秸秆腐植酸对一串红生长指标及抗病虫害的影响

为验证秸秆腐植酸的应用效果,在绿化利用率较高的花卉一串红上进行应用试验.结果表明,不同处理对一串红的生长发育有积极的促进作用,各处理对一串红的营养生长、生殖生长和抗病虫能力作用显著,较对照均达到显著水平,综合效果评价为处理3> 处理4> 处理2> 处理1.对一串红生殖生长影响显示,处理后的一串红花芽分化多,花色鲜艳,花...     

不同外源物质调控对紫花槭生长的影响

本实验拟为解决紫花槭圃地育苗生长势弱、生长缓慢提供技术参考,通过利用赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、腐殖酸液肥、尿素、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾等外源物质,对圃地紫花槭幼苗进行生长调控,测定分析其对紫花槭各项生长指标的影响。实验结果:高浓度的赤霉素使紫花槭徒长,浓度为300ppm吲哚乙酸,6ml·L-1腐殖酸液肥,4g·L-1尿素和5g·L-1磷酸二氢钾对紫花槭各生长指标有不同的促进作用;氯化钾作用不明显且易对紫花槭叶产生药害。     

外源物质对元宝槭生长及生理特性的影响

利用外源物质对元宝槭进行调控,并且根据对元宝槭秋季叶色呈色期元宝槭生理指标的测定;发现2.5ml/L的矮壮素可以起到抑制元宝槭生长,消除抽条现象的作用;20g/L的蔗糖可以提高元宝槭叶色呈色作用。     

大米蛋白提取方式对幼鼠生长性能的影响

目的：探讨不同方式提取的大米蛋白对生长性能的调控效果。方法：分别给7周龄雄性Wistar幼鼠投喂粗蛋白质为20％的酪蛋白及经碱法、酶法提取的大米蛋白3w后,检测各组实验鼠生长状况、体重增加量、蛋白质功效、内脏器官（肝脏、脾脏、肾脏）重量及脏器指数。结果：大米蛋白各组实验鼠末体重、总体重增加量、蛋白质功效及肝脏、脾脏、肾脏重量均显著低于酪蛋白组（P〈O．05）,但大米蛋白组幼鼠的日采食量及肝脏指数、脾脏指数、肾脏指数则与酪蛋白组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：提取方式是大米蛋白调控幼鼠体重及生长性能的影响因素之一。酶法提取的大米蛋白调控体重增加量效果优于碱法提取大米蛋白组。     

不同施肥处理对设施土壤盐分的影响

试验选择有16年龄的塑料大棚,对不同处理引起的土壤电导率、土壤硝酸根含量、土壤钙离子含量进行了分析;结果表明,设施土壤中NO3-、Ca2＋含量与土壤的电导率呈现极显著正相关;腐植酸和沸石在降低土壤盐分含量方面效果都很显著;腐植酸在降低土壤电导率和土壤交换性钙含量方面优于沸石,沸石在降低土壤NO3--N含量方面优于腐植酸,腐植酸＋沸石处理在降低土壤盐分的各个方面均效果最好;施肥可以快速增加土壤盐分的含量,过量施用肥料会引起土壤养分的快速富集,同时高度富集的养分元素成为土壤水溶性盐基离子总量提高的根本原因;设施栽培必须强调测土配方施肥。     

浅析氮对茶树生长的影响

20世纪40年代以来,各种肥料大量用于茶叶生产,施肥对茶叶品质及其生长方面有很大影响.在低量施肥的情况下,茶叶的产量与施肥量呈正相关趋势,但当施肥达到一定量时,施肥量对茶叶增产效果无明显影响.不同形态的肥料对茶树的生长发育影响效果不同.在研究不同形态氮肥对茶树影响中发现,不同形态的氮肥对茶树的生长发育及其产量和品质都有...     

土壤通透性对作物生长的影响

土壤通气性是指土壤空气与大气进行交换的能力,以及土壤内部气体扩散的特性。土壤通气性能的好坏,直接影响土壤肥力的有效利用,进而影响作物生长。土壤通气不良,则氧气不足．将抑制作物根系的呼吸作用．进而削弱根系吸收水肥的功能。     

土壤酸碱性对作物生长的影响

土壤酸碱性主要取决于土壤中酸碱物质的多少。对酸性土壤应增施石灰,以中和土壤酸度,消除铝的毒害,提高养分的有效性。同时注意增施有机肥料,通过有机肥料的缓冲作用。减轻酸性对土壤和作物的影响。化学肥料宜选用氨水、碳铵、钙镁醐巴等碱性肥料。     

辐射对菊花组培苗生长的影响

设定辐射剂量,通过<'60>Co-γ射线辐射菊花继代组培苗,诱发突变体产生,研究辐射对菊花继代分化、生根的影响,结果表明:菊花组培苗的芽分化率随着辐射剂量的增加而逐渐下降,不同辐射剂量下的芽分化率有显著差异.辐射对菊花组培苗的生根率有显著影响,组培苗接受的辐射剂量越大,则生根率越低,且生根时间越长.     

入世对我国农业影响及其引发的水权水市场问题分析

讨论WTO对我国农业的主要影响以及预测我国农业生产方式的发展方向，根据这种预测，分析了由农业引发的水权水市场问题，提出了水权水市场在加入WTO后，前期不利、中期发展、后期成熟的观点。     

秸秆覆盖与秸秆翻压还田效果比较

秸秆覆盖与秸秆翻压还田均可改善土壤理化性状。还田３年．土壤表层（０～１０Ｃｍ）有机质。覆盖比翻压增加５８６％;＞０．２５ｍｍ的团聚体、覆盖是翻压的４．７倍;覆盖条件下。土壤Ｎ、Ｐ。Ｋ均有不同程度的增加．而翻压还田土壤中的Ｎ大幅度降低;保水效果．覆盖明显优于翻压：覆盖可以控制土壤侵蚀．抑制杂草生长。节省劳动力和能源。     

2020—2021年烟台市市售食品中防腐剂使用状况的调查研究

目的:了解2020—2021年烟台市市售食品中3种防腐剂(苯甲酸、山梨酸和脱氢乙酸)的使用状况.方法:在烟台市各区县的大型超市、农贸市场、商店等食品销售场所随机抽取18个类别共计1867份食品样本,采用高效液相色谱法检测样本中的苯甲酸、山梨酸和脱氢乙酸.结果:有31.12％的样本检出了防腐剂,调味品、肉制品、饮料、酒类...     

The distributional effect of a large rice price increase on welfare and poverty in Bangladesh

This paper studies the distributional effect of a sharp rice price increase on welfare and poverty in Bangladesh. We employ household consumption data and include the indirect effect of price responses to estimate the welfare loss. Our findings suggest that the estimated welfare effect can be misleading if household responses to rice consumption and production are ignored. This study further supports the hypothesis that the poor are the main victims of such a shock. Our examination also indicates that a higher rice price may increase or decrease the poverty head‐count ratio, depending on the choice of the poverty line, but worsens the country's poverty situation when it is measured by the per capita consumption gap. Our analysis reveals that the government can play a central role to prevent and mitigate such shocks, particularly in the medium to long run. On the methodological side, we observe that consumption provides a more consistent outcome across different methods of analysis than household income.     

Implications of the minimum access rice import on supply and demand balance of rice in Japan

The recent development of rice policies in Japan are summarized. The impact of the minimum access (MA) import on the supply and demand balance of rice, and the rice diversion areas in the future is also predicted.     

Impact of training on the intensification of rice farming: evidence from rainfed areas in Tanzania

Agricultural development is indispensable for poverty reduction and food security in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). This study investigates the impact of rice production training in a modified version of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on the performance of small‐scale rice farmers in a rainfed area of Tanzania. Utilizing the plot level variation, we employ propensity score matching (PSM) to assess the impact of training on technology adoption, productivity, and profitability. We also estimate a difference‐in‐differences model with plot fixed effects using recall panel data covering the periods before and after training. We found that trainees achieved an average paddy yield of 4.7 tons per hectare and rice profit of 191.5 USD per hectare on the plots where new technologies were adopted, which is higher by about 1.3–1.8 tons and 119–137 USD per hectare than on the other plots. Our study suggests the high potential of transforming favorable rainfed rice growing areas in SSA so as to achieve a rice Green Revolution through training in modern input use and improved agronomic practices.     

Measuring pesticide overuse and its determinants: Evidence from Vietnamese rice and fruit farms

Pesticides have long been important for the development of agricultural production. However, improper use of pesticides may result in inefficiency with respect to farm profitability, in addition to external effects of pesticide use on environmental and human health. This paper employs a production function that explicitly accounts for the role of damage abatement inputs (i.e. pesticides) in the production process, to examine the optimal use of pesticides. It then investigates determinants of pesticide overuse versus underuse and the intensity of overuse. The empirical application uses data on Vietnamese rice and fruit farms drawn from the 2016 Vietnamese Household Living Standards Survey. Results show about 95% of farmers overused pesticides for both rice and fruit farming systems. The Mekong Delta, also known as the ‘Rice Bowl’ of Vietnam, has higher levels of overuse on rice farms than two other regions. Overuse intensity is lower for female and poorer rice farmers while intensity is higher for those with more income and more family members. For fruit farms, younger farmers or those with more family members were more likely to overuse versus underuse pesticides.     

Mitigating rice production risks from drought through improving irrigation infrastructure and management in China

Rice, China's most important food crop, is highly dependent on irrigation, but an increasing number of extreme drought events have challenged rice production in many regions. This paper investigates the role of local irrigation infrastructure in improving farmers' ability to respond to drought and its effectiveness in mitigating the drought risk in rice production in China. The analysis relies on a moment‐based specification of the stochastic production function, capturing mean, variance and skewness effects. Using household survey data from 86 villages in five provinces, we jointly estimate farmers' adaptive irrigation decisions and their effects on rice yield and production risk. Our econometric analyses show that irrigation infrastructure in villages contributes to enhancing farmers' irrigation capacity in adapting to drought, and increased irrigation leads to a significant increase in mean yield and a reduction in exposure to risk as well as downside risk in rice production. The paper concludes with policy implications.     

Cooperative membership and adoption of green pest control practices: Insights from rice farmers

Reducing the use of chemical pesticide while preserving crop yield is a practical strategy that makes agricultural production economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. Although the adoption of green pest control practices can help achieve such a goal, its adoption rate remains quite low. This study explores whether membership in agricultural cooperatives improves smallholder farmers' adoption of green pest control practices, utilising farm-level data surveyed from rice farmers in China. To enrich our understanding, we also investigate how the adoption of green pest control practices mediates the effects of cooperative membership on chemical pesticide expenditures. An endogenous switching probit model and a bootstrap-based mediation method are employed to achieve these goals. The empirical results show that cooperative membership significantly increases the probability of adopting physical pest control practices (e.g. pest-killing lamps or sticky plate traps) and biological pest control practices (e.g. biopesticides) by 6% and 19%, respectively. Cooperative membership significantly reduces chemical pesticide expenditures through its mediation effect on improving the probability of adopting biological pest control practices. There is also a complementary relationship between physical and biological pest control practices in pest management of rice production. The adoption of physical pest control practices significantly increases rice yield, while the adoption of biological pest control practices does not.