实现知识共享的关键因素：信任

随着社会的飞速发展,知识的经济价值、经济地位与日俱增。知识的传播、更新、共享等都影响经济的发展,只有实现知识的高度共享,才能推动经济的更快发展。要实现共享知识,必须充分信任,只有建立在持续的信任之上的知识共享才能取得成功。     

如何实现经济增长的效率和公平双目标?——基于联立方程模型的研究

如何在保持经济快速增长的同时使收入差距得以缩小,实现效率与公平的双目标,是当前我国经济发展中急需解决的重要问题。文章在分析我国经济增长和收入差距关系内在机制的基础上,建立了一个同时考察经济增长和收入差距影响因素的联立方程模型。省级面板数据的估计结果表明,教育和非国有化既能促进经济增长,也有利于收入差距的缩小,并且该结果对于模型的不同设定具有稳健性。因此,增加教育投资,提高人力资本的存量水平,进一步促进非国有经济的发展,是实现我国经济发展的效率和公平双目标的有效途径。     

厦—泉—漳城市群重大工程建设对区域地质环境影响评估的对策研究

以海峡西岸经济区城市群协调发展为背景,以厦—泉—漳城市群建设为例,介绍了城市群建设发展、正在施工项目和规划建设的重大工程等整体概况;从福建东南沿海区域地质环境、评估指标体系与评估模型、影响评估方法及计算机评估软件、地质环境修复等四个不同方面,系统提出重大工程建设对地质环境影响研究对策、研究方法和技术手段。研究对厦—泉—漳城市群和其他沿海城市群的规划发展和建设具有参考价值,对维护区域地质环境系统平衡、实现海峡西岸经济区城市群可持续发展、协调重大工程建设与地质环境保护关系等具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

由环境工程项目看环境绩效审计

随着国际上对环境问题的日益关注，环境工程项目的实施和开展也已成为社会需要，环境工程项目的绩效审计与监督将成为我们工作重点。本文主要围绕环境工程项目及其绩效问题与新发展，提出了环境绩效审计的迫切性，阐述了环境绩效审计作为一种新型环境管理工具与众不同的特性。     

韩国国家大型科研项目事前可行性评估体系研究

近年来,韩国持续增加大型国家科研项目的预算投入.提高研发经费的使用效率和扩大产出率以及提高科研对经济增长的贡献率,成为韩国科技部在制定政策过程中首先要考虑的问题之一,国家大型科研项目的事前可行性分析评估受到关注.2007年,韩国出台了"国家研发项目事前可行性评估制度".     

政府主导型公众参与生态城市规划的难点及法律解决途径

目前,我国生态城市规划中,很多情形下的公众参与都是在政府推动和倡导下进行的,而不是有关组织和公民的自觉行动,因此政府主导型公众参与是我国公众参与的主要形式.但是政府主导型公众参与这种形式使政府和公众身处困境,体现在两方面,一是政府对自身利益与公共利益抉择的困境;二是公众实质参与权缺失的困境.政府主导型公众参与的困境有着深刻的法律根源,当然也有解决此困境的法律途径.     

How to Achieve the Take-off into Sustained Growth: A Case Study for Slovenia

In this paper, we show that successful policy aimed at enhancing economic growth in the long run must be based on policies which improve human capital and technological progress. This is applied to Slovenia, a small open economy in the European Union and the Euro Area. In particular, we investigate how fiscal policies should be designed to support economic growth without violating the European Union Stability and Growth Pact. Using the SLOPOL10 model, an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we analyse the effects of different fiscal policies in Slovenia over the next few years by means of simulations. The fiscal policy multipliers of the Slovenian economy are small and short-lived, which renders demand-side expansionary fiscal policies inappropriate as a means of achieving higher growth. However, if an increase in government expenditures directly related to technological progress is implemented (such as better funding for tertiary education or subsidies for firms’ investments in research and development), this can trigger a path of output which is permanently higher than that of the baseline simulation. Reducing income taxes and social security contributions has strong positive effects on employment. This result shows that the key to prosperity and sustained growth is investment in human capital and technology, also for a small open economy like Slovenia.     

Factors of Immobility: Why the Unemployment Rate is Slow to Adjust

During the recent recession and the continuing recovery, the national unemployment rate has maintained a level that has only been observed one other time since the Great Depression. While the initial causes of the increased unemployment rate are documented, the adjustment process and reduction of unemployment rates back toward some natural rate has not been addressed empirically. In this paper, the authors analyze labor supply side factors that may cause unemployment rates to remain high for a longer period than the typical recession. The authors focus on the impact of unemployment insurance extensions, housing market contractions and the general breadth of the economic downturn as factors that slow the labor supply adjustment process and lead to prolonged high rates of unemployment.     

现代金融的核心功能是配置风险

金融经历了从融通资金到信用创造，再到转移风险的过程。现代金融的核心功能是配置风险。金融不能消灭风险，它只能是转移风险，分散风险。金融的发展趋势是提升金融体系配置风险的功能，使风险流量化。     

Planning to cheat: EU fiscal policy in real time

Using real-time data from Europe's Stability and Convergence Programs, we explore how fiscal plans and their implementation in the EU are determined. We find that (1) implemented budgetary adjustment falls systematically short of planned adjustment and this shortfall increases with the projection horizon, (2) variability in the eventual fiscal outcomes is dominated by the implementation errors, (3) there is a limited role for 'traditional' political variables, (4) stock-flow adjustments are more important when plans are more ambitious, and (5), most importantly, both the ambition in fiscal plans and their implementation benefit from stronger national fiscal institutions. We emphasize also the importance of credible plans for the eventual fiscal outcomes .
--- Roel Beetsma, Massimo Giuliodori and Peter Wierts     

当代中国社会马克思主义信仰危机及其重建

伴随中国由计划经济时代向市场经济时代的社会转型,人们对马克思主义的信仰随着社会的演进而日趋淡化,主要从人的终极关怀角度出发,阐释信仰迷失的危害,重构信仰的方法路径,坚定马克思主义信仰对于实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史意义!     

Why it Pays to Conceal: On the Optimal Timing of Acquiring Verifiable Information

Abstract. We consider optimal contracts when a principal has two sources to detect bad projects. The first one is an information technology without agency costs (IT_P), whereas the second one is the expertise of an agent subject to moral hazard, adverse selection and limited liability (IT_A). First, we show that the principal does not necessarily benefit from access to additional information and thereby may prefer to ignore it. Second, we discuss different timings of information release, i.e., a disclosure contract offered to the agent after the principal announced the result of IT_P , and a concealment contract where the agent exerts effort before IT_P is checked. We find that concealment is superior whenever the quality of IT_P is sufficiently low. Then, IT_P is almost worthless under a disclosure contract, while it can still be exploited to reduce the agent's information rent under concealment. If the quality of IT_P improves, disclosure can be superior as it allows to adjust the agent's effort to the updated expected quality of the project. However, even for a highly informative IT_P , concealment can be superior as it mitigates the adverse selection problem.     

执行力：企业管理成效的关键

当前,中国企业正经历着剧烈的变革,在这场变革中,有许多企业感到困难重重,其原因除了外部因素的制约外,企业自身执行力的缺乏,也是一个重要因素。因为,企业只有拥有了强大的执行力,才能将卓越的战略变成现实,才能将优秀的企业文化融合到每一位员工的价值观中,才能适应不断变化的市场环境,进一步发展和壮大起来。     

Why rural Russians participate in the land market: socio-economic factors

The existing literature does not provide a theoretical basis for understanding why Russians participate in the land market. Based upon a survey of 800 rural households in five Russian regions, this article analyses three variable clusters which act as the independent variable: structural factors, capital factors and labour factors. Statistical analysis is performed to test which of the independent variables best explain participation in the land market. The analysis has policy implications as Russia searches for a way to transform its land relations.     

Why exporting countries agree to voluntary export restraints: the oligopolistic power of the foreign supplier

This paper studies the impact of VER on an exporting country. It shows that a VER at the free‐trade level favours the concentration of industry, allows firms with an export licence to expand, causes the contraction of the size of the firms producing for the domestic market only, and raises the price mark‐up in the domestic market. The impact on welfare is indeterminate depending upon the effect on global efficiency. If a VER is binding, also the price mark‐up in the foreign market rises and this effect on terms of trade, ceteris paribus, is welfare improving. An applied general equilibrium model for Turkey supports the conjecture that with a VER the increased oligopolistic power of incumbent firms with an export licence, the higher price mark‐up in the domestic market and a possible social welfare gain, are the key elements in understanding the rationale behind VERs. However, if authorities induce firms to engage in unproductive profit‐seeking activities, rent dissipation occurs and the impact on social welfare becomes negative.     

建立审计委员会制度:完善公司治理结构之关键

审计委员会作为公司治理的基本要素,在财务信息披露过程中扮演了重要的角色。本文通过介绍审计委员会制度的起源和在各国的发展情况,说明审计委员会制度实质上是一种内部控制,因此与我国上市公司的监事会制度在本质上有很大不同。审计委员会只有具备足够的权威性、客观性、胜任能力才能有效地发挥作用。     

为什么差强人意:环境税理论与实践背离的解释

理论上,环境税具有诸多优势,但是,环境税的实践状况不佳。环境税的理论和实践之所以出现背离,主要源于环境税面临诸多难以克服的技术难题和难以缓和的政治阻力。从技术角度看,对环境保护进行货币化处理存在争议;确定合适的环境税税基和税率并非易事。从政治角度来看,面对新的环境税制,立法者不愿面对新的政治阻力,税务管理机构不愿接受新的挑战,利益集团善于使用民众的力量来抵制拟议的环境税议程。     

Social Costs and the Automobile Industry: A Challenge to National Planning

Neoinstitutional thought is based on an integration of Thorstein Veblen's evolutionary theory of institutional change and John Dewey's theory of instrumental valuation. It offers a coherent methodology that guides both economic analysis and policy formation. Neoinstitutionalist methodology differs from mainstream economic methodology in its rejection of the normative-positive dualism. It denies that "objectivity" requires that science be wertfrie, arguing instead that normative propositions based on instrumental valuation are the foundation of scientific objectivity. The analytical focus of neoinstitutional economics is the process of institutional change which it treats as a change in the value structure of the institution.     

he Intergenerational Change in Technological Innovation Model:the Key to Sustainable Growth of SMEs

根据“企业代”思想,构建了中小企业可持续成长机理.在中小企业可持续成长机理的基础上,依据中小企业各成长阶段的特点,研究了技术创新模式的代际转变是如何推动中小企业的持续成长,并结合吉利汽车的案例分析,以予佐证.     

In search of general evolutionary principles: Why Darwinism is too important to be left to the biologists

Bioeconomics emphasizes the common ontological ground between economics and biology. However, this does not necessarily mean that both disciplines collapse into one. Instead it is proposed here that Darwinism provides a general, meta-theoretical framework for dealing with complex evolving systems, consisting of populations of varied and replicating entities, which are found in both nature and human society. There is no alternative to the core Darwinian principles of variation, selection and inheritance to explain the evolution of such systems. Neither the actual existence of human intentionality, nor the hypothetical existence of Lamarckian processes of acquired character inheritance, offer a barrier to the use of Darwinian explanations. However, while Darwinian principles are always necessary to explain complex evolving population systems, they are never sufficient on their own. Such a generalized Darwinism can accommodate several different stances found in the literature on bioeconomics and elsewhere.