电力客户生命周期模式研究与营销方案设计

电力客户具有生命周期,电力客户生命周期是指电力客户关系水平随时间变化的发展轨迹,它描述了客户关系从一种状态（一个阶段）向另一种状态（另一阶段）运动的总体特征。本文的研究目标就是基于电力客户的特殊性,提出了电力客户生命生命周期的划分及各阶段的特征。给出了表征电力客户关系发展水平的变量,对各个表征变量,在电力客户生命周期周期各阶段的变化趋势进行分析和研究,并根据各表征变量在各生命周期不同阶段的变化情况,给出典型的电力客户生命周期曲线。从而分析、研究并建立电力客户的生命周期模型,基于生命周期理念,提出新的电力客户细分方法,即：基于电力客户生命周期理念的客户分类,并针对不同细分客户制定相应的营销策略。     

战略差异、生命周期与企业创新产出

企业创新产出水平的影响因素一直是学术界和实务界关注的焦点。本文以我国2013—2018年A股上市公司为研究对象,考察企业战略差异在不同生命周期阶段对于企业创新产出的影响。研究发现,企业战略差异与企业创新产出显著负相关,随着企业战略差异的增加,企业创新产出水平显著降低;在企业不同的生命周期阶段,企业战略差异对创新产出的影响呈现不同特点,相对于成熟期,成长期企业的战略差异对创新产出的抑制效应更明显。进一步研究发现,企业战略差异通过融资约束路径对企业创新产出产生影响。研究结果对于企业在不同的生命周期阶段制定合适的企业战略具有参考意义。     

房地产周期、固定资产 投资周期与经济周期的关联性 ——基于货币政策视角下的分析

本文应用TVSTAR方法实证研究了房地产周期、固定资产投资周期与经济周期的关联性，以及货币供给量M0，M1和利率的调整对联动的影响。研究结果显示，经济增长周期与房地产周期间存在显著的区制性特征。在收缩区制，房地产周期的变动是引起CPI周期变动的原因，而固定资产投资周期具有显著的逆经济增长周期的波动特征。在扩张区制，货币供给量M0和M1增加，对稳定经济增长、增加投资和维持房地产市场的繁荣具有积极作用，但持续和过度的宽松货币政策易引发通胀和房地产泡沫，在收缩区制，上述货币政策工具失效。     

The time-varying characteristics of the Chinese financial cycle and impact from the United States

ABSTRACT

Although there have been many empirical studies about the financial cycle since the financial crisis of 2008, few have analysed the structural changes in the Chinese financial cycle over time. The Chinese financial development process is short, and it is difficult to obtain accurate results on the measurement of the financial cycle. Based on wavelet analysis, this paper analyzes the time-varying characteristics of the Chinese financial cycle and the relationship between the financial and business cycles. In addition, we measure the impact from the United States. This paper draws three conclusions. Firstly, in terms of the characteristics of cycles, the existence of Chinese business cycle and financial cycle is proved, while the credit cycle, leverage cycle, stock market cycle and property cycle are quite different. Specifically, China has a 5.8-year credit cycle, an 8-year stock market cycle, 3.4-year and 12-year business cycles and a 15-year leverage cycle. Secondly, the financial cycles can serve as leading indicators of the business cycle, though the relationships between them are change overtime. Finally, the United States has a significant impact on the Chinese financial cycle with a ‘decoupling-recoupling’ effect, which is mainly reflected in the leverage cycle and the stock market cycle.     

Foreign Direct Investment Outflows and Business‐cycle Fluctuations*

This paper investigates business‐cycle effects for a country’s foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows. Ordinary least squares and panel regressions show that volatility in economic growth has a negative and significant impact on FDI outflows. Furthermore, we find different types of shocks have asymmetric impacts on FDI outflows. In other words, fluctuations of the same magnitude in a boom and a recession have different effects on FDI outflows. This relationship is more evident in OECD countries. We also include exchange rate volatility, lagged business‐cycle measure, and control for potential endogeneity problems as robustness checks. Our findings are robust across different specifications.     

经济周期中就业波动研究新进展

本文通过梳理国外最新研究文献,我们发现:(1)经济周期中就业波动存在滞后与回滞现象。(2)经济周期中的就业波动形态在不同部门间存在巨大差异。(3)经济周期的不同冲击源对就业波动有着迥异的影响。     

Do central banks act asymmetrically? Empirical evidence from the ECB and the Bank of England

The paper attempts to exploit whether monetary authorities have a different behaviour during recession and expansion. To this end, a multivariate extension of Hamilton Markov-switching model is adopted. First, regime dependent Taylor-type rules are estimated for the Euro Area and the United Kingdom in order to capture the systematic behaviour of central banks. Then, impulse response functions that account for the different phases of the business cycle are analysed. In addition, a comparative analysis concerning the estimated rules as well as the different reaction of real economy to monetary shocks is implemented. The study strongly suggests that central banks cannot neglect the regime where the monetary action takes place. It follows that the phase of business cycle is an important matter in monetary policy decision process.     

The exchange rate cycle in Argentina

This article discusses the secular volatility of output, inflation, the exchange rate, and poverty in Argentina. Inflation, currency devaluation and a wide gross domestic product (GDP) cycle have been recurrent problems in Argentina for several decades. The literature has extensively discussed those issues from different viewpoints. This study focuses on a relatively unexplored theme that may contribute to a partial explanation. It deals with the continuous tendency to equalize different profitabilities resulting, in turn, from remarkably different sectoral purchasing power parities. Thus, for any given exchange rate, an incessant tendency toward the equalization of profitabilities generates opposing inflationary and devaluatory pressures. The resulting inflation-devaluation cycle feeds income redistribution, GDP fluctuation, real exchange rate instability, and high levels of uncertainty.     

Meta‐Analysis of Chinese Business Cycle Correlation

We review previous research on China's business cycle correlation with other economies applying meta‐analysis. We survey 71 papers analysing the different periods of Chinese economic development since the 1950s that were published in English or Chinese. We confirm that Pacific Rim economies in particular have relatively high business cycle correlation with China. It appears that many characteristics of the studies and authors influence the reported degree of business cycle synchronization. For instance, Chinese‐language papers report higher correlation coefficients. Despite this, we do not detect robust evidence for publication bias in the papers. Moreover, we show that the broad evidence does not confirm the popular decoupling hypothesis.     

Gender differences in the volatility of work hours and labor demand

This paper examines the role of heterogeneity in a real business cycle model, which traditionally has not fully captured the relative volatility of hours to output. Men and women have different cyclical volatilities in hours worked, which is robust to different filtering methods. This empirical regularity is used to motivate a standard RBC model augmented to allow for two different agents following Jaimovich et al. (2013). These two agents have identical utility functions, but face different elasticities of labor demand due to their different complementarities with capital. These estimated elasticities find that women are more complementary to capital. The calibrated model generates the cyclical volatility of work hours by gender and for the total hours worked that matches the U.S. data better than the traditional representative agent model. I then explore other extensions to this model including investigating the stability of the estimated labor demand elasticities and allowing for various Frisch elasticities of labor supply. This paper demonstrates that allowing for even broad levels of heterogeneity in a simple framework can increase the model’s tractability with the data. Since gender is important to explain U.S. business cycle dynamics, we need to carefully consider heterogeneity when analyzing counter-cyclical economic policy, as it may not have symmetric effects across assorted groups.     

中国改革三十年人口年龄结构变化与总消费关系研究

不同年龄人口对于家庭户总消费的影响是不同的。基于生命周期与持久收入模型的理论假设,引入了主要储蓄人口比概念对人均家庭消费进行分析,并考虑了个体消费过程中存在短视行为。探讨人口因素对近三十年总家庭消费产生影响的方式与影响程度。     

基于生命周期的创业孵化模式研究

在已有企业生命周期研究成果的基础上,将创业孵化分为种子期、出生期、成长期、成熟期4个阶段,结合不同生命周期企业成长及开展创业活动的决定要素和演变规律,从资源获取、能力培养、风险规避、价值提升4个维度对企业创业孵化的关键要素进行了界定,并揭示了创业孵化的周期性特征,针对企业不同生命周期,提出了萌发模式、孵化模式、加速模式和能变模式4种周期基础功能孵化模式。在此基础上,根据企业在不同生命周期企业边界和孵化边界的变化,提出了基础要素集成模式、周期功能集成模式和网络协同集成模式3种集成模式。     

A comprehensive German business cycle chronology

Business cycle chronologies offer reference points for empirical studies used as benchmarks for business cycle and recession theory. A quasi-official chronology exists for the US economy, but not for most European countries, including Germany. While most papers dealing with business cycle dates rely on one specific method, I present and discuss a number of different dating approaches based on the classical business cycle. These are applied to German GDP data comprising 1970–2006. Finally, based on the results of the different methods, a consensus business cycle chronology for the German economy is suggested.     

基于演化博弈企业创新模式的策略研究

处于不同生命周期的企业面临的策略选择是不同的,通过博弈模型的假设,分析了企业合作与竞争的影响因素,结合企业不同发展阶段的影响因素的特点,提出了不同阶段的策略模式选择。从企业的不同生命周期的模型假设看出,竞争与合作策略选择是随着企业不同的发展阶段,各自的成本,收益以及在市场上是否处于有利地位的不同而不同的。对于企业而言,处于不同的生命周期,其面对的内外部环境是不同的,因此选择不同的战略模式,即选择不同降段的创新模式来实现各自更好更快的发展。     

商业周期与区际经济一体化——自然壁垒、经济结构与政策

文章着重从商业周期角度来对我国区际一体化状况进行实证研究,即主要从"市场自然分割"与"政策与经济结构"两方面因素来探索商业周期的区域差异.总体来看,我国所有地区在两个时间样本期间(1992～1997年与1998～2004年)的就业和产出周期同步性均有所增加,说明商业周期的演进与我国经济体制改革基本同步;文章还分析了影响商业周期的不同解释变量,结果显示:控制变量的距离、规模与周期存在显著的相关性,而体现"东西边界"的外生变量则在绝大部分回归中则显著为负,说明在我国东西部之间可能存在一道明显的"区域分界线",阻碍了大区域间的经济联系;此外,樊刚指数对区域周期的解释具有两面性,经济结构差异越合理,商业周期越走向同步性,而财政政策差异和贸易密度差异是我国商业周期的波动因素.     

Forecasting recessions: the importance of the financial cycle

Financial cycles can be important drivers of real activity, but there is scant evidence about how well they signal recession risks. We address this question, using a range of financial cycle measures. Unlike most papers, ours assesses forecasting performance not just for the United States but also for a panel of advanced and emerging market economies. We find that financial cycle measures have significant forecasting power both in and out of sample, even for a three-year horizon. Moreover, they outperform the term spread - the most widely used indicator in the literature - in nearly all specifications. These results are robust to different recession specifications.     

Catch‐up cycle: A general equilibrium framework

Successful latecomers have certain stylized facts: an inverse U‐shaped GDP and capital per capita growth rates, high growth rates during the catch‐up period, and rapid structural changes. This paper proposes a general equilibrium framework and documents a catch‐up cycle that successful latecomers are likely to experience. Technology adoption or imitation and the diminishing marginal return to capital are the two driving forces of the catch‐up cycle. Technical gap and speed/efficiency of technical catching‐up are two fundamental determinants for successful catching‐up. Market competition, a beneficial financial system for resource allocation and openness are essential factors associated with speed/efficiency of technical catching‐up and thus with successful catching‐up. This paper concludes by a case study of China and sheds light on the different policy choices in various stages of the catch‐up cycle.     

生命周期视角:民营企业社会责任履行促进机制探讨

企业在整个生命周期中,在不同的发展阶段其对社会责任的理解及履行能力是不同的。因此,分阶段渐进地履行社会责任,是企业的一种理性和必要选择。本文基于企业生命周期模型,在文献梳理的基础上探讨了民营企业生命周期的阶段性特点及其社会责任边界,以及如何实现两者契合的问题。文章认为,要使民营企业的社会责任行为更具可持续性,必须把社会责任意识在其生命周期的初创期根植进去,内生于企业发展过程中。此外,企业、政府和社会需积极构建长效联动的促进机制,使民营企业实现自身发展和履行社会责任的和谐互动。     

Business cycle and bank lending procyclicality in a dual banking system

The paper studies bank lending behaviour over the business cycle in a dual banking system, Malaysia, with the objective of ascertaining whether Islamic banks have a role in stabilizing credit. The study makes use of unbalanced panel data of 21 conventional banks and 16 Islamic banks covering mostly the period 2001–2013. Applying dynamic GMM estimators, we find the aggregate loans by banks to be pro-cyclical in conformity with existing studies. However, when we segregate the lending/financing behaviour of conventional and Islamic banks, the cyclicality of bank lending seems to be true only for conventional banks. As for the Islamic banks, the business cycle does not seem to affect their financing decisions. Indeed, there is indication that the Islamic banks in general and the full-fledged Islamic banks in particular can even be counter-cyclical in their financing decisions. This conclusion is fairly robust to a different loan measure, alternative model specifications, and to an alternative business cycle measure. Hence, our results provide further support to the “stability” view of the Islamic banks in that they have the ability to stabilize credit.     

Unemployment duration,Fiscal and monetary policies,and the output gap: How do the quantile relationships look like?

We use country-level panel data on average unemployment duration (AvgUD) to explore how the conditional distribution of AvgUD varies with primary fiscal balance (fiscal policy), short-term interest rate (monetary policy), and the state of the business cycle (output gap). We obtain the quantile estimates via a Bayesian quantile mixed effects model, which has so far received limited attention in economics. Our results reveal rich heterogeneity in both the sign and strength of these associations at different quantiles of AvgUD, in different gender and age groups, and in some transition economies that have markedly different labour markets. A higher fiscal balance/surplus is associated with higher middle-upper quantiles of AvgUD among prime-age and old-age men, whereas the empirical association is weak at all quantiles of AvgUD among young men and women. The association between quantiles of AvgUD and fiscal and monetary policies tends to be weaker among women than men. A better state of the business cycle is associated with a lower AvgUD at all quantiles among young men and women.