数字化转型背景下审计职业教育改革路径探析

企业数字化转型给注册会计师行业带来了机遇和挑战,也对审计人才的培养提出了新要求。通过分析企业数字化转型对注册会计师行业的影响,探讨数字经济时代审计人才需求的变化,论证高职院校改革审计专业人才培养模式的必要性。为了满足国家和地区经济高质量发展对高素质技术技能型审计人才的需求,高职院校应当在做好自身数字化转型的同时,及时调整审计专业人才培养目标和培养方案,打造以培养学生多元能力为核心的课程体系,通过“产、学、研”协同合作赋能审计专业的改造升级。     

稳定业务关系、会计信息质量与审计费用

稳定的业务关系对于企业防范外部冲击具有重大意义,然而供应链上的稳定业务关系既可能带来“收益效应”也可能带来“风险效应”,企业的关系特征如何影响审计师审计成本和审计风险值得关注。研究发现,稳定的客户、供应商均能降低审计费用,机制检验发现会计信息质量在稳定业务关系对审计费用的影响中起到了中介作用,即稳定业务关系通过提升企业会计信息质量进而降低审计费用。进一步研究发现,企业在客户/供应商交易占比较高、处于非耐用品行业以及物流成本较高时,稳定业务关系对审计费用的影响更显著。研究从供应链视角丰富了审计费用影响因素的研究,为企业维护稳定供应关系、发挥供应链的监督治理效应提供了经验证据。     

基于业态融合的企业数字化审计转型路径研究——以Z金融服务公司为例

数字化审计转型是企业实现高质量审计及智能化内控的关键突破口,先进的数字化审计已成为企业提升内部控制水平与业务能力的重要手段。本文主要以我国先进装备制造企业Z公司旗下金融服务公司的发展历程为例,揭示其多样化的业态形式及其在业务流、信息流、价值流上的数据融合,剖析其数字化审计转型的路径特征,总结经验,为行业数字化审计提供一定的应用价值和启发示范效应。     

企业数字化转型、融资约束与成本粘性

本文选取2012—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本，实证检验企业数字化转型对成本粘性的影响。研究表明，企业数字化转型抑制成本粘性；融资约束负向调节企业数字化转型与成本粘性的关系；数字化转型对成本粘性抑制作用在内控质量较低、西部地区及成长期企业中更显著。建议深入推动企业数字化转型以此缓解成本粘性，完善成本管理决策，激发企业的内在活力。     

企业数字化转型与审计质量研究

本文针对企业数字化转型与审计质量的关系进行研究。采用文献总结法、实证分析法,选择上市公司作为样本,建立多时点双重差分模型,分析企业数字化转型对审计工作的影响及作用机制。研究表明：企业在数字化转型过程中,一方面能降低经营风险,另一方面能增强信息透明度,从而显著提高审计质量。     

集团公司内部审计数字化转型效果评价——以DJ汽车集团公司为例

近年来,数字技术掀起了各行业数字化革新浪潮。内部审计数字化在内部审计发展中不可或缺。本文以DJ汽车集团内部审计数字化转型为案例,对其内部审计数字化转型效果,从审计绩效4E角度构建评价指标体系,运用层次分析法对评价指标赋予权重,根据权数计算出综合转型的分值,通过对比转型前后的指标分值,得出内部审计数字化转型效果的综合评价,以期为集团公司内部审计数字化转型提供借鉴与参考。     

关系型交易对审计费用的影响——基于经营风险理论视角

关系型交易模式可能会在议价能力、关系专用性投资成本转换等方面加剧上市公司的经营风险,进而影响审计费用。已有研究主要集中于关系型交易对审计行为的影响,鲜有文献关注其中的作用机制。本文基于经营风险理论视角,选取2008~2017年沪深A股制造业上市公司的相关数据,实证分析了关系型交易对审计费用的影响,结果表明:关系型交易显著加剧了企业经营风险的集聚,进而提升审计费用,即经营风险在关系型交易对审计费用的影响中起到了中介作用。进一步研究,在区分了产权性质以及耐用品特征后,实证结果显示关系型交易与审计费用的正相关关系在非国有企业以及耐用品行业的企业中较为显著,为审计师进行合理审计定价提供了经验证据支持。     

科技赋能审计数字化转型

作为一种重要的国家和社会治理手段,审计对于保障国家经济安全、政策执行和企业合规稳健经营具有显著的支持保障作用。审计工作中需要大量的宏观、中观和微观经济数据,是高度依赖数据的经济管理活动。在数字经济和产业数字化过程中,审计也同样需要通过科技赋能实现数字化转型,并在此基础上,实现审计转型,提升审计价值。本文基于商业银行内部审计数字化转型实践,简要分析了审计数字化转型的动因、方法和价值,希望对于其他行业和社会的审计转型有所启发。     

企业数字化转型与权益资本成本：提升抑或降低？——来自中国资本市场的证据

数字化转型为企业带来了积极影响,在一定程度上促进了企业的发展。以往的文献集中研究了数字化转型对企业绩效、融资约束的影响,较少关注对企业权益资本成本的作用。本文基于Python爬虫和文本分析技术自行构建中国“企业数字化转型指数”,以2010—2021年中国A股上市公司为样本进行研究,研究发现,企业数字化转型能够促进权益资本成本的降低,该项结论在进行了一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。在影响机制方面,企业数字化转型可以通过降低信息不对称、提升股票流动性以及提升企业的创新水平等渠道促进权益资本成本的下降。进一步研究发现,对于非国有企业、低股权集中度企业和高行业集中度企业,企业数字化转型对权益资本成本的降低作用更加显著。     

大数据视域下内部审计数字化转型探讨

在大数据时代,企业要对大数据技术进行灵活应用,促进内部审计实现数字化转型,据此实现高质量和高效率的内部审计,确保内部审计预期目标的良好实现。本文简述了大数据视域下内部审计数字化转型的意义,浅析了大数据视域下内部审计数字化转型的问题,探究了大数据视域下内部审计数字化转型的措施,以期为内部审计数字化转型提供借鉴。     

我国注册会计师行业发展状况的分析与研究:成就与意义、问题与挑战、启示与建议

本文利用我国注册会计师行业的历史数据,系统研究了我国注册会计师行业发展问题.研究发现,我国注册会计师行业在促进我国社会经济发展过程中发挥了积极作用,做出了显著贡献.与此同时,也存在因不当审计行为招致的行政处罚、诉讼仲裁案件趋于增长和近年来屡屡遭遇声誉危机事件等问题,未来发展也面临行业过度竞争、薪酬竞争力不足、事务所分所...     

关于加强转变经济发展方式相关政策执行情况审计监督的思考

对转变经济发展方式相关政策执行情况进行审计是我国审计机关的重要职责。本文在对我国审计机关的外部体制环境和内部运行机制进行分析的基础上,提出加强对转变经济发展方式相关政策执行情况进行审计监督应着力抓好五项工作:系统梳理转变经济发展方式的相关政策,找准监督的着力点;搭建审计信息平台,推行多专业、多视角、多方式的数据分析;优化组织方式,实现上下联动、点面结合;加强审计成果应用,增强政策执行情况审计的高端性;通过开展政策执行情况审计,推动外部体制制度的完善。     

数字化转型能否降低企业资本成本

依据2007—2020年我国上市公司数据,考量数字化转型对企业资本成本的影响。结果显示,数字化转型可以有效降低企业资本成本;机制检验结果表明,数字化转型通过缓解信息不对称、强化企业创新动能、提高内部控制质量等路径降低企业资本成本。进一步研究发现,高科技企业以及企业面临较高环境不确定性时,数字化转型降低企业资本成本的效果更显著。结论从降低企业资本成本的视角为企业如何推进数字化转型战略提供了经验证据。     

Customer concentration and digital transformation

Using a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms during 2009–2020, we examine how customer concentration would influence firms' digital transformation. In this study, we construct a proxy for digital transformation based on a text analysis approach. Our baseline results show that customer concentration hinders digital transformation at the firm level. Moreover, we design a series of tests including instrumental variables and 2SLS regression to mitigate the endogeneity concern. Still, we find results consistent with the baseline regression. The results hold after multiple robustness tests. Furthermore, this negative effect of customer concentration on digital transformation is more pronounced when firms are subject to 1) more market competition, 2) more financing constraints, 3) higher transaction costs, and 4) less efficient use of resources. Overall, our results demonstrate the role of customer concentration in inhibiting firms' digital transformation from the perspective of supply chain management.     

后危机时期中小企业的财税扶持政策

当前,我国中小企业面临着融资困难、用工艰难、需求萎缩、负担沉重、成本升高、利润微薄等困境。解决这些问题,一方面需要企业调整发展战略,积极转型升级;另一方面亟需政府加强财税扶持。在后危机时期,政府要完善中小企业财税政策支持体系,通过财税政策鼓励创业、激励创新、直接降低企业运营负担、拓宽市场需求、优化融资环境,促进中小企业健康发展。     

Explaining municipal audit costs in Sweden: Reconsidering the political environment,the municipal organisation and the audit market

With the purpose of explaining professional audit costs in Swedish municipalities, we hypothesised that audit costs are partly driven by various signalling and monitoring incentives in order to manage stakeholder relationships. Our model of the determinants of audit costs was tested on data from Swedish municipalities, thus extending the study of audit costs to political organisations in a Scandinavian institutional context. The test supported to some extent the traditional propositions of organisational complexity, risk and market determinants, as well as the proposition of the political environment. Our results indicate that audit costs are used to signal accountability, thereby suggesting that audit as a signal could be managed without managing professional auditors.     

The Importance of Business Risk in Setting Audit Fees: Evidence from Cases of Client Misconduct

Previous research provides evidence that, for the clients of a large audit firm, audit clients with higher perceived business risk bear the expected costs of this risk with higher audit fees. We extend the literature, which focuses on the relation between litigation risk and audit fees, by examining alleged client misconduct that is not illegal but possibly increases business risk. In particular, we examine the relation between audit fees and business risk for audit clients doing business in developing countries where bribery of top government officials has been an accepted business practice. We hypothesize that bribery‐paying clients are riskier because of both client business risk and audit business risk. Using data collected from Securities and Exchange Commission filings and audit fee data in the 1970s, before the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, we provide evidence that audit fees were higher for clients that disclosed paying bribes. This evidence is consistent with an audit market where auditors assess business risk at the client level, then pass their expected costs to the client in the form of higher audit fees.     

Joint Audit: Issues and Challenges for Researchers and Policy-Makers

Abstract

The publication of the European Commission Green Paper, ‘Audit Policy: Lessons from the Crisis’ in October 2010, has stirred up a lively debate on the role of joint audits. This literature review identifies and evaluates, for the benefit of future research and regulators, existing evidence about joint audits. We find limited empirical support to suggest that joint audits lead to increased audit quality, but some empirical support to suggest that joint audits lead to additional costs. Overall, this paper indicates that joint audit should be seen as a mechanism that is embedded in a broader institutional context and not be considered in isolation from other factors that might impact the audit market. The results indicate that various country-level characteristics are simultaneously at play. While joint audits can potentially enhance the audit market competition by allowing smaller audit firms to maintain larger market shares, the related impact on audit quality has not yet been clearly demonstrated and thus provides a promising avenue for future research.     

Audit Effort and Market‐perceived Risk: Evidence from South Korea

Auditors incur a loss of credibility and/or status or litigation costs only when investors recognise audit failures. In this respect, auditors may be concerned about an increase in market‐perceived risk even though the total amount of audit risk is constant. Consistent with this reasoning, I find that auditors increase audit effort in response to increases in market‐perceived information risk. This suggests that the expected costs of audit failures are a function of investors’ recognition, and thus increased market‐perceived risk causes auditors to become more concerned about their audit failures and to increase audit effort. Further, this study shows that audit effort is effective in reducing market‐perceived information risk, suggesting that auditors contribute to the information environment.     

The role of audit verification in debt contracting: evidence from covenant violations

We investigate the role of audit verification in the resolution process following debt covenant violations. Using two sets of proxies for demand—audit fees and the independence and diligence of audit committees—we find evidence that covenant violations result in a demand for differentially higher levels of audit verification. Further analyses demonstrate the link between the increased demand for audit verification and the mechanisms designed to control agency costs in debt contracts. We document cross-sectional variations in the observed fee differential with respect to the level of reliance on financial covenants, the type of covenants violated, and waiver decisions. Moreover, we find that the observed audit fee increases are associated with more favorable movements in borrowing costs and the adoption of more conservative investment policies post violation. Our findings suggest that covenant violations increase the demand for audit services to help control contracting costs post violation.