Networked manufacturing:: The impact of information sharing

In this paper we address the impact of information sharing between firms of a manufacturing network. Firms of the network are selected and scheduled to produce an order based on a price–time evaluation of their bids using an optimal planning model for networked manufacturing. Networking strategies, where business relationships are characterized by different levels of shared information on price and capacity, are classified. An illustrative example sketches the impact of information sharing on networked manufacturing using three different kinds of bidding protocol expressing how firms aggregate their information to conform to networking requirements. Finally, the results show that higher networking flexibility in terms of price–time alternatives can be achieved when firms favor tight partnership relations, offering consequently a better scheduling performance.     

术业专攻M-REAL让你美梦成真-芬兰林业总公司(M-REAL)专题报道(上)

引言芬兰林业总公司英文名称于2002年4月由原来的Metsa-Seria改为更为响亮、易于记忆和传播的M-real。总公司经过了一系列的兼并和资源整合,将原来使用不同公司名称的业务部门统统规范到全新的M-real的名称之下,并将凸显纸业与包装公司的形象,提高对用户的服务质量。芬兰林业总公司对中国市场并不陌生,在半个世纪前就进入了中国。1953年,它开始向中国政府提供大量的纸制产品。1986年,当中国开始经济改革时,芬兰林业总公司在香港设立了分支机构,以适应中国市场的发展。目前芬兰林业总公司拥有100多家中国客户,主要生产和销售印刷、包装产品。这次它还为中国的印刷、包装市场带来了全新理念的“包装一体化(IBP)”解决方案。     

Markup pricing in petroleum refining:: A multiproduct framework

This paper describes a structural model of markup pricing under joint production with quasi-fixed inputs of capital, labor, and inventories. The price–cost markups are functions of the inverse price elasticity of demand, an industry average conjectural variation elasticity, and the inventory to sales ratio. Our empirical findings suggest significant markups over marginal cost that differ considerably by product. This study also estimates the elasticities of markups with respect to supply and demand shocks.     

欧盟:食品包装印刷禁用含铅油墨

最近．在欧盟成员国发现包装面包用的塑料袋的印刷中含有铬酸铅。食品包装上使用铅使公众健康和环境都受到了威胁。     

LV：盛名之下

约瑟夫·熊彼特说，“所谓经济发展，就是女王穿的丝袜，一般工厂女工也买得起。”于是，有人说，“所谓经济发展，就是人手一个LV包包”。但这绝对是不可能的，连LV也不希望有这样一天，因为它的价值就在于只为少数人造梦。     

7:3

<正> 非洲某个城市的气象中心在发布每天的气温预报后,几乎都加上一句:“今天降雨的可能性为7:3。” 一个记者对这种预报感到奇怪。他找到气象中心主任,问道:“先生,这种可能性是怎     

PPG：乘胜追击

如果说布局中国市场是PPG横向发展,那么向自主品牌渗透、低探农用车市场则是纵向发展。显然,PPG在这两个方向已经赢得阶段性胜利。     

1500:28

<正> 这不是一则简单的数学运算,而是最近发生在桂林南方橡胶国际有限公司桂林轮胎厂的新鲜事。 3月1日,该厂职工医院来看各科门诊的职工了了无几,一天开出的处方笺也只有28张。     

Viewpoint: Beyond carrots and sticks: Europeans support health nudges

All over the world, nations are using “health nudges” to promote healthier food choices and to reduce the health care costs of obesity and non-communicable diseases. In some circles, the relevant reforms are controversial. On the basis of nationally representative online surveys, we examine whether Europeans favour such nudges. The simplest answer is that majorities in six European nations (Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and the UK) do so. We find majority approval for a series of nudges, including educational messages in movie theaters, calorie and warning labels, store placement promoting healthier food, sweet-free supermarket cashiers and meat-free days in cafeterias. At the same time, we find somewhat lower approval rates in Hungary and Denmark. An implication for policymakers is that citizens are highly likely to support health nudges. An implication for further research is the importance of identifying the reasons for cross-national differences, where they exist.     

Viewpoint: Determining famine: Multi-dimensional analysis for the twenty-first century

Famine was, until recently, largely a matter of historical or theoretical interest, but the “four famines” threat of 2017 demonstrated that Somalia in 2011 was not an aberration or outlier: famine is a contemporary reality and threat. Current methods of famine analysis however tend to emphasize the severity of current-status indicators as the sole dimension of analysis. This article argues that a more multi-dimensional view is required for a full understanding of famine, including not only severity but also the magnitude of the crisis, the temporal dimension or duration, and the spatial dimension or geographic specificity of the crisis. The article draws on recent experience of famine analysis in Nigeria, South Sudan, Somalia, and Yemen to demonstrate the way in which our current analytical perspective misses critical dimensions of famine, and the consequences of this for analysis, prevention, and response. A more multi-dimensional perspective sheds new light on famine dynamics, but also highlights the importance of causal analysis in addition to classification or determination.     

Action for telecommunications development: STAR: a European community programme

This article describes the European Communities' STAR programme: Special Telecommunications Action for Regional Development. It begins by situating STAR in the context of European Community policy, and explains how Community financial instruments are being used. The analysis which led to the formulation of the programme is briefly described, and an outline is provided of the main components of the regulation establishing the programme. The article concludes by presenting the current status of STAR activity.