外资研发与本地高技术企业创新能力间的关系——基于技术溢出的视角

将行业对外资开放程度、内外资企业间技术差距和本地企业的技术吸收能力纳入研究框架,利用1995—2010年我国13个高技术产业子行业的数据,建立动态面板数据模型,实证分析了外资研发的技术溢出与本地企业的创新能力之间的关系。结果表明:外资研发的技术溢出对本地企业的创新能力产生显著的正向影响,但与本地企业的自主创新投入相比,其影响相对较小;较高的外资开放度和较大的技术差距都会对外资研发的技术溢出产生不利影响,但外资研发的技术溢出是否存在主要取决于本地企业的吸收能力。     

Foreign Plants and Industry Productivity: Evidence from Chile

This paper presents new evidence on foreign plants and their effects on a host industry. I test the predictions of a Melitz‐type model using a panel of domestic and foreign plants in the Chilean manufacturing sector. Foreign ownership is a strong predictor of plant productivity and size advantages. Moreover, productivity gains for a domestic incumbent are positively associated with foreign plants' presence in the same industry and region. I also find a positive correlation between foreign entry and exit of less productive domestic plants, but inconclusive evidence on the effects on productivity of new domestic plants.     

FDI对我国产业结构升级影响的实证研究——基于面板随机系数模型的分析

改革开放以来,我国实施"以市场换技术"的外资战略,吸引外资以期换来国外的先进技术,促进产业结构升级。时至今日,此举是否真正换来了技术与产业结构的升级,值得我们细分研究。本文选取1999-2009年我国实际利用外资金额和行业增加值数据,通过采用面板随机系数模型分析了FDI对三次产业中各个细分行业的影响,从而得出FDI对我国产业结构升级的影响。研究得出如下结论:FDI对第一产业(即农林牧渔业)增加值有影响,但不够显著;FDI对第二产业中的制造业增加值的影响显著;FDI对第三产业内绝大多数行业增加值的影响显著。进而表明FDI的流入能有效推动产业结构升级和优化。     

FDI对我国产业结构升级影响的实证研究--基于面板随机系数模型的分析

改革开放以来,我国实施“以市场换技术”的外资战略,吸引外资以期换来国外的先进技术,促进产业结构升级。时至今日,此举是否真正换来了技术与产业结构的升级,值得我们细分研究。本文选取1999—2009年我国实际利用外资金额和行业增加值数据,通过采用面板随机系数模型分析了FDI对三次产业中各个细分行业的影响,从而得出FDI对我国产业结构升级的影响。研究得出如下结论：FDI对第一产业（即农林牧渔业）增加值有影响,但不够显著;FDI对第二产业中的制造业增加值的影响显著;FDI对第三产业内绝大多数行业增加值的影响显著。进而表明FDI的流入能有效推动产业结构升级和优化。     

物流产业外商直接投资的机理及效应分析

本文尝试用"2+3+4"研究框架分析物流产业外商直接投资的机理,以及受物流产业自有特征条件影响的物流产业外商直接投资在动因、条件、方式、区域的内在规律性,对物流产业外商直接投资在经济增长、产业结构优化升级、就业、环境等方面的效应进行了分析。     

外资并购对中国产业安全威胁的二层面防范

随着国内投资环境的日益改善和市场环境看好,外资通过并购迅速加入中国市场,这对中国传统产业的安全带来一定的冲击。对于外资并购的新特点及对中国产业安全带来的影响,我们必须给予足够的认识,同时也应采取相应的防范措施来应对挑战。     

外资对产业结构演变的影响——基于深圳市面板数据的实证分析

利用1979—2011年深圳市三次产业的实际利用外资总额和三次产业总值,构建变系数固定效应面板数据模型,分析深圳市的实际利用外资额对其三次产业结构的影响。结果表明:外资对三次产业产值的增长均有正向影响,但影响程度存在差异,即对第一产业产值的影响较小、对第三产业产值的影响最大。     

中国高技术产业垂直专业化影响因素研究——基于各行业和各地区面板协整的实证检验

文章选取中国高技术产业1995-2008年行业和地区两个层面的面板数据,运用面板单位根检验、面板协整检验、面板FMOLS估计方法和面板DOLS估计方法对高技术产业垂直专业化的影响因素进行了经验分析。研究表明,外向度和资本密集度对高技术产业垂直专业化有着显著的正向影响,但对各行业和各地区垂直专业化的影响程度存在一定差异。为此,政府应采取相关政策措施,促进高技术产业垂直专业化趋势的不断深化。     

Foreign workers and productivity in an emerging economy: The case of Malaysia

Many developed and developing countries are experiencing large and growing levels of international migration of labor. However, the large majority of research on the economic impact of inflows of migrant workers on host economies focuses exclusively on developed countries. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature by examining migrant‐induced productivity effects in the emerging economy of Malaysia. Importantly, the Malaysian case is typical for many Asian economies where, next to high skilled foreign workers, large numbers of migrants consist of low skilled workers that are employed in host economies on a temporary basis. Using detailed industry level data for the period 2005 to 2009, we find that both high skilled and low skilled foreign workers generate positive productivity effects in Malaysian manufacturing industries. Furthermore, our results identify a strong presence of industry heterogeneity, as the effects of foreign workers, in general, and low skilled foreign workers, in particular, are pronounced in labor and assembly intensive modern industries with a strong export focus. This indicates the importance of foreign workers for the contemporary international competitiveness of the Malaysian manufacturing sector. As such, our findings provide important new input to the debate on the role of low skilled foreign workers in processes of development of the Malaysian economy.     

FDI and productivity growth: the role of inter‐industry linkages

Abstract There is a large literature on the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on productivity through inter‐industry economic linkages. This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the developed economy of Canada. It finds that FDI generates strong effects on total factor productivity (TFP) growth through both forward and backward inter‐industry linkages, and increase in an industry's absorptive capacity raises the effects of FDI on TFP growth through forward inter‐industry linkages. For R&D intensive industries, the effects of FDI on TFP growth through inter‐industry linkages are small, but imports turn out to be an important source for TFP growth.     

外资在华技术创新溢出是否促进内资企业技术进步——基于门槛效应的经验分析

利用2010—2019年中国A股上市公司数据,构建面板门槛模型,探讨外资在华技术创新溢出对内资企业技术进步的门槛效应。结果表明,外资在华技术创新溢出自身存在单门槛效应,对内资企业技术进步的影响呈倒U型关系;以行业外资竞争、内资模仿同构和区域知识产权保护为门槛变量发现,仅当外资竞争水平较低、内资模仿同构程度较低以及区域知识产权保护力度较大时,外资在华技术创新溢出才能促进内资企业技术进步,且其阈值效应存在行业和企业产权异质性。     

The timing of antitrust effects on pricing

Using data from the Chinese manufacturing industry for 2001, this article examines the impacts of foreign presence on the performance of locally owned Chinese firms. Our key result supports a curvilinear functional form. Foreign penetration rates in excess of just about two–thirds of industrial capital are associated with declining spillover benefits, indicating the dominance of negative spillovers. The curvilinear relationship is found to be particularly strong in labour-intensive industries, contrasting with a standard linear relationship in technology-intensive sectors. The finding of the complexity of spillover effects challenges the laissez-faire view that ‘the more inward foreign direct investment (FDI), the better’ and that inward FDI into all types of domestic industry is equally valuable, in terms of performance benefits. Our findings argue for policy measures to strengthen domestically owned Chinese industry, to provide effective competition to foreign firms and to absorb the benefits from spillovers more effectively.     

外商在华投资产业结构特徵

本文围绕外商直接投资（FDI）与产业结构变动展开,重点放在1992—2007年期间。首先回顾了外商直接投资在中国经济建设申的作用,并验证了国际投资理论在中国的适用性。接着系统分析了在外资产业结构和地区产业分布非均衡发展的情况下,分别分析了外资在第一、二、三产业的特点和变动趋势、产业内部特徵,外资产业变动与中国三次产业变动的关联性。最後分析了物资进入中国的地区分布差异,外商投资在东部、中部和西部地区产业结构特徵,以及外资产业与中国产业结构在不同地区变动的关联性和相互作用。     

The Regional and Industrial Effects of FDI on Chinese Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates the regional and industrial effects of FDI on Chinese manufacturing sector since China entered WTO. We find that FDI plays a different role in the development of different areas and industries through a comparison with state-controlled industrial enterprises in China. More establishments of smaller foreign funded enterprises and less foreign capital with a high level of management should promote the competition to stimulate manufacturing growth in eastern area, while fewer establishments of foreign funded enterprises with a large capital should make a great stimulus to the western manufacturing development. Both foreign capital and the establishment of foreign industrial enterprises have a great effect on the whole manufacturing sector by industry.     

江苏省对外贸易对产业产出的影响研究——基于投入产出方法的实证分析

江苏省作为中国经济发展的强省,对中国经济的快速发展起到了重要的推动作用。因此,有必要对江苏省的经济发展进行研究,为江苏省产业结构的完善提出相应的建议,从而促进江苏省经济的进一步发展。本文以江苏省2007年投入产出表中的42个部门的数据为主要来源,利用投入产出分析方法中的平衡关系推导建立了江苏省的输入输出生产诱发模型,得到输入输出贸易对各产业产出的诱发系数。在输入输出贸易诱发系数的基础上,通过与相应的输入输出率相结合进行相关分析和回归分析,并根据相关分析和回归分析的结果对江苏省的各产业部门进行分类,从而更加清晰的分析江苏省对外贸易对产业产出的影响。通过计算分析我们可以看出,江苏省的产业产出受输入输出贸易的影响大小趋于一致,受输入贸易波动大的产业也会受到输出贸易较大的冲击。对外贸易对江苏省产业部门的波及作用首先从第二产业开始,然后向第一及第三产业产生波及效应。     

Foreign Investment and the Mediation of Trade Flows

How does foreign direct investment affect the trade between nations? While many theories of the multinational firm are based on the premise that foreign production and trade are substitutes, most empirical studies of foreign investment and trade uncover a complementary relationship. This paper shows that the mismatch between theoretical work and empirical findings is a byproduct of data aggregation. When the unique country–industry patterns of mostly OECD country foreign investments in the US are analyzed, predicted substitution patterns are revealed at the data level that roughly corresponds to broad products. The complementary effects of foreign investment on trade emerge at higher levels of aggregation.     

Mergers and Trade Policy under Oligopoly

For an oligopolistic industry, the effects of mergers on the domestic country's optimal trade policy are analyzed. If the domestic country pursues an optimal trade policy then it will always lose as a result of a foreign merger. The optimal domestic response to a foreign merger is to decrease (increase) the tariff if demand is concave (convex) and to increase the production subsidy. The foreign merger reduces foreign welfare when the domestic country pursues its optimal trade policy. The optimal domestic response to a domestic merger is to leave the tariff unchanged and to increase the production subsidy.     

FDI对中国服务业影响的实证研究

本文利用1997-2009年的数据,对外商对中国第三产业直接投资与中国服务业的产值之间的关系进行了实证分析,通过OLS检验了外商对中国第三产业直接投资与服务业的增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系.研究结果表明,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业的变动有很大影响.从上述实证分析中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国的服务业的增长有着长期稳定的均衡关系,1.07的弹性系数说明外商对第三产业的直接投资每增加1％,中国的服务业占GDP的产值就会增长1.07％.因此外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业有着比较明显的促进作用.从Granger因果关系检验中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资是促进中国服务业产值增长的原因,而服务业产值的增长却并不是吸引外商直接投资的原因.     

产业集聚、所有制结构与外商投资企业的区位选择

产业集聚理论认为,同一产业内的企业由于正的外部性具有聚集在同一地理范围内的倾向。在本文中,我们运用条件Logit概率模型,结合国家统计局对外商投资企业的调查数据,估计产业集聚程度、所有制结构以及其他传统的地区特征因素对外商投资企业地理区位选择的影响。我们发现存在非常显著的集聚效应,这意味着偶然的政策和历史因素将长久地影响企业生产活动的地理分布,这对理解中国的地区差异具有重要意义。     

The Effects of Tariffs and Export Subsidies on Entry Barriers and Investment

This paper explains the effects of unilateral tariffs and export subsidies on entry decisions in an imperfectly competitive industry, and suggests that carefully targeted trade policies play a strategic role in shifting the industry structure and the terms of subsequent competition. The model provides a new justification for tariffs which is different from the traditional infant industry argument; the tariff affects foreign firms' reactions as well as those of the domestic firms. [410]