技术引入和技术学习——外资企业与内资企业技术空间博弈

外商直接投资对我国造成了怎样的影响?很多研究局限在总体正负外溢效应的争论上,很少有学者关注区域因素和企业行为对外商直接投资技术外溢效应的影响。本文借鉴Wang与Blomstrom的内生理论模型建立思路,把外商直接投资技术外溢放在一个相互作用的系统中,同时引入“距离”因素,更全面地分析外资企业的技术引入行为和内资企业的技术学习行为。     

中外资银行竞争焦点

<正>中国入世后外资银行将在某些重点领域和重点区域与中资银行展开激烈竞争……中国人世,人们最为担心的是弱不禁风、问题多多的金融业。但根据承诺,中国的银行服务市场不会立即开放。令人生畏     

外资企业进入效应对内资企业技术创新的影响研究——以中国高技术产业为例

本文运用1996—2007年我国16个高技术行业的面板数据定量分析了外资企业的技术溢出效应、竞争效应以及出口结构对内资企业技术创新的影响。分别按利润率水平、外资企业进入度和外资企业出口结构进行了分组检验,得出了相应的研究结论。从短期来看,外资企业进入的市场冲击效应较大,挤占了内资企业的市场份额,对内资企业的技术创新会产生负面影响。从长期来看,随着内资企业对外资企业先进技术的模仿、学习和人员交流等,对国外技术的消化吸收能力逐步增强,外资的正面技术溢出效应会慢慢体现出来。     

国际资本引入对商业银行效率影响的实证研究

引入国际战略投资者是国内商业银行提高自身竞争力的有效途径之一。本文首先对引入国际资本后可能产生的各项效应进行分析,继而运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对引入国际战略投资者前后各商业银行的效率进行了测度,说明其变化情况;并以可能造成效率变化的因素为自变量,银行效率为因变量建立线形回归模型,发现资本充足率高低对银行效率并无直接影响,但产权结构与银行效率显著相关。最后给出相关政策建议。     

Foreign Competition and Wage Inequality

The author argues that increased foreign competition can affect technical choice and skill differentials even when actual imports do not rise significantly. A model is presented of general oligopolistic equilibrium (GOLE) in which a reduction in import barriers (whether technological or policy–imposed) encourages more strategic investment by incumbent firms. The predictions accord with many of the stylized facts: higher skill premia; higher ratios of skilled to unskilled workers employed in all sectors and throughout the economy; little change in import volumes or prices; and rapid technological progress with rather little change in total factor productivity.     

Domestic Jobs and Foreign Wages

It is plausible that the labour demand decisions of multinational corporations (MNCs) depend not only on domestic, but also on foreign labour costs. This hypothesis is tested by estimating labour demand equations for a sample of Swedish MNCs. Indeed, higher foreign costs increase an MNC's Swedish employment and reduce its foreign employment. As MNCs become more important in many OECD countries, the responsiveness of domestic output and employment to foreign labour costs is likely to increase.     

对外贸易与国内地理布局

在这本书(指《空间经济:城市、区域和国际贸易》一书)中,我们将建立三种模型:一是区域模型,在此模型中工业制成品是可流动的而农产品是不可流动的;二是城市模型,在此模型中除了土地以外,其它要素都是可流动的;三是国际模型,在此模型中要素不可流动,但中间产品创造了前向联系和后向联系。当然,在本质上,它们可以混在一起。例如,借助中间产品在区域分割1中起作用。毫无疑问,在现实世界里我们的人为分类不起作用。     

“两税”合并对内外资企业资本结构的影响

我国“两税”(内资企业所得税和外商投资企业所得税)合并的立法程序正在进行,合并后内外资企业将实行统一的所得税税法,尤其是税率将统一。这将对通过债务融资可以产生税盾利益的资本安排产生重大的影响。这虽然是税制改革的一项重要举措,但是通过影响企业融资策略的传导渠道必将影响到我国的资本市场,所以不仅政府当局关心,微观主体也正在积极准备融资策略的调整,以应对新的挑战。当前两套税法对它们的资本结构有何影响?差别何在?合并后它们的资产负债率有何变化?企业将如何改变融资方式?这正是本文研究的目的。     

Trade Imbalance and Domestic Market Competition Policy

This study investigates the effect of a country's suppression of competition in its market for nontradables. It assumes that the initial equilibrium is stationary and demonstrates that if competition is suppressed in a small country, the country's trade surplus increases in the short run. In the large country case, the same change creates an excess demand for future tradables and affects the relative price between present and future tradables. Using a two‐country model, the study shows that this price change redistributes real wealth from the country with a trade deficit to the country with a trade surplus.     

On Assisting Domestic Industries under Bertrand Competition

In a homogeneous‐good duopoly game with a home and a foreign firm, which compete on prices, it has been shown that the optimal way to assist the domestic industry is by a production subsidy. The argument here is that the subsidy is used to keep potential competitive pressure on the foreign firm. This paper analyzes under which conditions this threat of entry of a subsidized home firm is credible. It is shown that in markets where the firms move before the government, a subsidy is not credible and dominated by a tariff in terms of welfare.     

Foreign Firms,Domestic Wages*

Three types of theories have been used to explain the wage premium in foreign firms: the theories of heterogeneous workers, heterogeneous learning, and heterogeneous firms. We set up a model that explicitly encompasses two of these theories, and that can illustrate the third. This unifying framework allows us to rigorously compare the predictions of the different theories. Thus, it is a useful tool for interpreting new and existing empirical evidence. We illustrate the usefulness of the model on matched employer?employee data, and we find considerable support for all three theories. In particular, the theory of heterogeneous workers can explain up to 75 percent of the premium.     

关于内外贸一体化的再思考

加快内外贸一体化进程是发展社会主义市场经济的内在要求,内外贸一体化的目的就是要充分发挥流通的先导作用,充分拓展流通的功能.统筹国内发展和对外开放,需要统一管理职能,统一经营主体,统一内外市场.     

中外商业银行竞争力比较分析——加入WTO前对我国银行实力的检阅

加入世界贸易组织后 ,我国银行将面临外资银行的冲击。客观评价中资银行与外资银行竞争力的优劣对于我们制定竞争策略极为重要。本文从银行经营能力和整体竞争力上给出了中资银行之间以及与外资银行的比较分析。在比较分析经营能力时 ,评价了盈利性、流动性和安全性。在评价整体竞争力时 ,评价了银行规模、文化建设能力、金融创新能力、技术能力和经营国际化能力。最后 ,在比较分析竞争力优劣的基础上 ,对我国银行业竞争策略取向提出了自己的建议     

Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Child Labor

Empirical evidence suggests that use of child labor as domestic help has increased significantly in recent years although the overall incidence of child labor across the globe has declined satisfactorily. This should draw the attention of economists and policymakers because domestic child labor is considered as exploitative and in many cases hazardous. This paper purports to explain this apparently perplexing finding theoretically in terms of a three‐sector general equilibrium model with a nontraded sector where only child labor is used to render services to the richer section of the society. The analysis shows how FDI‐led economic growth increases the size of the services sector although it lowers the overall incidence of child labor in the economy and improves the welfare of the poor families that supply child labor. Finally, a composite policy has been recommended that can deal with all three aspects favorably.     

Foreign Aid, Domestic Investment and Welfare

This paper examines the welfare implications of temporary foreign aid in a simple two-period, two-country model of trade. Domestic investment is endogenous, providing an important link between aid in period one and the terms of trade in periods one and two. Transfer-induced changes in the terms of trade redistribute present and future income between the donor and the recipient. In the presence of barriers to international borrowing and lending, such redistribution gives rise to the possibility of temporary aid being both potentially and strictly Pareto improving.     

对外直接投资与国内产业空心化

本文针对一些西方学者关于美国、日本对外直接投资导致国内产业“空心化”的观点,提出了不同的见解。首先, 第一、第二产业比重下降, 第三产业比重上升是一国产业结构演进的一般规律, 与对外直接投资无关; 其次, 一国的对外直接投资规模巨大与贸易逆差并无直接联系; 第三, 对外直接投资增强了投资者的国际竞争力; 第四, 对外直接投资对一国的就业机会影响甚微。总之, 对外直接投资为投资国和对外直接投资者带来巨大利益, 而不会导致国内产业“空心化     

国内外工业化理论:回顾及评价

本文通过对国内外有关工业化理论的回顾和评价,印证了任何一个大国的发展都不离开工业化的事实,并结合我国的发展实际,进一步探究内生性新型工业化的理论依据和现实意义.     

中外银行合作途径

<正> 引言中国已经完成了入世工作的所有外部程序。在入世条约中一项重要的义务,是国内金融市场的逐步开放。在中国入世5年之后,外资银行将在与国内银行同等的经营环境中运营。入世后金融服务业的不断开放将给中国的银行界带来根本性的变革,这已成为广泛的共识。其驱动力将是更激烈的竞争以及更广阔的合作。总体而言,中资银行在资本实力、全球网络、运营效率、专业技术、现代管理制度和企业文化等诸多方面落后于外资银     

国际税收竞争条件下我国涉外税制改革研究

本文分析我国涉外税制存在的问题,提出在国际税收竞争环境下,我国涉外税制的改革着力点。     

Markups and exporting behavior of foreign affiliates

This study investigates the effect of exporting on markups for firms in China with a focus on foreign affiliates. Firm markups are first recovered after correcting for both output and input price biases. The analysis reveals that exporters which are affiliates of foreign firms charge, on average, lower markups in their export pricing. The markups are decomposed into price and marginal cost components to show that although exporting increases both price and marginal cost, the price increases are small relative to the increases in marginal cost. Heterogeneous effects of exporting on markups across firms and location are also examined.