性。通过尝试性地提出了雇主品牌吸引力的概念,即企业的雇主品牌吸引、激励和保留员工的能力和程度,结合内部营销理论和个人组织适配理论,探讨了雇主品牌吸引力的形成机理,并提出管理建议。     

Determinants of SME International Marketing Communications

ABSTRACT

This research article discusses the factors affecting international marketing communications in small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). International commitment and brand adaptation in overseas markets were found significantly influencing the effectiveness of international marketing communications. The results suggest that international marketers need to have resources input, such as human and financial, to drive international marketing communications. Brand adaptation also needs to be performed in order to achieve a better international marketing communications. There are two factors affecting international marketing communications suggesting international marketers of SMEs need to be concerned with both internal resource and external factors in international ventures.     

Exploring brand identity and entrepreneurship as drivers of small specialist retailer internationalisation: a German case study

While the comparatively sparse literature on small specialist retailing typically supports a proactive interpretation of the drivers of retail internationalisation, a more differentiated picture exists with regard to understanding the role of the brand construct in this process. The wider marketing literature recognises that brand identity, as well as brand image, can inform the process of internationalisation; yet, research focusing on small specialist retail internationalisation remains underdeveloped in this regard. Neither the notion of a multi-faceted brand concept nor its function as a strategic device in the internationalisation process has been analysed with sufficient depth. Furthermore, a better understanding of how and to what extent brand identity is interdependent upon the characteristics and activities of the entrepreneur is yet to emerge. This paper explores the construct of brand identity and its role within small specialist retail internationalisation, and the related influence of the entrepreneur on the internationalisation process. A case study approach is adopted, examining one German small specialist retailer. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with owner-managers and other senior management, an assessment of company documentation as well as participant observation, providing in-depth insights into distinctive internationalisation patterns. The study finds that a simple ‘either-or’ approach, in terms of characterising the retailer’s motivation to internationalisation as being either reactive or proactive, is inadequate in understanding this particular case. Whilst initial motivation was characterised as being reactive, the motivations underpinning further planned internationalisation are determined to be more proactive. More particularly, analysis reveals how brand identity is considered to play an important role in the internationalisation of the case study retailer, and highlights the numerous ways in which the characteristics and activities of the entrepreneurial owner-managers impact the firm’s internationalisation. This research contributes to retail and management research concerning SME internationalisation as well as to the retail branding literature.     

The employee brand: Is yours an all-star?

In this article, a typology is presented which will help organizations better reflect the brand image they desire. The assisting typology is based on the extent to which employees know and understand the organization's mission, values, and desired brand image, and the degree to which they perceive their psychological contracts with the organization as being honored. Organizations can be classified as all-stars, rookies, injured reserves, or strike-out kings, based on the characteristics of a preponderance of their employees. As categorized, rookie organizations cannot deliver the desired brand image because most of their employees lack the knowledge and understanding to do so. Injured reserve organizations, on the other hand, cannot achieve the same because firm employees perceive their psychological contracts with the organization as having been violated, which renders the individuals unwilling and unmotivated. For their part, strike-out king organizations share rookie and injured reserve organizations' worst characteristics. Finally, and conversely, all-star organizations consistently deliver the desired brand image to others because their employees are both able and motivated to do so. To help firms attain this highly desired status, specific guidelines are presented herein which may help organizations become “all-stars” in their own right.     

从国际营销视角探讨中国外贸出口型企业发展

文章通过国际贸易与国际营销的异同,指出中国外贸型企业应该转变传统的、被动的国际贸易观念,树立更富有主动性、创造性的国际营销观念;通过从产品导向转变为顾客需求导向、从价格导向转变为顾客成本导向、从通路导向转变为顾客便利导向以及从促销导向转变为与顾客沟通导向四个具体的观念转变,从而走出国际经济贸易分工中＂微笑曲线＂的最低点,使众多外贸出口型企业成为强大国际贸易实体.     

Status of Database Marketing in the Dutch Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry

Brand manufacturers in the fast moving consumer goods industry are under pressure. Due to increased retailer concentration, access to scanner technology, eroding brand loyalty, an increasing number of price promotions and increasing market share of private labels, power is more and more shifting towards retailers. DBM can be an alternative for brand manufacturers in building brands and gaining more knowledge about the customer. In this paper data of 91 Dutch brand manufacturers are used to find the factors that influence the adoption of database marketing (DBM). A distinction between tactical DBM and strategic DBM is made. Tactical DBM has a short-term focus and a transactional approach. Strategic DBM has a long term focus aiming at enhancing brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand associations. Our results show that DBM is relatively undeveloped in the Dutch FMCG-industry. 29% of all respondents adopted DBM. When it is used, it is mainly used tactically. It is also found that DBM adoption is influenced by top management support, the size of the brand portfolio and the adoption of DBM by a competitor.     

拓展国际市场的联合品牌策略:影响因素及实施过程研究

近年来,联合品牌已成为在世界范围内日益为企业所广泛采用的一种策略性营销工具。本文将联合品牌策略置于经济全球化背景之下,在论述联合品牌作用及其机制的基础上,分析联合品牌策略的影响因素,并对企业如何实施联合品牌策略以拓展国际市场进行了探讨。     

Seeking funding in order to sell: Crowdfunding as a marketing tool

Websites such as Indiegogo and Kickstarter have attracted much attention for their ability to enable organizations and individuals to raise funds from ordinary people who contribute for a number of reasons. This phenomenon is called crowdfunding. Crowdfunding permits organizations and individuals to obtain investments they otherwise might not receive from more traditional sources such as banks, angel investors, and stock markets. A number of now well-known startups had their origins in crowdfunding. More recently, established organizations have begun to use crowdfunding websites not only as a source of finance, but also as marketing platforms. In this way, they have been able to ensure a ready market for their new offerings, with full sales pipelines, and to use the platforms as vehicles to boost brand image and gain support for brand-related causes. This adaptation of crowdfunding for marketing purposes is not without its problems, however, and organizations would be well advised to consider not only the opportunities these platforms provide, but also their limitations and risks.     

The Export of High Value-Added Products:

This paper examines the factors and issues considered important by ports and carriers involved in higher value-added exports. Our survey reveals that low freight handling charges, equipment availability, and a lack of problems caused by labor regulations were considered especially important by exporters dealing with higher value-added products. These findings have important implications for the success of exporters of higher value-added products and public policy towards port and carrier operations.     

Environmental Risk and Foreign Equity Ownership in Joint Ventures in China

ABSTRACT

Environmental risk in a host country is a key issue that foreign firms must deal with when deciding how much equity ownership to acquire and how much control to have in an equity joint venture (EJV) in that country. This study examines the relationship between changes in the risk situations in China and the level of foreign equity ownership in the EJV. It hypothesizes that Japanese partners would be more likely than U.S. or Hong Kong partners to acquire a 50% or higher level of equity ownership. This tendency would become more pronounced when the risk conditions in China deteriorate. The empirical results, based on 3,838 EJVs in China that had foreign partners from U.S., Japan, Hong Kong and Europe during the 1979–1992 period, are largely consistent with the hypotheses.     

A marketing perspective on the rise of China: monopoly,politics and value

Abstract

As researchers in the social sciences seek an understanding of the spectacular rise of China, the seemingly counterintuitive stance of an autocratic regime attaining such sustained economic performance challenges multiple analytical frames. The relatively ponderous responses of the United States and Europe to recent global conditions, and the democratic uprisings in Arabic states, further represent a glaring contrast. While the marketing literature is rich in the particulars of specific management issues in the China market, no analysis from the discipline has attempted to provide a broad, distinctly marketing contribution to the China phenomenon. Choice is a fundamental construct underpinning theories of politics, economics and marketing, though it is notably absent from Chinese politics. The changing relationship between markets, business and government reveals a question that is clearly important to marketers, and China is a challenging boundary case for marketing management.     

国际著名品牌的中国公关策略:一个社会责任的视角

本研究以公共关系的社会责任伦理观为研究视角,探讨了国际著名品牌在中国的本土化公关策略。研究发现：第一,十大国际著名品牌在中国大陆的本土公关活动主要以公益性的宣传支持和慈善性的社会捐助为主,以政治性沟通合作和社区志愿者活动为辅,同时兼及伦理型商业实践和文化型娱乐活动,而关联性的公益营销较少开展。第二,社会责任型公关活动,在品牌关系建立、品牌文化推广、品牌形象塑造和品牌战略确定等四个方面,发挥了主要和积极的作用。