金融分权对企业投资效率的影响

本文基于金融分权的内涵,分析金融分权对企业投资效率的影响机制,并利用2003—2015年的上市公司数据,估算企业投资效率,实证检验金融分权对企业投资效率的影响。结果表明,金融分权降低了企业投资效率,并主要体现为投资过度;财政分权加剧了金融分权对企业投资效率的负效应。进一步研究发现,相对于国有企业而言,金融分权对非国有企业投资效率的负效应较小。中介效应检验表明,金融分权通过影响企业银行信贷和代理成本来降低企业投资效率。本文的政策含义是：理顺中央和地方财政关系,降低地方政府对金融资源的竞争性需求;完善地方政府官员考核机制,弱化地方政府参与金融竞争的激励;完善金融分权,既要求政府在保证金融市场稳定、不发生系统性风险的前提下应向市场逐步分权,又要求清晰界定中央政府与地方政府各自的监管权限,明确双方的救助责任。     

Corporate sustainability strategies in institutional adversity: Antecedent,outcome, and contingency effects

This study examines (i) how top-level managerial institutional ties drive corporate sustainability strategies of emerging market firms operating under conditions of institutional adversity; (ii) the impact of corporate sustainability strategies on market performance; and (iii) the moderating role of financial resource slack on the relationships between corporate sustainability strategies and market performance. The study builds from institutional development logic and the structure–conduct–performance paradigm. Primary data are collected from 300 firms operating in a major sub-Saharan African market. Findings show that top-level managerial institutional linkages with regulatory national governmental officials, local community leaders, and top managers at other firms drive corporate proactive and responsive sustainability strategies, which in turn influence market performance. In addition, the findings reveal that financial resource slack strengthens the path between corporate proactive sustainability strategies and market performance, but not the path between corporate responsive sustainability strategies and market performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

分税制下的地方政府行为激励与房地产市场改革

本文分析了分税制下地方政府介入房地产市场的原因和影响;指出地方政府领导在财政收支压力和政治晋升压力的作用下,通过深度介入房地产市场获得经济发展的资金来源以缓解财政压力,进而获取政治晋升的机会;揭示了地方政府介入房地产市场对经济社会发展造成的一系列深层次矛盾,并最终拉动了房价的上涨。要改变这种局面需要为地方政府建立稳定可靠的收入来源,并对当前的土地出让制度进行深入改革。     

Firms,shareholders, and financial markets

We study the influence of the financial market on the decisions of firms in the real market. To that end, we present a model in which the shareholders’ portfolio selection of assets and the decisions of the publicly traded firms are integrated through the market process. Financial access alters the objective function of the firms, and the market interaction of shareholders substantially influences firms’ behavior in the real sector. After characterizing the unique equilibrium, we show that the financial sector integrates the preferences of all shareholders into the decisions for production and ownership structure. The participation from investors in the financial market also limits the firms’ ability to manipulate real prices, i.e., there is a loss of market power in the real sector. Note that, while the loss of market power changes expected profits, it is not detrimental to shareholders since the expected return of equity share depends on the variance (and not the mean) of profits. Indeed, any change in expected profits is absorbed by the financial price. We also show that financial access increases production, thereby altering the distribution of profits. In particular, financial access induces firms to take on more risk. Finally, financial access makes the relationship between risk-aversion and risk-taking ambiguous. For example, it is possible that an increase in risk-aversion leads to more risk-taking, i.e., the variance of real profits increases.     

Heterogeneous Traders,the Leverage Effect and Volatility of the Chinese P2P Market

The new financial industry represented by peer-to-peer lending has gradually become a new source of volatility due to the increasing complexity of the Chinese financial market. This volatility leads to greater risk to P2P investors and has become the focus of the regulatory authorities in China. Based on the background data of the P2P platform, Honglingchuangtou, we use the factor analysis method to construct a platform volatility (PV) index and we construct an HAR model to study the heterogeneous traders and leverage effect in the Chinese P2P market. The empirical results show that there are both short-term and long-term heterogeneous traders in the Chinese P2P market and that long-term traders have the greatest impact on market volatility. Similar to traditional financial markets, the volatility of the P2P market also shows a leverage effect, which means that the negative volatility of trader actions should have a negative impact on market fluctuations. With regard to the leverage effect, the LHAR-PV model is superior because of a higher goodness of fit and a lower prediction error.     

我国债券市场现状、问题及对策浅析

债券市场在证券市场中处于一个举轻重的地位,证券市场是不是能够繁荣发展,标识着整个国家金融市场的兴衰成败。这些年,我国债券市场发展十分迅速,实际上,我国债券市场的发行规模还比较小,市场内部不统一,在管理上也不统一,法律制度、交易方式、市场监管等方面发展的也不够完善,这些都不能使我国资本市场健康地向前发展,甚至会阻碍我国经济的可持续发展。所以,不断推进债券市场的繁荣,不仅有利于金融市场体系的完善,而且能够更好的保持金融市场的可持续发展。     

Local economic risk factors and the primary and secondary mortgage markets

This paper presents a cross-sectional analysis of the spatial distribution of loans in the primary and secondary mortgage markets. Aggregating loan originations to the MSA level, we examine the proportion of the market served by FHA and conventional lenders. We model the geographic differences in market shares as a function of supply, demand, and economic risk factors. Results indicate that FHA market shares are higher in cities with higher economic risk characteristics. To examine the role of GSE activity, we model the spatial distribution of the disposition of conventional loans. Again, we focus on the impact of local economic risk factors on the proportion of loans purchased by the GSEs, purchased by other financial institutions, or retained by the originating lender. Our results indicate that GSEs purchase rates are fairly insensitive to local economic conditions indicating that they serve the primary market with little spatial variation.     

论金融市场效率对企业财务目标选择的约束

企业价值最大化是国外普遍承认的财务目标,近年来在国内也得到了广泛的认同。文章以金融市场为视角来展现财务目标演变的历史线索,从中揭示了财务目标的金融约束,并论证了完全金融市场中各种财务目标的同一性,指出我国财务目标选择不应该跨越当前不完全金融市场条件的制约。     

Double Movement,Globalization, and the Crisis

This article asks whether the process of financial globalization and its recent crisis can be explained by Karl Polanyi's notion of the double movement and argues, in tune with this notion, that capitalist market relations depend on certain institutional arrangements and yet the development of the market forces deteriorates these institutions' arrangements to such extent that even the “capitalist business itself had to be sheltered from the unrestricted working of the market mechanism” (Polanyi 1944: 193).     

Interaction of the Russian Financial Markets

The different segments of he Russian financial markets are studied in the paper. The market crashed on 17 August 1998. We consider the stable period of the market between May 1996 and October 1997. We study the structure of interactions between the GKO market, stock market, currency market, currency futures market, GKO futures market, interbank credit market. We study the relations between the world financial market and the Russian financial market. It was shown that, in the period under consideration, different segments of the Russian financial market became more integrated and the market as whole became more stable and more integrated in the international capital flows.     

现代企业财务风险的成因、防范和控制

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈，财务风险对企业生存发展的影响也愈来愈大，现代企业必须充分了解财务风险的成因，建立完善的财务风险防范控制机制，防范和化解企业发展中的各种财务风险，确保企业向着科学、合理、健康的方向发展。     

中国现代金融体系的结构、影响及前景

在经济快速增长的背景下,中国已逐步形成一个以中央银行为核心、商业银行为主体,各种银行和非银行金融机构分工协作的现代国家金融体系。运用计量分析方法和典型相关分析,研究中国现代金融体系的社会融资结构、证券市场结构以及影子银行结构,测度国家现代金融体系对实体经济各行业的影响程度。研究表明:金融机构贷款与债券市场对相关行业的促进具有一定协同作用,股票市场对第一、二产业的发展影响较小,金融业对第三产业的促进作用最大。根据目前金融体系的结构、影响,可以预见未来中国现代金融体系的发展前景将主要体现在市场化、网络化以及国际化三个方面。     

抵押房地产的公开市场价值、抵押价值及变现价值

在金融机构发放抵押贷款时,抵押房地产的价值是确定房地产抵押贷款的贷款额的一个重要参数。我国《房地产抵押估价指导意见》规定:房地产抵押估价采用公开市场价值标准,房地产抵押价值等于假定未设立法定优先受偿权利下的市场价值减去房地产估价师知悉的法定优先受偿款。但是,金融机构通过变卖或拍卖方式行使处置权和收益权得到变现净值或清算净值,因而金融机构房地产抵押所追求的是“变现净值”或“清算净值”标准,不是公开市场价值标准。所以,金融机构要防范金融风险,科学确定房地产抵押贷款的贷款额,就必须准确界定抵押房地产的市场价值、抵押价值和变现价值。     

浅谈湖北省科技金融发展的现状与问题

作为国内中部地区崛起战略支点的湖北省,在当地省政府和金融机构等多部门的努力下,湖北省已经在科技与金融的融合发展方面取得了不错的成绩。论文分别从高新技术企业状况、工业企业R&D活动情况、金融机构参与科技金融状况、政府对科技金融的支持力度、市场金融产品的创新共五个方面浅谈湖北省科技金融发展现状,并提出湖北省科技金融发展过程中存在的问题。     

The Great Depression versus the Great Recession in the U.S.: How fiscal,monetary, and financial polices compare

This study reviews the financial distress that triggered and amplified the financial crises of the Great Depression and Great Recession and compares macroeconomic and financial policy responses. Shadow banking funded the build-up of the financial excesses that preceded both. The quicker and forceful response of monetary and fiscal policy during the Great Recession and stronger action to restore market functionality mitigated the downturn and aided recovery. Nevertheless, actions to address the mortgage debt overhang were slower. Post-Depression reforms focused on preventing deposit runs and post-Great Recession reforms on preventing runs on bank debt and shadow banks while boosting capital buffers.     

浅析我国离岸金融市场

离岸金融市场不同于传统金融市场,是现代金融市场的重要组成部分,是一种新兴的、真正意义上的国际金融市场。随着该市场在我国不断的发展,体现出诸多离岸金融市场所特有的特点。我国的离岸金融市场正在积极地筹划和创建中,也因此我国金融业在国际金融界的地位和竞争力得到了进一步的提高。较多的优惠政策和监管的宽松虽然促使我国的离岸金融市场迅速发展,但同时也可能带来巨大的金融风险。随着我国入世过渡期的结束,我国银行业与外资银行的全面竞争展开,越来越多的人关注这种竞争可能带给我国银行业的竞争压力,尤其是在离岸金融市场上的竞争会更加激烈。     

Institutional quality, governance, and financial development

Using banking sector and stock market development indicators, we examine the effect of institutional quality on financial development in developed and developing countries. Empirical results are based on dynamic system generalized method of moments estimations and demonstrate that a high-quality institutional environment is important in explaining financial development, specifically for the banking sector. However, the stock market development-institution relationship is contingent one, characterized by a non-monotonic pattern. The results are robust to two measurements of institutions and governance indicators, as well as estimation methods.     

Real Estate and the Asian Crisis

This paper suggests that activities in the real estate markets in Southeast and East Asian economies were an important contributing force to the financial crises of 1997 in the Asian economies. The analysis relies upon unpublished data reported contemporaneously by financial institutions and market watchers to document the extent of the imbalances in the real property market that were evident to informed observers at the time of the financial collapse. The analysis argues that a series of reforms in the regulation of the property market and the treatment of real property loans by financial institutions are necessary to prevent the recurrence of the kind of speculative bubble that contributed to the financial crises in Asia. Given the recentness of the crisis, the nature of the data, and the absence of definitive statistical sources, the results are tentative, but they are certainly consistent with a financial collapse whose proximate cause was unchecked activity in the property market.     

Financial development and financial liberalization in Asia: Thresholds,institutions and the sequence of liberalization

This paper investigates whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal/institutional development, and whether trade opening is a precondition for financial opening. The focus is on Asia. In a panel encompassing 87 less developed countries over the period 1980 to 2000, a higher level of financial openness is found to spur equity market development only if a threshold level of legal development has been attained, a condition which tends to prevail particularly among emerging market Asian countries. On the issue of sequencing, trade openness is found to be a prerequisite for successful inducement of financial development via capital account liberalization.     

Identifying credit demand,financial intermediation,and supply of funds shocks: A structural VAR approach

In this paper, we identify three exogenous shocks to credit market: demand for credit, supply of funds into the financial system, and the willingness to lend of financial institutions (financial intermediation), and also, determine the contribution of these shocks to fluctuations in the credit market and overall economic activity. We estimate a structural vector autoregression model where the three credit shocks are identified with a set of sign restrictions motivated by a simple partial equilibrium model of financial intermediation. We find that the credit demand shock explains significantly the variations in the long-term loan rate proxied by the Moody’s Baa corporate bond yield, while the supply of funds shock contributes to most of the fluctuations in the short-term commercial paper rate. The financial intermediation shock drives most of the fluctuations in the quantity of loans as well as the spread between the Baa and commercial paper rates. Of the credit shocks, we find that the financial intermediation shock has the largest impact on real economic activity. In fact, our analysis implies that the sharp decline in output during the 2007–2009 financial crisis is largely attributable to the financial intermediation shock, along with shocks originating outside of the financial system.